backend.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <string.h>
  26 #include <signal.h>
  27 #include <assert.h>
  28 #include <inttypes.h>
  29 #include <sys/stat.h>
  30 #include <sys/wait.h>
  31 #include <math.h>
  32 #include <pthread.h>
  33
  34 #include "fio.h"
  35 #include "smalloc.h"
  36 #include "verify.h"
  37 #include "diskutil.h"
  38 #include "cgroup.h"
  39 #include "profile.h"
  40 #include "lib/rand.h"
  41 #include "lib/memalign.h"
  42 #include "server.h"
  43 #include "lib/getrusage.h"
  44 #include "idletime.h"
  45 #include "err.h"
  46 #include "workqueue.h"
  47 #include "lib/mountcheck.h"
  48 #include "rate-submit.h"
  49 #include "helper_thread.h"
  50 #include "pshared.h"
  51 #include "zone-dist.h"
  52
  53 static struct fio_sem *startup_sem;
  54 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  55 static struct cgroup_mnt *cgroup_mnt;
  56 static int exit_value;
  57 static volatile bool fio_abort;
  58 static unsigned int nr_process = 0;
  59 static unsigned int nr_thread = 0;
  60
  61 struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
  62
  63 int groupid = 0;
  64 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
  65 unsigned int nr_segments = 0;
  66 unsigned int cur_segment = 0;
  67 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
  68 int temp_stall_ts;
  69 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  70 #ifdef PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP
  71 pthread_mutex_t overlap_check = PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP;
  72 #else
  73 pthread_mutex_t overlap_check = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
  74 #endif
  75
  76 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  77
  78 static void sig_int(int sig)
  79 {
  80         if (nr_segments) {
  81                 if (is_backend)
  82                         fio_server_got_signal(sig);
  83                 else {
  84                         log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  85                         log_info_flush();
  86                         exit_value = 128;
  87                 }
  88
  89                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, TERMINATE_ALL);
  90         }
  91 }
  92
  93 void sig_show_status(int sig)
  94 {
  95         show_running_run_stats();
  96 }
  97
  98 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
  99 {
 100         struct sigaction act;
 101
 102         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 103         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 104         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 105         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 106
 107         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 108         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 109         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 110         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 111
 112 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 113 #ifdef WIN32
 114         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 115         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 116         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 117         sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 118 #endif
 119
 120         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 121         act.sa_handler = sig_show_status;
 122         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 123         sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
 124
 125         if (is_backend) {
 126                 memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 127                 act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 128                 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 129                 sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
 130         }
 131 }
 132
 133 /*
 134  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 135  */
 136 static bool __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *now,
 137                              enum fio_ddir ddir)
 138 {
 139         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 140         unsigned long iops = 0;
 141         unsigned long spent;
 142         unsigned long long rate;
 143         unsigned long long ratemin = 0;
 144         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 145         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 146
 147         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 148
 149         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 150                 return false;
 151
 152         /*
 153          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 154          */
 155         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 156                 return false;
 157
 158         iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
 159         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 160         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 161         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 162         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 163
 164         /*
 165          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 166          */
 167         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 168                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 169                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 170                         return false;
 171
 172                 if (td->o.rate[ddir] || td->o.ratemin[ddir]) {
 173                         /*
 174                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 175                          */
 176                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 177                                 log_err("%s: rate_min=%lluB/s not met, only transferred %lluB\n",
 178                                         td->o.name, ratemin, bytes);
 179                                 return true;
 180                         } else {
 181                                 if (spent)
 182                                         rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 183                                 else
 184                                         rate = 0;
 185
 186                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 187                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 188                                         log_err("%s: rate_min=%lluB/s not met, got %lluB/s\n",
 189                                                 td->o.name, ratemin, rate);
 190                                         return true;
 191                                 }
 192                         }
 193                 } else {
 194                         /*
 195                          * checks iops specified rate
 196                          */
 197                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 198                                 log_err("%s: rate_iops_min=%u not met, only performed %lu IOs\n",
 199                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops, iops);
 200                                 return true;
 201                         } else {
 202                                 if (spent)
 203                                         rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 204                                 else
 205                                         rate = 0;
 206
 207                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 208                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 209                                         log_err("%s: rate_iops_min=%u not met, got %llu IOPS\n",
 210                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops_min, rate);
 211                                         return true;
 212                                 }
 213                         }
 214                 }
 215         }
 216
 217         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 218         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 219         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 220         return false;
 221 }
 222
 223 static bool check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *now)
 224 {
 225         bool ret = false;
 226
 227         for_each_rw_ddir(ddir) {
 228                 if (td->bytes_done[ddir])
 229                         ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, ddir);
 230         }
 231
 232         return ret;
 233 }
 234
 235 /*
 236  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 237  * io. Attempt to do so.
 238  */
 239 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 240 {
 241         int r;
 242
 243         /*
 244          * get immediately available events, if any
 245          */
 246         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0);
 247
 248         /*
 249          * now cancel remaining active events
 250          */
 251         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 252                 struct io_u *io_u;
 253                 int i;
 254
 255                 io_u_qiter(&td->io_u_all, io_u, i) {
 256                         if (io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) {
 257                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 258                                 if (!r)
 259                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 260                         }
 261                 }
 262         }
 263
 264         if (td->cur_depth)
 265                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth);
 266 }
 267
 268 /*
 269  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 270  * io path, just does everything sync.
 271  */
 272 static bool fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 273 {
 274         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 275         enum fio_q_status ret;
 276
 277         if (!io_u)
 278                 return true;
 279
 280         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 281         io_u->file = f;
 282         io_u_set(td, io_u, IO_U_F_NO_FILE_PUT);
 283
 284         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 285                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 286                 return true;
 287         }
 288
 289 requeue:
 290         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 291         switch (ret) {
 292         case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 293                 td_io_commit(td);
 294                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1) < 0)
 295                         return true;
 296                 break;
 297         case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 298                 if (io_u->error) {
 299                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 300                         return true;
 301                 }
 302
 303                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u) < 0)
 304                         return true;
 305                 break;
 306         case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 307                 td_io_commit(td);
 308                 goto requeue;
 309         }
 310
 311         return false;
 312 }
 313
 314 static int fio_file_fsync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 315 {
 316         int ret, ret2;
 317
 318         if (fio_file_open(f))
 319                 return fio_io_sync(td, f);
 320
 321         if (td_io_open_file(td, f))
 322                 return 1;
 323
 324         ret = fio_io_sync(td, f);
 325         ret2 = 0;
 326         if (fio_file_open(f))
 327                 ret2 = td_io_close_file(td, f);
 328         return (ret || ret2);
 329 }
 330
 331 static inline void __update_ts_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 332 {
 333         fio_gettime(&td->ts_cache, NULL);
 334 }
 335
 336 static inline void update_ts_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 337 {
 338         if ((++td->ts_cache_nr & td->ts_cache_mask) == td->ts_cache_mask)
 339                 __update_ts_cache(td);
 340 }
 341
 342 static inline bool runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *t)
 343 {
 344         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 345                 return false;
 346         if (!td->o.timeout)
 347                 return false;
 348         if (utime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout)
 349                 return true;
 350
 351         return false;
 352 }
 353
 354 /*
 355  * We need to update the runtime consistently in ms, but keep a running
 356  * tally of the current elapsed time in microseconds for sub millisecond
 357  * updates.
 358  */
 359 static inline void update_runtime(struct thread_data *td,
 360                                   unsigned long long *elapsed_us,
 361                                   const enum fio_ddir ddir)
 362 {
 363         if (ddir == DDIR_WRITE && td_write(td) && td->o.verify_only)
 364                 return;
 365
 366         td->ts.runtime[ddir] -= (elapsed_us[ddir] + 999) / 1000;
 367         elapsed_us[ddir] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
 368         td->ts.runtime[ddir] += (elapsed_us[ddir] + 999) / 1000;
 369 }
 370
 371 static bool break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 372                                 int *retptr)
 373 {
 374         int ret = *retptr;
 375
 376         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 377                 int err = td->error;
 378                 enum error_type_bit eb;
 379
 380                 if (ret < 0)
 381                         err = -ret;
 382
 383                 eb = td_error_type(ddir, err);
 384                 if (!(td->o.continue_on_error & (1 << eb)))
 385                         return true;
 386
 387                 if (td_non_fatal_error(td, eb, err)) {
 388                         /*
 389                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 390                          * a non fatal error.
 391                          */
 392                         update_error_count(td, err);
 393                         td_clear_error(td);
 394                         *retptr = 0;
 395                         return false;
 396                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && (err == ENOSPC || err == EDQUOT)) {
 397                         /*
 398                          * We expect to hit this error if
 399                          * fill_device option is set.
 400                          */
 401                         td_clear_error(td);
 402                         fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
 403                         return true;
 404                 } else {
 405                         /*
 406                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 407                          * error.
 408                          */
 409                         update_error_count(td, err);
 410                         return true;
 411                 }
 412         }
 413
 414         return false;
 415 }
 416
 417 static void check_update_rusage(struct thread_data *td)
 418 {
 419         if (td->update_rusage) {
 420                 td->update_rusage = 0;
 421                 update_rusage_stat(td);
 422                 fio_sem_up(td->rusage_sem);
 423         }
 424 }
 425
 426 static int wait_for_completions(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *time)
 427 {
 428         const int full = queue_full(td);
 429         int min_evts = 0;
 430         int ret;
 431
 432         if (td->flags & TD_F_REGROW_LOGS)
 433                 return io_u_quiesce(td);
 434
 435         /*
 436          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 437          */
 438         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete_min, td->cur_depth);
 439         if ((full && !min_evts) || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete_min)
 440                 min_evts = 1;
 441
 442         if (time && should_check_rate(td))
 443                 fio_gettime(time, NULL);
 444
 445         do {
 446                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts);
 447                 if (ret < 0)
 448                         break;
 449         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 450
 451         return ret;
 452 }
 453
 454 int io_queue_event(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u, int *ret,
 455                    enum fio_ddir ddir, uint64_t *bytes_issued, int from_verify,
 456                    struct timespec *comp_time)
 457 {
 458         switch (*ret) {
 459         case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 460                 if (io_u->error) {
 461                         *ret = -io_u->error;
 462                         clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 463                 } else if (io_u->resid) {
 464                         long long bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 465                         struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 466
 467                         if (bytes_issued)
 468                                 *bytes_issued += bytes;
 469
 470                         if (!from_verify)
 471                                 trim_io_piece(io_u);
 472
 473                         /*
 474                          * zero read, fail
 475                          */
 476                         if (!bytes) {
 477                                 if (!from_verify)
 478                                         unlog_io_piece(td, io_u);
 479                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 480                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 481                                 break;
 482                         }
 483
 484                         io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 485                         io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 486                         io_u->offset += bytes;
 487
 488                         if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 489                                 td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 490
 491                         if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 492                                 goto sync_done;
 493
 494                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 495                 } else {
 496 sync_done:
 497                         if (comp_time && should_check_rate(td))
 498                                 fio_gettime(comp_time, NULL);
 499
 500                         *ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u);
 501                         if (*ret < 0)
 502                                 break;
 503                 }
 504
 505                 if (td->flags & TD_F_REGROW_LOGS)
 506                         regrow_logs(td);
 507
 508                 /*
 509                  * when doing I/O (not when verifying),
 510                  * check for any errors that are to be ignored
 511                  */
 512                 if (!from_verify)
 513                         break;
 514
 515                 return 0;
 516         case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 517                 /*
 518                  * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 519                  * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 520                  * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 521                  */
 522                 if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 523                         io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 524                 if (bytes_issued)
 525                         *bytes_issued += io_u->xfer_buflen;
 526                 break;
 527         case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 528                 if (!from_verify)
 529                         unlog_io_piece(td, io_u);
 530                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 531                 td_io_commit(td);
 532                 break;
 533         default:
 534                 assert(*ret < 0);
 535                 td_verror(td, -(*ret), "td_io_queue");
 536                 break;
 537         }
 538
 539         if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, ret))
 540                 return 1;
 541
 542         return 0;
 543 }
 544
 545 static inline bool io_in_polling(struct thread_data *td)
 546 {
 547         return !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete_min &&
 548                    !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete_max;
 549 }
 550 /*
 551  * Unlinks files from thread data fio_file structure
 552  */
 553 static int unlink_all_files(struct thread_data *td)
 554 {
 555         struct fio_file *f;
 556         unsigned int i;
 557         int ret = 0;
 558
 559         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 560                 if (f->filetype != FIO_TYPE_FILE)
 561                         continue;
 562                 ret = td_io_unlink_file(td, f);
 563                 if (ret)
 564                         break;
 565         }
 566
 567         if (ret)
 568                 td_verror(td, ret, "unlink_all_files");
 569
 570         return ret;
 571 }
 572
 573 /*
 574  * Check if io_u will overlap an in-flight IO in the queue
 575  */
 576 bool in_flight_overlap(struct io_u_queue *q, struct io_u *io_u)
 577 {
 578         bool overlap;
 579         struct io_u *check_io_u;
 580         unsigned long long x1, x2, y1, y2;
 581         int i;
 582
 583         x1 = io_u->offset;
 584         x2 = io_u->offset + io_u->buflen;
 585         overlap = false;
 586         io_u_qiter(q, check_io_u, i) {
 587                 if (check_io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) {
 588                         y1 = check_io_u->offset;
 589                         y2 = check_io_u->offset + check_io_u->buflen;
 590
 591                         if (x1 < y2 && y1 < x2) {
 592                                 overlap = true;
 593                                 dprint(FD_IO, "in-flight overlap: %llu/%llu, %llu/%llu\n",
 594                                                 x1, io_u->buflen,
 595                                                 y1, check_io_u->buflen);
 596                                 break;
 597                         }
 598                 }
 599         }
 600
 601         return overlap;
 602 }
 603
 604 static enum fio_q_status io_u_submit(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 605 {
 606         /*
 607          * Check for overlap if the user asked us to, and we have
 608          * at least one IO in flight besides this one.
 609          */
 610         if (td->o.serialize_overlap && td->cur_depth > 1 &&
 611             in_flight_overlap(&td->io_u_all, io_u))
 612                 return FIO_Q_BUSY;
 613
 614         return td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 615 }
 616
 617 /*
 618  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 619  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 620  */
 621 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
 622 {
 623         struct fio_file *f;
 624         struct io_u *io_u;
 625         int ret, min_events;
 626         unsigned int i;
 627
 628         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 629
 630         /*
 631          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 632          * read from disk.
 633          */
 634         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 635                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 636                         continue;
 637                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 638                         break;
 639                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 640                         break;
 641         }
 642
 643         check_update_rusage(td);
 644
 645         if (td->error)
 646                 return;
 647
 648         /*
 649          * verify_state needs to be reset before verification
 650          * proceeds so that expected random seeds match actual
 651          * random seeds in headers. The main loop will reset
 652          * all random number generators if randrepeat is set.
 653          */
 654         if (!td->o.rand_repeatable)
 655                 td_fill_verify_state_seed(td);
 656
 657         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 658
 659         io_u = NULL;
 660         while (!td->terminate) {
 661                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 662                 int full;
 663
 664                 update_ts_cache(td);
 665                 check_update_rusage(td);
 666
 667                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->ts_cache)) {
 668                         __update_ts_cache(td);
 669                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->ts_cache)) {
 670                                 fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
 671                                 break;
 672                         }
 673                 }
 674
 675                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 676                         continue;
 677
 678                 if (!td->o.experimental_verify) {
 679                         io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 680                         if (!io_u)
 681                                 break;
 682
 683                         if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 684                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 685                                 break;
 686                         }
 687
 688                         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 689                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 690                                 break;
 691                         }
 692                 } else {
 693                         if (ddir_rw_sum(td->bytes_done) + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
 694                                 break;
 695
 696                         while ((io_u = get_io_u(td)) != NULL) {
 697                                 if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(io_u)) {
 698                                         io_u = NULL;
 699                                         ret = FIO_Q_BUSY;
 700                                         goto reap;
 701                                 }
 702
 703                                 /*
 704                                  * We are only interested in the places where
 705                                  * we wrote or trimmed IOs. Turn those into
 706                                  * reads for verification purposes.
 707                                  */
 708                                 if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ) {
 709                                         /*
 710                                          * Pretend we issued it for rwmix
 711                                          * accounting
 712                                          */
 713                                         td->io_issues[DDIR_READ]++;
 714                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 715                                         continue;
 716                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_TRIM) {
 717                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 718                                         io_u_set(td, io_u, IO_U_F_TRIMMED);
 719                                         break;
 720                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE) {
 721                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 722                                         populate_verify_io_u(td, io_u);
 723                                         break;
 724                                 } else {
 725                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 726                                         continue;
 727                                 }
 728                         }
 729
 730                         if (!io_u)
 731                                 break;
 732                 }
 733
 734                 if (verify_state_should_stop(td, io_u)) {
 735                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 736                         break;
 737                 }
 738
 739                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 740                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 741                 else
 742                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 743
 744                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 745                 if (!td->o.disable_slat)
 746                         fio_gettime(&io_u->start_time, NULL);
 747
 748                 ret = io_u_submit(td, io_u);
 749
 750                 if (io_queue_event(td, io_u, &ret, ddir, NULL, 1, NULL))
 751                         break;
 752
 753                 /*
 754                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 755                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 756                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 757                  */
 758 reap:
 759                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 760                 if (full || io_in_polling(td))
 761                         ret = wait_for_completions(td, NULL);
 762
 763                 if (ret < 0)
 764                         break;
 765         }
 766
 767         check_update_rusage(td);
 768
 769         if (!td->error) {
 770                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 771
 772                 if (min_events)
 773                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events);
 774         } else
 775                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 776
 777         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 778
 779         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 780 }
 781
 782 static bool exceeds_number_ios(struct thread_data *td)
 783 {
 784         unsigned long long number_ios;
 785
 786         if (!td->o.number_ios)
 787                 return false;
 788
 789         number_ios = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
 790         number_ios += td->io_u_queued + td->io_u_in_flight;
 791
 792         return number_ios >= (td->o.number_ios * td->loops);
 793 }
 794
 795 static bool io_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t *this_bytes)
 796 {
 797         unsigned long long bytes, limit;
 798
 799         if (td_rw(td))
 800                 bytes = this_bytes[DDIR_READ] + this_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 801         else if (td_write(td))
 802                 bytes = this_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 803         else if (td_read(td))
 804                 bytes = this_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 805         else
 806                 bytes = this_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
 807
 808         if (td->o.io_size)
 809                 limit = td->o.io_size;
 810         else
 811                 limit = td->o.size;
 812
 813         limit *= td->loops;
 814         return bytes >= limit || exceeds_number_ios(td);
 815 }
 816
 817 static bool io_issue_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 818 {
 819         return io_bytes_exceeded(td, td->io_issue_bytes);
 820 }
 821
 822 static bool io_complete_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 823 {
 824         return io_bytes_exceeded(td, td->this_io_bytes);
 825 }
 826
 827 /*
 828  * used to calculate the next io time for rate control
 829  *
 830  */
 831 static long long usec_for_io(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir)
 832 {
 833         uint64_t bps = td->rate_bps[ddir];
 834
 835         assert(!(td->flags & TD_F_CHILD));
 836
 837         if (td->o.rate_process == RATE_PROCESS_POISSON) {
 838                 uint64_t val, iops;
 839
 840                 iops = bps / td->o.bs[ddir];
 841                 val = (int64_t) (1000000 / iops) *
 842                                 -logf(__rand_0_1(&td->poisson_state[ddir]));
 843                 if (val) {
 844                         dprint(FD_RATE, "poisson rate iops=%llu, ddir=%d\n",
 845                                         (unsigned long long) 1000000 / val,
 846                                         ddir);
 847                 }
 848                 td->last_usec[ddir] += val;
 849                 return td->last_usec[ddir];
 850         } else if (bps) {
 851                 uint64_t bytes = td->rate_io_issue_bytes[ddir];
 852                 uint64_t secs = bytes / bps;
 853                 uint64_t remainder = bytes % bps;
 854
 855                 return remainder * 1000000 / bps + secs * 1000000;
 856         }
 857
 858         return 0;
 859 }
 860
 861 static void handle_thinktime(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 862                              struct timespec *time)
 863 {
 864         unsigned long long b;
 865         uint64_t total;
 866         int left;
 867
 868         b = ddir_rw_sum(td->thinktime_blocks_counter);
 869         if (b % td->o.thinktime_blocks || !b)
 870                 return;
 871
 872         io_u_quiesce(td);
 873
 874         total = 0;
 875         if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 876                 total = usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 877
 878         left = td->o.thinktime - total;
 879         if (left)
 880                 total += usec_sleep(td, left);
 881
 882         /*
 883          * If we're ignoring thinktime for the rate, add the number of bytes
 884          * we would have done while sleeping, minus one block to ensure we
 885          * start issuing immediately after the sleep.
 886          */
 887         if (total && td->rate_bps[ddir] && td->o.rate_ign_think) {
 888                 uint64_t missed = (td->rate_bps[ddir] * total) / 1000000ULL;
 889                 uint64_t bs = td->o.min_bs[ddir];
 890                 uint64_t usperop = bs * 1000000ULL / td->rate_bps[ddir];
 891                 uint64_t over;
 892
 893                 if (usperop <= total)
 894                         over = bs;
 895                 else
 896                         over = (usperop - total) / usperop * -bs;
 897
 898                 td->rate_io_issue_bytes[ddir] += (missed - over);
 899                 /* adjust for rate_process=poisson */
 900                 td->last_usec[ddir] += total;
 901         }
 902
 903         if (time && should_check_rate(td))
 904                 fio_gettime(time, NULL);
 905 }
 906
 907 /*
 908  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 909  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 910  *
 911  * Returns number of bytes written and trimmed.
 912  */
 913 static void do_io(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t *bytes_done)
 914 {
 915         unsigned int i;
 916         int ret = 0;
 917         uint64_t total_bytes, bytes_issued = 0;
 918
 919         for (i = 0; i < DDIR_RWDIR_CNT; i++)
 920                 bytes_done[i] = td->bytes_done[i];
 921
 922         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 923                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 924         else
 925                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 926
 927         lat_target_init(td);
 928
 929         total_bytes = td->o.size;
 930         /*
 931         * Allow random overwrite workloads to write up to io_size
 932         * before starting verification phase as 'size' doesn't apply.
 933         */
 934         if (td_write(td) && td_random(td) && td->o.norandommap)
 935                 total_bytes = max(total_bytes, (uint64_t) td->o.io_size);
 936         /*
 937          * If verify_backlog is enabled, we'll run the verify in this
 938          * handler as well. For that case, we may need up to twice the
 939          * amount of bytes.
 940          */
 941         if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
 942            (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_backlog))
 943                 total_bytes += td->o.size;
 944
 945         /* In trimwrite mode, each byte is trimmed and then written, so
 946          * allow total_bytes to be twice as big */
 947         if (td_trimwrite(td))
 948                 total_bytes += td->total_io_size;
 949
 950         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 951                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_issue_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
 952                 td->o.time_based) {
 953                 struct timespec comp_time;
 954                 struct io_u *io_u;
 955                 int full;
 956                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 957
 958                 check_update_rusage(td);
 959
 960                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
 961                         break;
 962
 963                 update_ts_cache(td);
 964
 965                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->ts_cache)) {
 966                         __update_ts_cache(td);
 967                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->ts_cache)) {
 968                                 fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
 969                                 break;
 970                         }
 971                 }
 972
 973                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 974                         continue;
 975
 976                 /*
 977                  * Break if we exceeded the bytes. The exception is time
 978                  * based runs, but we still need to break out of the loop
 979                  * for those to run verification, if enabled.
 980                  * Jobs read from iolog do not use this stop condition.
 981                  */
 982                 if (bytes_issued >= total_bytes &&
 983                     !td->o.read_iolog_file &&
 984                     (!td->o.time_based ||
 985                      (td->o.time_based && td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE)))
 986                         break;
 987
 988                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 989                 if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(io_u)) {
 990                         int err = PTR_ERR(io_u);
 991
 992                         io_u = NULL;
 993                         ddir = DDIR_INVAL;
 994                         if (err == -EBUSY) {
 995                                 ret = FIO_Q_BUSY;
 996                                 goto reap;
 997                         }
 998                         if (td->o.latency_target)
 999                                 goto reap;
1000                         break;
1001                 }
1002
1003                 if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE && td->flags & TD_F_DO_VERIFY)
1004                         populate_verify_io_u(td, io_u);
1005
1006                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
1007
1008                 /*
1009                  * Add verification end_io handler if:
1010                  *      - Asked to verify (!td_rw(td))
1011                  *      - Or the io_u is from our verify list (mixed write/ver)
1012                  */
1013                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
1014                     ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_VER_LIST) || !td_rw(td))) {
1015
1016                         if (verify_state_should_stop(td, io_u)) {
1017                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
1018                                 break;
1019                         }
1020
1021                         if (td->o.verify_async)
1022                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
1023                         else
1024                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
1025                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
1026                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
1027                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1028                 else
1029                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1030
1031                 /*
1032                  * Always log IO before it's issued, so we know the specific
1033                  * order of it. The logged unit will track when the IO has
1034                  * completed.
1035                  */
1036                 if (td_write(td) && io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE &&
1037                     td->o.do_verify &&
1038                     td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
1039                     !td->o.experimental_verify)
1040                         log_io_piece(td, io_u);
1041
1042                 if (td->o.io_submit_mode == IO_MODE_OFFLOAD) {
1043                         const unsigned long long blen = io_u->xfer_buflen;
1044                         const enum fio_ddir __ddir = acct_ddir(io_u);
1045
1046                         if (td->error)
1047                                 break;
1048
1049                         workqueue_enqueue(&td->io_wq, &io_u->work);
1050                         ret = FIO_Q_QUEUED;
1051
1052                         if (ddir_rw(__ddir)) {
1053                                 td->io_issues[__ddir]++;
1054                                 td->io_issue_bytes[__ddir] += blen;
1055                                 td->rate_io_issue_bytes[__ddir] += blen;
1056                         }
1057
1058                         if (should_check_rate(td))
1059                                 td->rate_next_io_time[__ddir] = usec_for_io(td, __ddir);
1060
1061                 } else {
1062                         ret = io_u_submit(td, io_u);
1063
1064                         if (should_check_rate(td))
1065                                 td->rate_next_io_time[ddir] = usec_for_io(td, ddir);
1066
1067                         if (io_queue_event(td, io_u, &ret, ddir, &bytes_issued, 0, &comp_time))
1068                                 break;
1069
1070                         /*
1071                          * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that
1072                          * we can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the
1073                          * system is resource starved.
1074                          */
1075 reap:
1076                         full = queue_full(td) ||
1077                                 (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
1078                         if (full || io_in_polling(td))
1079                                 ret = wait_for_completions(td, &comp_time);
1080                 }
1081                 if (ret < 0)
1082                         break;
1083
1084                 if (ddir_rw(ddir) && td->o.thinktime)
1085                         handle_thinktime(td, ddir, &comp_time);
1086
1087                 if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->bytes_done) &&
1088                     !td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_NOIO))
1089                         continue;
1090
1091                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td)) {
1092                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time)) {
1093                                 if (exitall_on_terminate || td->o.exitall_error)
1094                                         fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid, td->o.exit_what);
1095                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
1096                                 break;
1097                         }
1098                 }
1099                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && td->o.latency_target)
1100                         lat_target_check(td);
1101         }
1102
1103         check_update_rusage(td);
1104
1105         if (td->trim_entries)
1106                 log_err("fio: %lu trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
1107
1108         if (td->o.fill_device && (td->error == ENOSPC || td->error == EDQUOT)) {
1109                 td->error = 0;
1110                 fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
1111         }
1112         if (!td->error) {
1113                 struct fio_file *f;
1114
1115                 if (td->o.io_submit_mode == IO_MODE_OFFLOAD) {
1116                         workqueue_flush(&td->io_wq);
1117                         i = 0;
1118                 } else
1119                         i = td->cur_depth;
1120
1121                 if (i) {
1122                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i);
1123                         if (td->o.fill_device &&
1124                             (td->error == ENOSPC || td->error == EDQUOT))
1125                                 td->error = 0;
1126                 }
1127
1128                 if (should_fsync(td) && (td->o.end_fsync || td->o.fsync_on_close)) {
1129                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
1130
1131                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
1132                                 if (!fio_file_fsync(td, f))
1133                                         continue;
1134
1135                                 log_err("fio: end_fsync failed for file %s\n",
1136                                                                 f->file_name);
1137                         }
1138                 }
1139         } else
1140                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
1141
1142         /*
1143          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
1144          */
1145         if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_bytes))
1146                 td->done = 1;
1147
1148         for (i = 0; i < DDIR_RWDIR_CNT; i++)
1149                 bytes_done[i] = td->bytes_done[i] - bytes_done[i];
1150 }
1151
1152 static void free_file_completion_logging(struct thread_data *td)
1153 {
1154         struct fio_file *f;
1155         unsigned int i;
1156
1157         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
1158                 if (!f->last_write_comp)
1159                         break;
1160                 sfree(f->last_write_comp);
1161         }
1162 }
1163
1164 static int init_file_completion_logging(struct thread_data *td,
1165                                         unsigned int depth)
1166 {
1167         struct fio_file *f;
1168         unsigned int i;
1169
1170         if (td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE || !td->o.verify_state_save)
1171                 return 0;
1172
1173         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
1174                 f->last_write_comp = scalloc(depth, sizeof(uint64_t));
1175                 if (!f->last_write_comp)
1176                         goto cleanup;
1177         }
1178
1179         return 0;
1180
1181 cleanup:
1182         free_file_completion_logging(td);
1183         log_err("fio: failed to alloc write comp data\n");
1184         return 1;
1185 }
1186
1187 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
1188 {
1189         struct io_u *io_u;
1190
1191         while ((io_u = io_u_qpop(&td->io_u_freelist)) != NULL) {
1192
1193                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_free)
1194                         td->io_ops->io_u_free(td, io_u);
1195
1196                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u), td_offload_overlap(td));
1197         }
1198
1199         free_io_mem(td);
1200
1201         io_u_rexit(&td->io_u_requeues);
1202         io_u_qexit(&td->io_u_freelist, false);
1203         io_u_qexit(&td->io_u_all, td_offload_overlap(td));
1204
1205         free_file_completion_logging(td);
1206 }
1207
1208 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
1209 {
1210         struct io_u *io_u;
1211         int cl_align, i, max_units;
1212         int err;
1213
1214         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
1215
1216         err = 0;
1217         err += !io_u_rinit(&td->io_u_requeues, td->o.iodepth);
1218         err += !io_u_qinit(&td->io_u_freelist, td->o.iodepth, false);
1219         err += !io_u_qinit(&td->io_u_all, td->o.iodepth, td_offload_overlap(td));
1220
1221         if (err) {
1222                 log_err("fio: failed setting up IO queues\n");
1223                 return 1;
1224         }
1225
1226         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
1227
1228         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
1229                 void *ptr;
1230
1231                 if (td->terminate)
1232                         return 1;
1233
1234                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u), td_offload_overlap(td));
1235                 if (!ptr) {
1236                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
1237                         return 1;
1238                 }
1239
1240                 io_u = ptr;
1241                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
1242                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->verify_list);
1243                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
1244
1245                 io_u->index = i;
1246                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
1247                 io_u_qpush(&td->io_u_freelist, io_u);
1248
1249                 /*
1250                  * io_u never leaves this stack, used for iteration of all
1251                  * io_u buffers.
1252                  */
1253                 io_u_qpush(&td->io_u_all, io_u);
1254
1255                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_init) {
1256                         int ret = td->io_ops->io_u_init(td, io_u);
1257
1258                         if (ret) {
1259                                 log_err("fio: failed to init engine data: %d\n", ret);
1260                                 return 1;
1261                         }
1262                 }
1263         }
1264
1265         init_io_u_buffers(td);
1266
1267         if (init_file_completion_logging(td, max_units))
1268                 return 1;
1269
1270         return 0;
1271 }
1272
1273 int init_io_u_buffers(struct thread_data *td)
1274 {
1275         struct io_u *io_u;
1276         unsigned long long max_bs, min_write;
1277         int i, max_units;
1278         int data_xfer = 1;
1279         char *p;
1280
1281         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
1282         max_bs = td_max_bs(td);
1283         min_write = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
1284         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
1285                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
1286
1287         if (td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_NOIO) || !(td_read(td) || td_write(td)))
1288                 data_xfer = 0;
1289
1290         /*
1291          * if we may later need to do address alignment, then add any
1292          * possible adjustment here so that we don't cause a buffer
1293          * overflow later. this adjustment may be too much if we get
1294          * lucky and the allocator gives us an aligned address.
1295          */
1296         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || td->o.oatomic ||
1297             td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_RAWIO))
1298                 td->orig_buffer_size += page_mask + td->o.mem_align;
1299
1300         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
1301                 unsigned long long bs;
1302
1303                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
1304                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
1305         }
1306
1307         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
1308                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
1309                 return 1;
1310         }
1311
1312         if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
1313                 return 1;
1314
1315         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || td->o.oatomic ||
1316             td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_RAWIO))
1317                 p = PTR_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer, page_mask) + td->o.mem_align;
1318         else
1319                 p = td->orig_buffer;
1320
1321         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
1322                 io_u = td->io_u_all.io_us[i];
1323                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
1324
1325                 if (data_xfer) {
1326                         io_u->buf = p;
1327                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
1328
1329                         if (td_write(td))
1330                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, min_write, max_bs);
1331                         if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
1332                                 /*
1333                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
1334                                  * going to be doing writes.
1335                                  */
1336                                 fill_verify_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
1337                         }
1338                 }
1339                 p += max_bs;
1340         }
1341
1342         return 0;
1343 }
1344
1345 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH
1346 /*
1347  * These functions are Linux specific.
1348  * FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH enabled currently means it's Linux.
1349  */
1350 static int set_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *file)
1351 {
1352         char tmp[256], tmp2[128], *p;
1353         FILE *f;
1354         int ret;
1355
1356         assert(file->du && file->du->sysfs_root);
1357         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", file->du->sysfs_root);
1358
1359         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
1360         if (!f) {
1361                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1362                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
1363                                 " switching\n");
1364                         return 0;
1365                 }
1366                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
1367                 return 1;
1368         }
1369
1370         /*
1371          * Set io scheduler.
1372          */
1373         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
1374         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
1375                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
1376                 fclose(f);
1377                 return 1;
1378         }
1379
1380         rewind(f);
1381
1382         /*
1383          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
1384          */
1385         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp) - 1, f);
1386         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
1387                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
1388                 fclose(f);
1389                 return 1;
1390         }
1391         tmp[ret] = '\0';
1392         /*
1393          * either a list of io schedulers or "none\n" is expected. Strip the
1394          * trailing newline.
1395          */
1396         p = tmp;
1397         strsep(&p, "\n");
1398
1399         /*
1400          * Write to "none" entry doesn't fail, so check the result here.
1401          */
1402         if (!strcmp(tmp, "none")) {
1403                 log_err("fio: io scheduler is not tunable\n");
1404                 fclose(f);
1405                 return 0;
1406         }
1407
1408         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
1409         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
1410                 log_err("fio: unable to set io scheduler to %s\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
1411                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
1412                 fclose(f);
1413                 return 1;
1414         }
1415
1416         fclose(f);
1417         return 0;
1418 }
1419
1420 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
1421 {
1422         struct fio_file *f;
1423         unsigned int i;
1424         int ret = 0;
1425
1426         if (td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_DISKLESSIO))
1427                 return 0;
1428
1429         assert(td->files && td->files[0]);
1430
1431         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
1432
1433                 /* Only consider regular files and block device files */
1434                 switch (f->filetype) {
1435                 case FIO_TYPE_FILE:
1436                 case FIO_TYPE_BLOCK:
1437                         /*
1438                          * Make sure that the device hosting the file could
1439                          * be determined.
1440                          */
1441                         if (!f->du)
1442                                 continue;
1443                         break;
1444                 case FIO_TYPE_CHAR:
1445                 case FIO_TYPE_PIPE:
1446                 default:
1447                         continue;
1448                 }
1449
1450                 ret = set_ioscheduler(td, f);
1451                 if (ret)
1452                         return ret;
1453         }
1454
1455         return 0;
1456 }
1457
1458 #else
1459
1460 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
1461 {
1462         return 0;
1463 }
1464
1465 #endif /* FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH */
1466
1467 static bool keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
1468 {
1469         unsigned long long limit;
1470
1471         if (td->done)
1472                 return false;
1473         if (td->terminate)
1474                 return false;
1475         if (td->o.time_based)
1476                 return true;
1477         if (td->o.loops) {
1478                 td->o.loops--;
1479                 return true;
1480         }
1481         if (exceeds_number_ios(td))
1482                 return false;
1483
1484         if (td->o.io_size)
1485                 limit = td->o.io_size;
1486         else
1487                 limit = td->o.size;
1488
1489         if (limit != -1ULL && ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes) < limit) {
1490                 uint64_t diff;
1491
1492                 /*
1493                  * If the difference is less than the maximum IO size, we
1494                  * are done.
1495                  */
1496                 diff = limit - ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes);
1497                 if (diff < td_max_bs(td))
1498                         return false;
1499
1500                 if (fio_files_done(td) && !td->o.io_size)
1501                         return false;
1502
1503                 return true;
1504         }
1505
1506         return false;
1507 }
1508
1509 static int exec_string(struct thread_options *o, const char *string,
1510                        const char *mode)
1511 {
1512         int ret;
1513         char *str;
1514
1515         if (asprintf(&str, "%s > %s.%s.txt 2>&1", string, o->name, mode) < 0)
1516                 return -1;
1517
1518         log_info("%s : Saving output of %s in %s.%s.txt\n", o->name, mode,
1519                  o->name, mode);
1520         ret = system(str);
1521         if (ret == -1)
1522                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
1523
1524         free(str);
1525         return ret;
1526 }
1527
1528 /*
1529  * Dry run to compute correct state of numberio for verification.
1530  */
1531 static uint64_t do_dry_run(struct thread_data *td)
1532 {
1533         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1534
1535         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
1536                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_complete_bytes_exceeded(td)) {
1537                 struct io_u *io_u;
1538                 int ret;
1539
1540                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
1541                         break;
1542
1543                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
1544                 if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(io_u))
1545                         break;
1546
1547                 io_u_set(td, io_u, IO_U_F_FLIGHT);
1548                 io_u->error = 0;
1549                 io_u->resid = 0;
1550                 if (ddir_rw(acct_ddir(io_u)))
1551                         td->io_issues[acct_ddir(io_u)]++;
1552                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir)) {
1553                         io_u_mark_depth(td, 1);
1554                         td->ts.total_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
1555                 }
1556
1557                 if (td_write(td) && io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE &&
1558                     td->o.do_verify &&
1559                     td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
1560                     !td->o.experimental_verify)
1561                         log_io_piece(td, io_u);
1562
1563                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u);
1564                 (void) ret;
1565         }
1566
1567         return td->bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] + td->bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
1568 }
1569
1570 struct fork_data {
1571         struct thread_data *td;
1572         struct sk_out *sk_out;
1573 };
1574
1575 /*
1576  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
1577  * here as well, after a little setup.
1578  */
1579 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1580 {
1581         struct fork_data *fd = data;
1582         unsigned long long elapsed_us[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, };
1583         struct thread_data *td = fd->td;
1584         struct thread_options *o = &td->o;
1585         struct sk_out *sk_out = fd->sk_out;
1586         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
1587         int deadlock_loop_cnt;
1588         bool clear_state;
1589         int res, ret;
1590
1591         sk_out_assign(sk_out);
1592         free(fd);
1593
1594         if (!o->use_thread) {
1595                 setsid();
1596                 td->pid = getpid();
1597         } else
1598                 td->pid = gettid();
1599
1600         fio_local_clock_init();
1601
1602         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1603
1604         if (is_backend)
1605                 fio_server_send_start(td);
1606
1607         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1608         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1609         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1610         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1611         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1612
1613         ret = mutex_cond_init_pshared(&td->io_u_lock, &td->free_cond);
1614         if (ret) {
1615                 td_verror(td, ret, "mutex_cond_init_pshared");
1616                 goto err;
1617         }
1618         ret = cond_init_pshared(&td->verify_cond);
1619         if (ret) {
1620                 td_verror(td, ret, "mutex_cond_pshared");
1621                 goto err;
1622         }
1623
1624         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1625         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_sem\n");
1626         fio_sem_up(startup_sem);
1627         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->sem\n");
1628         fio_sem_down(td->sem);
1629         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->sem\n");
1630
1631         /*
1632          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1633          * the uid.
1634          */
1635         if (o->gid != -1U && setgid(o->gid)) {
1636                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1637                 goto err;
1638         }
1639         if (o->uid != -1U && setuid(o->uid)) {
1640                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1641                 goto err;
1642         }
1643
1644         td_zone_gen_index(td);
1645
1646         /*
1647          * Do this early, we don't want the compress threads to be limited
1648          * to the same CPUs as the IO workers. So do this before we set
1649          * any potential CPU affinity
1650          */
1651         if (iolog_compress_init(td, sk_out))
1652                 goto err;
1653
1654         /*
1655          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1656          * thread from this job
1657          */
1658         if (o->gtod_cpu)
1659                 fio_cpu_clear(&o->cpumask, o->gtod_cpu);
1660
1661         /*
1662          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1663          * allocations.
1664          */
1665         if (fio_option_is_set(o, cpumask)) {
1666                 if (o->cpus_allowed_policy == FIO_CPUS_SPLIT) {
1667                         ret = fio_cpus_split(&o->cpumask, td->thread_number - 1);
1668                         if (!ret) {
1669                                 log_err("fio: no CPUs set\n");
1670                                 log_err("fio: Try increasing number of available CPUs\n");
1671                                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "cpus_split");
1672                                 goto err;
1673                         }
1674                 }
1675                 ret = fio_setaffinity(td->pid, o->cpumask);
1676                 if (ret == -1) {
1677                         td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1678                         goto err;
1679                 }
1680         }
1681
1682 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBNUMA
1683         /* numa node setup */
1684         if (fio_option_is_set(o, numa_cpunodes) ||
1685             fio_option_is_set(o, numa_memnodes)) {
1686                 struct bitmask *mask;
1687
1688                 if (numa_available() < 0) {
1689                         td_verror(td, errno, "Does not support NUMA API\n");
1690                         goto err;
1691                 }
1692
1693                 if (fio_option_is_set(o, numa_cpunodes)) {
1694                         mask = numa_parse_nodestring(o->numa_cpunodes);
1695                         ret = numa_run_on_node_mask(mask);
1696                         numa_free_nodemask(mask);
1697                         if (ret == -1) {
1698                                 td_verror(td, errno, \
1699                                         "numa_run_on_node_mask failed\n");
1700                                 goto err;
1701                         }
1702                 }
1703
1704                 if (fio_option_is_set(o, numa_memnodes)) {
1705                         mask = NULL;
1706                         if (o->numa_memnodes)
1707                                 mask = numa_parse_nodestring(o->numa_memnodes);
1708
1709                         switch (o->numa_mem_mode) {
1710                         case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
1711                                 numa_set_interleave_mask(mask);
1712                                 break;
1713                         case MPOL_BIND:
1714                                 numa_set_membind(mask);
1715                                 break;
1716                         case MPOL_LOCAL:
1717                                 numa_set_localalloc();
1718                                 break;
1719                         case MPOL_PREFERRED:
1720                                 numa_set_preferred(o->numa_mem_prefer_node);
1721                                 break;
1722                         case MPOL_DEFAULT:
1723                         default:
1724                                 break;
1725                         }
1726
1727                         if (mask)
1728                                 numa_free_nodemask(mask);
1729
1730                 }
1731         }
1732 #endif
1733
1734         if (fio_pin_memory(td))
1735                 goto err;
1736
1737         /*
1738          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1739          * do this first.
1740          */
1741         if (!init_iolog(td))
1742                 goto err;
1743
1744         if (td_io_init(td))
1745                 goto err;
1746
1747         if (init_io_u(td))
1748                 goto err;
1749
1750         if (td->io_ops->post_init && td->io_ops->post_init(td))
1751                 goto err;
1752
1753         if (o->verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1754                 goto err;
1755
1756         if (fio_option_is_set(o, ioprio) ||
1757             fio_option_is_set(o, ioprio_class)) {
1758                 ret = ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
1759                 if (ret == -1) {
1760                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1761                         goto err;
1762                 }
1763                 td->ioprio = ioprio_value(o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
1764         }
1765
1766         if (o->cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1767                 goto err;
1768
1769         errno = 0;
1770         if (nice(o->nice) == -1 && errno != 0) {
1771                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1772                 goto err;
1773         }
1774
1775         if (o->ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1776                 goto err;
1777
1778         if (!o->create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1779                 goto err;
1780
1781         if (!init_random_map(td))
1782                 goto err;
1783
1784         if (o->exec_prerun && exec_string(o, o->exec_prerun, "prerun"))
1785                 goto err;
1786
1787         if (o->pre_read && !pre_read_files(td))
1788                 goto err;
1789
1790         fio_verify_init(td);
1791
1792         if (rate_submit_init(td, sk_out))
1793                 goto err;
1794
1795         if (td->o.thinktime_blocks_type == THINKTIME_BLOCKS_TYPE_COMPLETE)
1796                 td->thinktime_blocks_counter = td->io_blocks;
1797         else
1798                 td->thinktime_blocks_counter = td->io_issues;
1799
1800         set_epoch_time(td, o->log_unix_epoch);
1801         fio_getrusage(&td->ru_start);
1802         memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
1803         memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
1804         memcpy(&td->ss.prev_time, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
1805
1806         if (o->ratemin[DDIR_READ] || o->ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
1807                         o->ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1808                 memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
1809                                         sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1810                 memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
1811                                         sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1812                 memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
1813                                         sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1814         }
1815
1816         memset(bytes_done, 0, sizeof(bytes_done));
1817         clear_state = false;
1818
1819         while (keep_running(td)) {
1820                 uint64_t verify_bytes;
1821
1822                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1823                 memcpy(&td->ts_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1824
1825                 if (clear_state) {
1826                         clear_io_state(td, 0);
1827
1828                         if (o->unlink_each_loop && unlink_all_files(td))
1829                                 break;
1830                 }
1831
1832                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1833
1834                 if (td->o.verify_only && td_write(td))
1835                         verify_bytes = do_dry_run(td);
1836                 else {
1837                         do_io(td, bytes_done);
1838
1839                         if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done)) {
1840                                 fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
1841                                 verify_bytes = 0;
1842                         } else {
1843                                 verify_bytes = bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] +
1844                                                 bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
1845                         }
1846                 }
1847
1848                 /*
1849                  * If we took too long to shut down, the main thread could
1850                  * already consider us reaped/exited. If that happens, break
1851                  * out and clean up.
1852                  */
1853                 if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED)
1854                         break;
1855
1856                 clear_state = true;
1857
1858                 /*
1859                  * Make sure we've successfully updated the rusage stats
1860                  * before waiting on the stat mutex. Otherwise we could have
1861                  * the stat thread holding stat mutex and waiting for
1862                  * the rusage_sem, which would never get upped because
1863                  * this thread is waiting for the stat mutex.
1864                  */
1865                 deadlock_loop_cnt = 0;
1866                 do {
1867                         check_update_rusage(td);
1868                         if (!fio_sem_down_trylock(stat_sem))
1869                                 break;
1870                         usleep(1000);
1871                         if (deadlock_loop_cnt++ > 5000) {
1872                                 log_err("fio seems to be stuck grabbing stat_sem, forcibly exiting\n");
1873                                 td->error = EDEADLK;
1874                                 goto err;
1875                         }
1876                 } while (1);
1877
1878                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ])
1879                         update_runtime(td, elapsed_us, DDIR_READ);
1880                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE])
1881                         update_runtime(td, elapsed_us, DDIR_WRITE);
1882                 if (td_trim(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM])
1883                         update_runtime(td, elapsed_us, DDIR_TRIM);
1884                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1885                 fio_sem_up(stat_sem);
1886
1887                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1888                         break;
1889
1890                 if (!o->do_verify ||
1891                     o->verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1892                     td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_UNIDIR))
1893                         continue;
1894
1895                 clear_io_state(td, 0);
1896
1897                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1898
1899                 do_verify(td, verify_bytes);
1900
1901                 /*
1902                  * See comment further up for why this is done here.
1903                  */
1904                 check_update_rusage(td);
1905
1906                 fio_sem_down(stat_sem);
1907                 update_runtime(td, elapsed_us, DDIR_READ);
1908                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1909                 fio_sem_up(stat_sem);
1910
1911                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1912                         break;
1913         }
1914
1915         /*
1916          * Acquire this lock if we were doing overlap checking in
1917          * offload mode so that we don't clean up this job while
1918          * another thread is checking its io_u's for overlap
1919          */
1920         if (td_offload_overlap(td)) {
1921                 int res = pthread_mutex_lock(&overlap_check);
1922                 assert(res == 0);
1923         }
1924         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FINISHING);
1925         if (td_offload_overlap(td)) {
1926                 res = pthread_mutex_unlock(&overlap_check);
1927                 assert(res == 0);
1928         }
1929
1930         update_rusage_stat(td);
1931         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1932         for_each_rw_ddir(ddir) {
1933                 td->ts.io_bytes[ddir] = td->io_bytes[ddir];
1934         }
1935
1936         if (td->o.verify_state_save && !(td->flags & TD_F_VSTATE_SAVED) &&
1937             (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && td_write(td)))
1938                 verify_save_state(td->thread_number);
1939
1940         fio_unpin_memory(td);
1941
1942         td_writeout_logs(td, true);
1943
1944         iolog_compress_exit(td);
1945         rate_submit_exit(td);
1946
1947         if (o->exec_postrun)
1948                 exec_string(o, o->exec_postrun, "postrun");
1949
1950         if (exitall_on_terminate || (o->exitall_error && td->error))
1951                 fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid, td->o.exit_what);
1952
1953 err:
1954         if (td->error)
1955                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1956                                                         td->verror);
1957
1958         if (o->verify_async)
1959                 verify_async_exit(td);
1960
1961         close_and_free_files(td);
1962         cleanup_io_u(td);
1963         close_ioengine(td);
1964         cgroup_shutdown(td, cgroup_mnt);
1965         verify_free_state(td);
1966         td_zone_free_index(td);
1967
1968         if (fio_option_is_set(o, cpumask)) {
1969                 ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&o->cpumask);
1970                 if (ret)
1971                         td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1972         }
1973
1974         /*
1975          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1976          */
1977         if (o->write_iolog_file)
1978                 write_iolog_close(td);
1979         if (td->io_log_rfile)
1980                 fclose(td->io_log_rfile);
1981
1982         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1983
1984         /*
1985          * Do this last after setting our runstate to exited, so we
1986          * know that the stat thread is signaled.
1987          */
1988         check_update_rusage(td);
1989
1990         sk_out_drop();
1991         return (void *) (uintptr_t) td->error;
1992 }
1993
1994 /*
1995  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1996  */
1997 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, uint64_t *t_rate,
1998                          uint64_t *m_rate)
1999 {
2000         struct thread_data *td;
2001         unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
2002         int i, status, ret;
2003
2004         /*
2005          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
2006          */
2007         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
2008         for_each_td(td, i) {
2009                 int flags = 0;
2010
2011                  if (!strcmp(td->o.ioengine, "cpuio"))
2012                         cputhreads++;
2013                 else
2014                         realthreads++;
2015
2016                 if (!td->pid) {
2017                         pending++;
2018                         continue;
2019                 }
2020                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
2021                         continue;
2022                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
2023                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
2024                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
2025                                 goto reaped;
2026                         }
2027                         continue;
2028                 }
2029
2030                 flags = WNOHANG;
2031                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
2032                         flags = 0;
2033
2034                 /*
2035                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
2036                  */
2037                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
2038                 if (ret < 0) {
2039                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
2040                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
2041                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
2042                                 td->sig = ECHILD;
2043                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
2044                                 goto reaped;
2045                         }
2046                         perror("waitpid");
2047                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
2048                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
2049                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
2050
2051                                 if (sig != SIGTERM && sig != SIGUSR2)
2052                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
2053                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
2054                                 td->sig = sig;
2055                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
2056                                 goto reaped;
2057                         }
2058                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
2059                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
2060                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
2061
2062                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
2063                                 goto reaped;
2064                         }
2065                 }
2066
2067                 /*
2068                  * If the job is stuck, do a forceful timeout of it and
2069                  * move on.
2070                  */
2071                 if (td->terminate &&
2072                     td->runstate < TD_FSYNCING &&
2073                     time_since_now(&td->terminate_time) >= FIO_REAP_TIMEOUT) {
2074                         log_err("fio: job '%s' (state=%d) hasn't exited in "
2075                                 "%lu seconds, it appears to be stuck. Doing "
2076                                 "forceful exit of this job.\n",
2077                                 td->o.name, td->runstate,
2078                                 (unsigned long) time_since_now(&td->terminate_time));
2079                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
2080                         goto reaped;
2081                 }
2082
2083                 /*
2084                  * thread is not dead, continue
2085                  */
2086                 pending++;
2087                 continue;
2088 reaped:
2089                 (*nr_running)--;
2090                 (*m_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
2091                 (*t_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
2092                 if (!td->pid)
2093                         pending--;
2094
2095                 if (td->error)
2096                         exit_value++;
2097
2098                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
2099                 profile_td_exit(td);
2100                 flow_exit_job(td);
2101         }
2102
2103         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
2104                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, TERMINATE_ALL);
2105 }
2106
2107 static bool __check_trigger_file(void)
2108 {
2109         struct stat sb;
2110
2111         if (!trigger_file)
2112                 return false;
2113
2114         if (stat(trigger_file, &sb))
2115                 return false;
2116
2117         if (unlink(trigger_file) < 0)
2118                 log_err("fio: failed to unlink %s: %s\n", trigger_file,
2119                                                         strerror(errno));
2120
2121         return true;
2122 }
2123
2124 static bool trigger_timedout(void)
2125 {
2126         if (trigger_timeout)
2127                 if (time_since_genesis() >= trigger_timeout) {
2128                         trigger_timeout = 0;
2129                         return true;
2130                 }
2131
2132         return false;
2133 }
2134
2135 void exec_trigger(const char *cmd)
2136 {
2137         int ret;
2138
2139         if (!cmd || cmd[0] == '\0')
2140                 return;
2141
2142         ret = system(cmd);
2143         if (ret == -1)
2144                 log_err("fio: failed executing %s trigger\n", cmd);
2145 }
2146
2147 void check_trigger_file(void)
2148 {
2149         if (__check_trigger_file() || trigger_timedout()) {
2150                 if (nr_clients)
2151                         fio_clients_send_trigger(trigger_remote_cmd);
2152                 else {
2153                         verify_save_state(IO_LIST_ALL);
2154                         fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, TERMINATE_ALL);
2155                         exec_trigger(trigger_cmd);
2156                 }
2157         }
2158 }
2159
2160 static int fio_verify_load_state(struct thread_data *td)
2161 {
2162         int ret;
2163
2164         if (!td->o.verify_state)
2165                 return 0;
2166
2167         if (is_backend) {
2168                 void *data;
2169
2170                 ret = fio_server_get_verify_state(td->o.name,
2171                                         td->thread_number - 1, &data);
2172                 if (!ret)
2173                         verify_assign_state(td, data);
2174         } else {
2175                 char prefix[PATH_MAX];
2176
2177                 if (aux_path)
2178                         sprintf(prefix, "%s%clocal", aux_path,
2179                                         FIO_OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
2180                 else
2181                         strcpy(prefix, "local");
2182                 ret = verify_load_state(td, prefix);
2183         }
2184
2185         return ret;
2186 }
2187
2188 static void do_usleep(unsigned int usecs)
2189 {
2190         check_for_running_stats();
2191         check_trigger_file();
2192         usleep(usecs);
2193 }
2194
2195 static bool check_mount_writes(struct thread_data *td)
2196 {
2197         struct fio_file *f;
2198         unsigned int i;
2199
2200         if (!td_write(td) || td->o.allow_mounted_write)
2201                 return false;
2202
2203         /*
2204          * If FIO_HAVE_CHARDEV_SIZE is defined, it's likely that chrdevs
2205          * are mkfs'd and mounted.
2206          */
2207         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
2208 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CHARDEV_SIZE
2209                 if (f->filetype != FIO_TYPE_BLOCK && f->filetype != FIO_TYPE_CHAR)
2210 #else
2211                 if (f->filetype != FIO_TYPE_BLOCK)
2212 #endif
2213                         continue;
2214                 if (device_is_mounted(f->file_name))
2215                         goto mounted;
2216         }
2217
2218         return false;
2219 mounted:
2220         log_err("fio: %s appears mounted, and 'allow_mounted_write' isn't set. Aborting.\n", f->file_name);
2221         return true;
2222 }
2223
2224 static bool waitee_running(struct thread_data *me)
2225 {
2226         const char *waitee = me->o.wait_for;
2227         const char *self = me->o.name;
2228         struct thread_data *td;
2229         int i;
2230
2231         if (!waitee)
2232                 return false;
2233
2234         for_each_td(td, i) {
2235                 if (!strcmp(td->o.name, self) || strcmp(td->o.name, waitee))
2236                         continue;
2237
2238                 if (td->runstate < TD_EXITED) {
2239                         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s fenced by %s(%s)\n",
2240                                         self, td->o.name,
2241                                         runstate_to_name(td->runstate));
2242                         return true;
2243                 }
2244         }
2245
2246         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: %s completed, can run\n", self, waitee);
2247         return false;
2248 }
2249
2250 /*
2251  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
2252  */
2253 static void run_threads(struct sk_out *sk_out)
2254 {
2255         struct thread_data *td;
2256         unsigned int i, todo, nr_running, nr_started;
2257         uint64_t m_rate, t_rate;
2258         uint64_t spent;
2259
2260         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
2261                 return;
2262
2263         fio_idle_prof_init();
2264
2265         set_sig_handlers();
2266
2267         nr_thread = nr_process = 0;
2268         for_each_td(td, i) {
2269                 if (check_mount_writes(td))
2270                         return;
2271                 if (td->o.use_thread)
2272                         nr_thread++;
2273                 else
2274                         nr_process++;
2275         }
2276
2277         if (output_format & FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
2278                 struct buf_output out;
2279
2280                 buf_output_init(&out);
2281                 __log_buf(&out, "Starting ");
2282                 if (nr_thread)
2283                         __log_buf(&out, "%d thread%s", nr_thread,
2284                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
2285                 if (nr_process) {
2286                         if (nr_thread)
2287                                 __log_buf(&out, " and ");
2288                         __log_buf(&out, "%d process%s", nr_process,
2289                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
2290                 }
2291                 __log_buf(&out, "\n");
2292                 log_info_buf(out.buf, out.buflen);
2293                 buf_output_free(&out);
2294         }
2295
2296         todo = thread_number;
2297         nr_running = 0;
2298         nr_started = 0;
2299         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
2300
2301         for_each_td(td, i) {
2302                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
2303
2304                 if (!td->o.create_serialize)
2305                         continue;
2306
2307                 if (fio_verify_load_state(td))
2308                         goto reap;
2309
2310                 /*
2311                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
2312                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
2313                  * client data interspersed on disk
2314                  */
2315                 if (setup_files(td)) {
2316 reap:
2317                         exit_value++;
2318                         if (td->error)
2319                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
2320                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
2321                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
2322                         todo--;
2323                 } else {
2324                         struct fio_file *f;
2325                         unsigned int j;
2326
2327                         /*
2328                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
2329                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
2330                          * for creation
2331                          */
2332                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
2333                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
2334                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
2335                         }
2336                 }
2337         }
2338
2339         /* start idle threads before io threads start to run */
2340         fio_idle_prof_start();
2341
2342         set_genesis_time();
2343
2344         while (todo) {
2345                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
2346                 struct timespec this_start;
2347                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
2348                 struct fork_data *fd;
2349
2350                 /*
2351                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
2352                  */
2353                 for_each_td(td, i) {
2354                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
2355                                 continue;
2356
2357                         /*
2358                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
2359                          * thread for some reason
2360                          */
2361                         if (td->terminate) {
2362                                 todo--;
2363                                 continue;
2364                         }
2365
2366                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
2367                                 spent = utime_since_genesis();
2368
2369                                 if (td->o.start_delay > spent)
2370                                         continue;
2371                         }
2372
2373                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
2374                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
2375                                                         td->o.name);
2376                                 break;
2377                         }
2378
2379                         if (waitee_running(td)) {
2380                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: waiting for %s\n",
2381                                                 td->o.name, td->o.wait_for);
2382                                 continue;
2383                         }
2384
2385                         init_disk_util(td);
2386
2387                         td->rusage_sem = fio_sem_init(FIO_SEM_LOCKED);
2388                         td->update_rusage = 0;
2389
2390                         /*
2391                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
2392                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
2393                          */
2394                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
2395                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
2396                         nr_started++;
2397
2398                         fd = calloc(1, sizeof(*fd));
2399                         fd->td = td;
2400                         fd->sk_out = sk_out;
2401
2402                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
2403                                 int ret;
2404
2405                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
2406                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
2407                                                         thread_main, fd);
2408                                 if (ret) {
2409                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
2410                                                         strerror(ret));
2411                                         free(fd);
2412                                         nr_started--;
2413                                         break;
2414                                 }
2415                                 fd = NULL;
2416                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
2417                                 if (ret)
2418                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
2419                                                         strerror(ret));
2420                         } else {
2421                                 pid_t pid;
2422                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
2423                                 pid = fork();
2424                                 if (!pid) {
2425                                         int ret;
2426
2427                                         ret = (int)(uintptr_t)thread_main(fd);
2428                                         _exit(ret);
2429                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
2430                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
2431                         }
2432                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_sem\n");
2433                         if (fio_sem_down_timeout(startup_sem, 10000)) {
2434                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
2435                                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, TERMINATE_ALL);
2436                                 fio_abort = true;
2437                                 nr_started--;
2438                                 free(fd);
2439                                 break;
2440                         }
2441                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_sem\n");
2442                 }
2443
2444                 /*
2445                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
2446                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
2447                  */
2448                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
2449                 left = this_jobs;
2450                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
2451                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
2452                                 break;
2453
2454                         do_usleep(100000);
2455
2456                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
2457                                 td = map[i];
2458                                 if (!td)
2459                                         continue;
2460                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
2461                                         map[i] = NULL;
2462                                         left--;
2463                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
2464                                         map[i] = NULL;
2465                                         left--;
2466                                         todo--;
2467                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
2468                                 }
2469                         }
2470                 }
2471
2472                 if (left) {
2473                         log_err("fio: %d job%s failed to start\n", left,
2474                                         left > 1 ? "s" : "");
2475                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
2476                                 td = map[i];
2477                                 if (!td)
2478                                         continue;
2479                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
2480                         }
2481                         break;
2482                 }
2483
2484                 /*
2485                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
2486                  */
2487                 for_each_td(td, i) {
2488                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
2489                                 continue;
2490
2491                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
2492                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
2493                         else
2494                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
2495                         nr_running++;
2496                         nr_started--;
2497                         m_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
2498                         t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
2499                         todo--;
2500                         fio_sem_up(td->sem);
2501                 }
2502
2503                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
2504
2505                 if (todo)
2506                         do_usleep(100000);
2507         }
2508
2509         while (nr_running) {
2510                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
2511                 do_usleep(10000);
2512         }
2513
2514         fio_idle_prof_stop();
2515
2516         update_io_ticks();
2517 }
2518
2519 static void free_disk_util(void)
2520 {
2521         disk_util_prune_entries();
2522         helper_thread_destroy();
2523 }
2524
2525 int fio_backend(struct sk_out *sk_out)
2526 {
2527         struct thread_data *td;
2528         int i;
2529
2530         if (exec_profile) {
2531                 if (load_profile(exec_profile))
2532                         return 1;
2533                 free(exec_profile);
2534                 exec_profile = NULL;
2535         }
2536         if (!thread_number)
2537                 return 0;
2538
2539         if (write_bw_log) {
2540                 struct log_params p = {
2541                         .log_type = IO_LOG_TYPE_BW,
2542                 };
2543
2544                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], &p, "agg-read_bw.log");
2545                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE], &p, "agg-write_bw.log");
2546                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], &p, "agg-trim_bw.log");
2547         }
2548
2549         startup_sem = fio_sem_init(FIO_SEM_LOCKED);
2550         if (!sk_out)
2551                 is_local_backend = true;
2552         if (startup_sem == NULL)
2553                 return 1;
2554
2555         set_genesis_time();
2556         stat_init();
2557         if (helper_thread_create(startup_sem, sk_out))
2558                 log_err("fio: failed to create helper thread\n");
2559
2560         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
2561         if (cgroup_list)
2562                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
2563
2564         run_threads(sk_out);
2565
2566         helper_thread_exit();
2567
2568         if (!fio_abort) {
2569                 __show_run_stats();
2570                 if (write_bw_log) {
2571                         for (i = 0; i < DDIR_RWDIR_CNT; i++) {
2572                                 struct io_log *log = agg_io_log[i];
2573
2574                                 flush_log(log, false);
2575                                 free_log(log);
2576                         }
2577                 }
2578         }
2579
2580         for_each_td(td, i) {
2581                 steadystate_free(td);
2582                 fio_options_free(td);
2583                 fio_dump_options_free(td);
2584                 if (td->rusage_sem) {
2585                         fio_sem_remove(td->rusage_sem);
2586                         td->rusage_sem = NULL;
2587                 }
2588                 fio_sem_remove(td->sem);
2589                 td->sem = NULL;
2590         }
2591
2592         free_disk_util();
2593         if (cgroup_list) {
2594                 cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
2595                 sfree(cgroup_list);
2596         }
2597
2598         fio_sem_remove(startup_sem);
2599         stat_exit();
2600         return exit_value;
2601 }