backend.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <time.h>
  30 #include <locale.h>
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <inttypes.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  37 #ifndef FIO_NO_HAVE_SHM_H
  38 #include <sys/shm.h>
  39 #endif
  40 #include <sys/mman.h>
  41
  42 #include "fio.h"
  43 #include "hash.h"
  44 #include "smalloc.h"
  45 #include "verify.h"
  46 #include "trim.h"
  47 #include "diskutil.h"
  48 #include "cgroup.h"
  49 #include "profile.h"
  50 #include "lib/rand.h"
  51 #include "memalign.h"
  52 #include "server.h"
  53
  54 static pthread_t disk_util_thread;
  55 static struct fio_mutex *disk_thread_mutex;
  56 static struct fio_mutex *startup_mutex;
  57 static struct fio_mutex *writeout_mutex;
  58 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  59 static char *cgroup_mnt;
  60 static int exit_value;
  61 static volatile int fio_abort;
  62 static unsigned int nr_process = 0;
  63 static unsigned int nr_thread = 0;
  64
  65 struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
  66
  67 int groupid = 0;
  68 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
  69 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
  70 int shm_id = 0;
  71 int temp_stall_ts;
  72 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  73 volatile int disk_util_exit = 0;
  74
  75 #define PAGE_ALIGN(buf) \
  76         (char *) (((uintptr_t) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  77
  78 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  79
  80 static void sig_int(int sig)
  81 {
  82         if (threads) {
  83                 if (is_backend)
  84                         fio_server_got_signal(sig);
  85                 else {
  86                         log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  87                         fflush(stdout);
  88                         exit_value = 128;
  89                 }
  90
  91                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
  92         }
  93 }
  94
  95 static void sig_show_status(int sig)
  96 {
  97         show_running_run_stats();
  98 }
  99
 100 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 101 {
 102         struct sigaction act;
 103
 104         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 105         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 106         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 107         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 108
 109         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 110         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 111         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 112         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 113
 114 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 115 #ifdef WIN32
 116         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 117         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 118         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 119         sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 120 #endif
 121
 122         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 123         act.sa_handler = sig_show_status;
 124         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 125         sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
 126
 127         if (is_backend) {
 128                 memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 129                 act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 130                 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 131                 sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
 132         }
 133 }
 134
 135 /*
 136  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 137  */
 138 static int __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 139                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 140 {
 141         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 142         unsigned long iops = 0;
 143         unsigned long spent;
 144         unsigned long rate;
 145         unsigned int ratemin = 0;
 146         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 147         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 148
 149         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 150
 151         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 152                 return 0;
 153
 154         /*
 155          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 156          */
 157         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 158                 return 0;
 159
 160         iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
 161         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 162         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 163         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 164         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 165
 166         /*
 167          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 168          */
 169         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 170                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 171                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 172                         return 0;
 173
 174                 if (td->o.rate[ddir]) {
 175                         /*
 176                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 177                          */
 178                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 179                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name,
 180                                                                 ratemin);
 181                                 return 1;
 182                         } else {
 183                                 rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 184                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 185                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 186                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got"
 187                                                 " %luKB/sec\n", td->o.name,
 188                                                         ratemin, rate);
 189                                         return 1;
 190                                 }
 191                         }
 192                 } else {
 193                         /*
 194                          * checks iops specified rate
 195                          */
 196                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 197                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n",
 198                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops);
 199                                 return 1;
 200                         } else {
 201                                 rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 202                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 203                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 204                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met,"
 205                                                 " got %lu\n", td->o.name,
 206                                                         rate_iops_min, rate);
 207                                 }
 208                         }
 209                 }
 210         }
 211
 212         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 213         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 214         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 215         return 0;
 216 }
 217
 218 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 219                           unsigned long *bytes_done)
 220 {
 221         int ret = 0;
 222
 223         if (bytes_done[DDIR_READ])
 224                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_READ);
 225         if (bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE])
 226                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_WRITE);
 227         if (bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM])
 228                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_TRIM);
 229
 230         return ret;
 231 }
 232
 233 /*
 234  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 235  * io. Attempt to do so.
 236  */
 237 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 238 {
 239         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 240         struct io_u *io_u;
 241         int r;
 242
 243         /*
 244          * get immediately available events, if any
 245          */
 246         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0, NULL);
 247         if (r < 0)
 248                 return;
 249
 250         /*
 251          * now cancel remaining active events
 252          */
 253         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 254                 flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
 255                         io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 256
 257                         /*
 258                          * if the io_u isn't in flight, then that generally
 259                          * means someone leaked an io_u. complain but fix
 260                          * it up, so we don't stall here.
 261                          */
 262                         if ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) == 0) {
 263                                 log_err("fio: non-busy IO on busy list\n");
 264                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 265                         } else {
 266                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 267                                 if (!r)
 268                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 269                         }
 270                 }
 271         }
 272
 273         if (td->cur_depth)
 274                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 275 }
 276
 277 /*
 278  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 279  * io path, just does everything sync.
 280  */
 281 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 282 {
 283         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 284         int ret;
 285
 286         if (!io_u)
 287                 return 1;
 288
 289         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 290         io_u->file = f;
 291
 292         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 293                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 294                 return 1;
 295         }
 296
 297 requeue:
 298         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 299         if (ret < 0) {
 300                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 301                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 302                 return 1;
 303         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 304                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1, NULL) < 0)
 305                         return 1;
 306         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 307                 if (io_u->error) {
 308                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 309                         return 1;
 310                 }
 311
 312                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL) < 0)
 313                         return 1;
 314         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 315                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 316                         return 1;
 317                 goto requeue;
 318         }
 319
 320         return 0;
 321 }
 322
 323 static inline void __update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 324 {
 325         fio_gettime(&td->tv_cache, NULL);
 326 }
 327
 328 static inline void update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 329 {
 330         if ((++td->tv_cache_nr & td->tv_cache_mask) == td->tv_cache_mask)
 331                 __update_tv_cache(td);
 332 }
 333
 334 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 335 {
 336         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 337                 return 0;
 338         if (!td->o.timeout)
 339                 return 0;
 340         if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout * 1000)
 341                 return 1;
 342
 343         return 0;
 344 }
 345
 346 static int break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 347                                int *retptr)
 348 {
 349         int ret = *retptr;
 350
 351         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 352                 int err = td->error;
 353                 enum error_type_bit eb;
 354
 355                 if (ret < 0)
 356                         err = -ret;
 357
 358                 eb = td_error_type(ddir, err);
 359                 if (!(td->o.continue_on_error & (1 << eb)))
 360                         return 1;
 361
 362                 if (td_non_fatal_error(td, eb, err)) {
 363                         /*
 364                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 365                          * a non fatal error.
 366                          */
 367                         update_error_count(td, err);
 368                         td_clear_error(td);
 369                         *retptr = 0;
 370                         return 0;
 371                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
 372                         /*
 373                          * We expect to hit this error if
 374                          * fill_device option is set.
 375                          */
 376                         td_clear_error(td);
 377                         td->terminate = 1;
 378                         return 1;
 379                 } else {
 380                         /*
 381                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 382                          * error.
 383                          */
 384                         update_error_count(td, err);
 385                         return 1;
 386                 }
 387         }
 388
 389         return 0;
 390 }
 391
 392 /*
 393  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 394  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 395  */
 396 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td)
 397 {
 398         struct fio_file *f;
 399         struct io_u *io_u;
 400         int ret, min_events;
 401         unsigned int i;
 402
 403         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 404
 405         /*
 406          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 407          * read from disk.
 408          */
 409         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 410                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 411                         continue;
 412                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 413                         break;
 414                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 415                         break;
 416         }
 417
 418         if (td->error)
 419                 return;
 420
 421         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 422
 423         io_u = NULL;
 424         while (!td->terminate) {
 425                 int ret2, full;
 426
 427                 update_tv_cache(td);
 428
 429                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 430                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 431                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 432                                 td->terminate = 1;
 433                                 break;
 434                         }
 435                 }
 436
 437                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 438                         continue;
 439
 440                 io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 441                 if (!io_u)
 442                         break;
 443
 444                 if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 445                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 446                         break;
 447                 }
 448
 449                 if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 450                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 451                         break;
 452                 }
 453
 454                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 455                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 456                 else
 457                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 458
 459                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 460                 switch (ret) {
 461                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 462                         if (io_u->error) {
 463                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 464                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 465                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 466                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 467
 468                                 /*
 469                                  * zero read, fail
 470                                  */
 471                                 if (!bytes) {
 472                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 473                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 474                                         break;
 475                                 }
 476
 477                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 478                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 479                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 480
 481                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 482                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 483
 484                                 f = io_u->file;
 485                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 486                                         goto sync_done;
 487
 488                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 489                         } else {
 490 sync_done:
 491                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL);
 492                                 if (ret < 0)
 493                                         break;
 494                         }
 495                         continue;
 496                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 497                         break;
 498                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 499                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 500                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 501                         if (ret2 < 0)
 502                                 ret = ret2;
 503                         break;
 504                 default:
 505                         assert(ret < 0);
 506                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 507                         break;
 508                 }
 509
 510                 if (break_on_this_error(td, io_u->ddir, &ret))
 511                         break;
 512
 513                 /*
 514                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 515                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 516                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 517                  */
 518                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 519                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 520                         min_events = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 521                                          td->cur_depth);
 522                         /*
 523                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 524                          */
 525                         if (full && !min_events)
 526                                 min_events = 1;
 527
 528                         do {
 529                                 /*
 530                                  * Reap required number of io units, if any,
 531                                  * and do the verification on them through
 532                                  * the callback handler
 533                                  */
 534                                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL) < 0) {
 535                                         ret = -1;
 536                                         break;
 537                                 }
 538                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 539                 }
 540                 if (ret < 0)
 541                         break;
 542         }
 543
 544         if (!td->error) {
 545                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 546
 547                 if (min_events)
 548                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL);
 549         } else
 550                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 551
 552         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 553
 554         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 555 }
 556
 557 static int io_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 558 {
 559         unsigned long long bytes;
 560
 561         if (td_rw(td))
 562                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 563         else if (td_write(td))
 564                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 565         else if (td_read(td))
 566                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 567         else
 568                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
 569
 570         return bytes >= td->o.size;
 571 }
 572
 573 /*
 574  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 575  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 576  */
 577 static void do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 578 {
 579         unsigned int i;
 580         int ret = 0;
 581
 582         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 583                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 584         else
 585                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 586
 587         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 588                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
 589                 td->o.time_based) {
 590                 struct timeval comp_time;
 591                 unsigned long bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 592                 int min_evts = 0;
 593                 struct io_u *io_u;
 594                 int ret2, full;
 595                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 596
 597                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
 598                         break;
 599
 600                 update_tv_cache(td);
 601
 602                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 603                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 604                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 605                                 td->terminate = 1;
 606                                 break;
 607                         }
 608                 }
 609
 610                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 611                         continue;
 612
 613                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 614                 if (!io_u)
 615                         break;
 616
 617                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 618
 619                 /*
 620                  * Add verification end_io handler if:
 621                  *      - Asked to verify (!td_rw(td))
 622                  *      - Or the io_u is from our verify list (mixed write/ver)
 623                  */
 624                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
 625                     ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_VER_LIST) || !td_rw(td))) {
 626                         if (td->o.verify_async)
 627                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 628                         else
 629                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 630                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 631                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
 632                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 633                 else
 634                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 635
 636                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 637                 switch (ret) {
 638                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 639                         if (io_u->error) {
 640                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 641                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 642                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 643                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 644                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 645
 646                                 /*
 647                                  * zero read, fail
 648                                  */
 649                                 if (!bytes) {
 650                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 651                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 652                                         break;
 653                                 }
 654
 655                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 656                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 657                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 658
 659                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 660                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 661
 662                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 663                                         goto sync_done;
 664
 665                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 666                         } else {
 667 sync_done:
 668                                 if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 669                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 670                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 671                                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 672
 673                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 674                                 if (ret < 0)
 675                                         break;
 676                         }
 677                         break;
 678                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 679                         /*
 680                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 681                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 682                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 683                          */
 684                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 685                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 686                         break;
 687                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 688                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 689                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 690                         if (ret2 < 0)
 691                                 ret = ret2;
 692                         break;
 693                 default:
 694                         assert(ret < 0);
 695                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 696                         break;
 697                 }
 698
 699                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 700                         break;
 701
 702                 /*
 703                  * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that we
 704                  * can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the system is
 705                  * resource starved.
 706                  */
 707                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 708                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 709                         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 710                                         td->cur_depth);
 711                         /*
 712                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 713                          */
 714                         if (full && !min_evts)
 715                                 min_evts = 1;
 716
 717                         if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 718                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 719                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 720                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 721
 722                         do {
 723                                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts, bytes_done);
 724                                 if (ret < 0)
 725                                         break;
 726
 727                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 728                 }
 729
 730                 if (ret < 0)
 731                         break;
 732                 if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) && !(td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO))
 733                         continue;
 734
 735                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td, bytes_done)) {
 736                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time, bytes_done)) {
 737                                 if (exitall_on_terminate)
 738                                         fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 739                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
 740                                 break;
 741                         }
 742                 }
 743
 744                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 745                         unsigned long long b;
 746
 747                         b = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
 748                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 749                                 int left;
 750
 751                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 752                                         usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 753
 754                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 755                                 if (left)
 756                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 757                         }
 758                 }
 759         }
 760
 761         if (td->trim_entries)
 762                 log_err("fio: %d trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
 763
 764         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
 765                 td->error = 0;
 766                 td->terminate = 1;
 767         }
 768         if (!td->error) {
 769                 struct fio_file *f;
 770
 771                 i = td->cur_depth;
 772                 if (i) {
 773                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i, NULL);
 774                         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
 775                                 td->error = 0;
 776                 }
 777
 778                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 779                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 780
 781                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 782                                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 783                                         continue;
 784                                 fio_io_sync(td, f);
 785                         }
 786                 }
 787         } else
 788                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 789
 790         /*
 791          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
 792          */
 793         if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_bytes))
 794                 td->done = 1;
 795 }
 796
 797 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 798 {
 799         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 800         struct io_u *io_u;
 801
 802         flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
 803                 io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 804
 805                 flist_del(&io_u->list);
 806
 807                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_free)
 808                         td->io_ops->io_u_free(td, io_u);
 809
 810                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u));
 811         }
 812
 813         free_io_mem(td);
 814 }
 815
 816 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 817 {
 818         struct io_u *io_u;
 819         unsigned int max_bs, min_write;
 820         int cl_align, i, max_units;
 821         int data_xfer = 1;
 822         char *p;
 823
 824         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 825         max_bs = max(td->o.max_bs[DDIR_READ], td->o.max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]);
 826         max_bs = max(td->o.max_bs[DDIR_TRIM], max_bs);
 827         min_write = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 828         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
 829                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 830
 831         if ((td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO) || !(td_read(td) || td_write(td)))
 832                 data_xfer = 0;
 833
 834         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
 835                 unsigned long bs;
 836
 837                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
 838                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
 839         }
 840
 841         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
 842                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
 843                 return 1;
 844         }
 845
 846         if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
 847                 return 1;
 848
 849         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
 850             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 851                 p = PAGE_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer) + td->o.mem_align;
 852         else
 853                 p = td->orig_buffer;
 854
 855         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
 856
 857         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 858                 void *ptr;
 859
 860                 if (td->terminate)
 861                         return 1;
 862
 863                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u));
 864                 if (!ptr) {
 865                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
 866                         break;
 867                 }
 868
 869                 io_u = ptr;
 870                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 871                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);
 872                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
 873
 874                 if (data_xfer) {
 875                         io_u->buf = p;
 876                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
 877
 878                         if (td_write(td))
 879                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, min_write, max_bs);
 880                         if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
 881                                 /*
 882                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
 883                                  * going to be doing writes.
 884                                  */
 885                                 fill_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
 886                         }
 887                 }
 888
 889                 io_u->index = i;
 890                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
 891                 flist_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
 892
 893                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_init) {
 894                         int ret = td->io_ops->io_u_init(td, io_u);
 895
 896                         if (ret) {
 897                                 log_err("fio: failed to init engine data: %d\n", ret);
 898                                 return 1;
 899                         }
 900                 }
 901
 902                 p += max_bs;
 903         }
 904
 905         return 0;
 906 }
 907
 908 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 909 {
 910         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
 911         FILE *f;
 912         int ret;
 913
 914         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
 915                 return 0;
 916
 917         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
 918
 919         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
 920         if (!f) {
 921                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 922                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
 923                                 " switching\n");
 924                         return 0;
 925                 }
 926                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
 927                 return 1;
 928         }
 929
 930         /*
 931          * Set io scheduler.
 932          */
 933         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
 934         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
 935                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
 936                 fclose(f);
 937                 return 1;
 938         }
 939
 940         rewind(f);
 941
 942         /*
 943          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
 944          */
 945         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
 946         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
 947                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
 948                 fclose(f);
 949                 return 1;
 950         }
 951
 952         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
 953         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
 954                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
 955                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
 956                 fclose(f);
 957                 return 1;
 958         }
 959
 960         fclose(f);
 961         return 0;
 962 }
 963
 964 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
 965 {
 966         if (td->done)
 967                 return 0;
 968         if (td->o.time_based)
 969                 return 1;
 970         if (td->o.loops) {
 971                 td->o.loops--;
 972                 return 1;
 973         }
 974
 975         if (ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes) < td->o.size)
 976                 return 1;
 977
 978         return 0;
 979 }
 980
 981 static int exec_string(const char *string)
 982 {
 983         int ret, newlen = strlen(string) + 1 + 8;
 984         char *str;
 985
 986         str = malloc(newlen);
 987         sprintf(str, "sh -c %s", string);
 988
 989         ret = system(str);
 990         if (ret == -1)
 991                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
 992
 993         free(str);
 994         return ret;
 995 }
 996
 997 /*
 998  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
 999  * here as well, after a little setup.
1000  */
1001 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1002 {
1003         unsigned long long elapsed;
1004         struct thread_data *td = data;
1005         struct thread_options *o = &td->o;
1006         pthread_condattr_t attr;
1007         int clear_state;
1008         int ret;
1009
1010         if (!o->use_thread) {
1011                 setsid();
1012                 td->pid = getpid();
1013         } else
1014                 td->pid = gettid();
1015
1016         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1017
1018         if (is_backend)
1019                 fio_server_send_start(td);
1020
1021         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
1022         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
1023         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_requeues);
1024         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1025         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1026         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1027         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1028         pthread_mutex_init(&td->io_u_lock, NULL);
1029         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1030
1031         pthread_condattr_init(&attr);
1032         pthread_cond_init(&td->verify_cond, &attr);
1033         pthread_cond_init(&td->free_cond, &attr);
1034
1035         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1036         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_mutex\n");
1037         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1038         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->mutex\n");
1039         fio_mutex_down(td->mutex);
1040         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->mutex\n");
1041
1042         /*
1043          * the ->mutex mutex is now no longer used, close it to avoid
1044          * eating a file descriptor
1045          */
1046         fio_mutex_remove(td->mutex);
1047         td->mutex = NULL;
1048
1049         /*
1050          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1051          * the uid.
1052          */
1053         if (o->gid != -1U && setgid(o->gid)) {
1054                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1055                 goto err;
1056         }
1057         if (o->uid != -1U && setuid(o->uid)) {
1058                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1059                 goto err;
1060         }
1061
1062         /*
1063          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1064          * thread from this job
1065          */
1066         if (o->gtod_cpu)
1067                 fio_cpu_clear(&o->cpumask, o->gtod_cpu);
1068
1069         /*
1070          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1071          * allocations.
1072          */
1073         if (o->cpumask_set) {
1074                 ret = fio_setaffinity(td->pid, o->cpumask);
1075                 if (ret == -1) {
1076                         td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1077                         goto err;
1078                 }
1079         }
1080
1081         if (fio_pin_memory(td))
1082                 goto err;
1083
1084 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_LIBNUMA
1085         /* numa node setup */
1086         if (td->o.numa_cpumask_set || td->o.numa_memmask_set) {
1087                 int ret;
1088
1089                 if (numa_available() < 0) {
1090                         td_verror(td, errno, "Does not support NUMA API\n");
1091                         goto err;
1092                 }
1093
1094                 if (td->o.numa_cpumask_set) {
1095                         ret = numa_run_on_node_mask(td->o.numa_cpunodesmask);
1096                         if (ret == -1) {
1097                                 td_verror(td, errno, \
1098                                         "numa_run_on_node_mask failed\n");
1099                                 goto err;
1100                         }
1101                 }
1102
1103                 if (td->o.numa_memmask_set) {
1104
1105                         switch (td->o.numa_mem_mode) {
1106                         case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
1107                                 numa_set_interleave_mask(td->o.numa_memnodesmask);
1108                                 break;
1109                         case MPOL_BIND:
1110                                 numa_set_membind(td->o.numa_memnodesmask);
1111                                 break;
1112                         case MPOL_LOCAL:
1113                                 numa_set_localalloc();
1114                                 break;
1115                         case MPOL_PREFERRED:
1116                                 numa_set_preferred(td->o.numa_mem_prefer_node);
1117                                 break;
1118                         case MPOL_DEFAULT:
1119                         default:
1120                                 break;
1121                         }
1122
1123                 }
1124         }
1125 #endif
1126
1127         /*
1128          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1129          * do this first.
1130          */
1131         if (init_iolog(td))
1132                 goto err;
1133
1134         if (init_io_u(td))
1135                 goto err;
1136
1137         if (o->verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1138                 goto err;
1139
1140         if (o->ioprio) {
1141                 ret = ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
1142                 if (ret == -1) {
1143                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1144                         goto err;
1145                 }
1146         }
1147
1148         if (td->o.cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1149                 goto err;
1150
1151         errno = 0;
1152         if (nice(o->nice) == -1 && errno != 0) {
1153                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1154                 goto err;
1155         }
1156
1157         if (o->ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1158                 goto err;
1159
1160         if (!o->create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1161                 goto err;
1162
1163         if (td_io_init(td))
1164                 goto err;
1165
1166         if (init_random_map(td))
1167                 goto err;
1168
1169         if (o->exec_prerun && exec_string(o->exec_prerun))
1170                 goto err;
1171
1172         if (o->pre_read) {
1173                 if (pre_read_files(td) < 0)
1174                         goto err;
1175         }
1176
1177         fio_verify_init(td);
1178
1179         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
1180         getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ru_start);
1181
1182         clear_state = 0;
1183         while (keep_running(td)) {
1184                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1185                 memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1186                 memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1187                 memcpy(&td->tv_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1188
1189                 if (td->o.ratemin[DDIR_READ] || td->o.ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
1190                                 td->o.ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1191                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
1192                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1193                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
1194                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1195                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
1196                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1197                 }
1198
1199                 if (clear_state)
1200                         clear_io_state(td);
1201
1202                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1203
1204                 do_io(td);
1205
1206                 clear_state = 1;
1207
1208                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
1209                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1210                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
1211                 }
1212                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
1213                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1214                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
1215                 }
1216                 if (td_trim(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1217                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1218                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] += elapsed;
1219                 }
1220
1221                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1222                         break;
1223
1224                 if (!td->o.do_verify ||
1225                     td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1226                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
1227                         continue;
1228
1229                 clear_io_state(td);
1230
1231                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1232
1233                 do_verify(td);
1234
1235                 td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
1236
1237                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1238                         break;
1239         }
1240
1241         update_rusage_stat(td);
1242         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] + 999) / 1000;
1243         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] + 999) / 1000;
1244         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] + 999) / 1000;
1245         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1246         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_READ] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
1247         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
1248         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
1249
1250         fio_unpin_memory(td);
1251
1252         fio_mutex_down(writeout_mutex);
1253         if (td->bw_log) {
1254                 if (td->o.bw_log_file) {
1255                         finish_log_named(td, td->bw_log,
1256                                                 td->o.bw_log_file, "bw");
1257                 } else
1258                         finish_log(td, td->bw_log, "bw");
1259         }
1260         if (td->lat_log) {
1261                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1262                         finish_log_named(td, td->lat_log,
1263                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "lat");
1264                 } else
1265                         finish_log(td, td->lat_log, "lat");
1266         }
1267         if (td->slat_log) {
1268                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1269                         finish_log_named(td, td->slat_log,
1270                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "slat");
1271                 } else
1272                         finish_log(td, td->slat_log, "slat");
1273         }
1274         if (td->clat_log) {
1275                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1276                         finish_log_named(td, td->clat_log,
1277                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "clat");
1278                 } else
1279                         finish_log(td, td->clat_log, "clat");
1280         }
1281         if (td->iops_log) {
1282                 if (td->o.iops_log_file) {
1283                         finish_log_named(td, td->iops_log,
1284                                                 td->o.iops_log_file, "iops");
1285                 } else
1286                         finish_log(td, td->iops_log, "iops");
1287         }
1288
1289         fio_mutex_up(writeout_mutex);
1290         if (td->o.exec_postrun)
1291                 exec_string(td->o.exec_postrun);
1292
1293         if (exitall_on_terminate)
1294                 fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
1295
1296 err:
1297         if (td->error)
1298                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1299                                                         td->verror);
1300
1301         if (td->o.verify_async)
1302                 verify_async_exit(td);
1303
1304         close_and_free_files(td);
1305         cleanup_io_u(td);
1306         close_ioengine(td);
1307         cgroup_shutdown(td, &cgroup_mnt);
1308
1309         if (o->cpumask_set) {
1310                 int ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&o->cpumask);
1311
1312                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1313         }
1314
1315         /*
1316          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1317          */
1318         if (td->o.write_iolog_file)
1319                 write_iolog_close(td);
1320
1321         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1322         return (void *) (uintptr_t) td->error;
1323 }
1324
1325
1326 /*
1327  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
1328  * pass it to the thread worker.
1329  */
1330 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
1331 {
1332         struct thread_data *td;
1333         void *data, *ret;
1334
1335 #ifndef __hpux
1336         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
1337         if (data == (void *) -1) {
1338                 int __err = errno;
1339
1340                 perror("shmat");
1341                 return __err;
1342         }
1343 #else
1344         /*
1345          * HP-UX inherits shm mappings?
1346          */
1347         data = threads;
1348 #endif
1349
1350         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
1351         ret = thread_main(td);
1352         shmdt(data);
1353         return (int) (uintptr_t) ret;
1354 }
1355
1356 /*
1357  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1358  */
1359 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, unsigned int *t_rate,
1360                          unsigned int *m_rate)
1361 {
1362         struct thread_data *td;
1363         unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
1364         int i, status, ret;
1365
1366         /*
1367          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
1368          */
1369         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
1370         for_each_td(td, i) {
1371                 int flags = 0;
1372
1373                 /*
1374                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1375                  * io engine
1376                  */
1377                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1378                         cputhreads++;
1379                 else
1380                         realthreads++;
1381
1382                 if (!td->pid) {
1383                         pending++;
1384                         continue;
1385                 }
1386                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1387                         continue;
1388                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1389                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1390                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1391                                 goto reaped;
1392                         }
1393                         continue;
1394                 }
1395
1396                 flags = WNOHANG;
1397                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1398                         flags = 0;
1399
1400                 /*
1401                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1402                  */
1403                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1404                 if (ret < 0) {
1405                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1406                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
1407                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
1408                                 td->sig = ECHILD;
1409                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1410                                 goto reaped;
1411                         }
1412                         perror("waitpid");
1413                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1414                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1415                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1416
1417                                 if (sig != SIGTERM && sig != SIGUSR2)
1418                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
1419                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
1420                                 td->sig = sig;
1421                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1422                                 goto reaped;
1423                         }
1424                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1425                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1426                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1427
1428                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1429                                 goto reaped;
1430                         }
1431                 }
1432
1433                 /*
1434                  * thread is not dead, continue
1435                  */
1436                 pending++;
1437                 continue;
1438 reaped:
1439                 (*nr_running)--;
1440                 (*m_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1441                 (*t_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1442                 if (!td->pid)
1443                         pending--;
1444
1445                 if (td->error)
1446                         exit_value++;
1447
1448                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
1449         }
1450
1451         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
1452                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1453 }
1454
1455 /*
1456  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1457  */
1458 static void run_threads(void)
1459 {
1460         struct thread_data *td;
1461         unsigned long spent;
1462         unsigned int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1463
1464         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
1465                 return;
1466
1467         set_sig_handlers();
1468
1469         nr_thread = nr_process = 0;
1470         for_each_td(td, i) {
1471                 if (td->o.use_thread)
1472                         nr_thread++;
1473                 else
1474                         nr_process++;
1475         }
1476
1477         if (output_format == FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
1478                 log_info("Starting ");
1479                 if (nr_thread)
1480                         log_info("%d thread%s", nr_thread,
1481                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1482                 if (nr_process) {
1483                         if (nr_thread)
1484                                 log_info(" and ");
1485                         log_info("%d process%s", nr_process,
1486                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1487                 }
1488                 log_info("\n");
1489                 fflush(stdout);
1490         }
1491
1492         todo = thread_number;
1493         nr_running = 0;
1494         nr_started = 0;
1495         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1496
1497         for_each_td(td, i) {
1498                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1499
1500                 if (!td->o.create_serialize)
1501                         continue;
1502
1503                 /*
1504                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1505                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1506                  * client data interspersed on disk
1507                  */
1508                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1509                         exit_value++;
1510                         if (td->error)
1511                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
1512                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1513                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1514                         todo--;
1515                 } else {
1516                         struct fio_file *f;
1517                         unsigned int j;
1518
1519                         /*
1520                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
1521                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
1522                          * for creation
1523                          */
1524                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
1525                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
1526                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
1527                         }
1528                 }
1529         }
1530
1531         set_genesis_time();
1532
1533         while (todo) {
1534                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
1535                 struct timeval this_start;
1536                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1537
1538                 /*
1539                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1540                  */
1541                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1542                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1543                                 continue;
1544
1545                         /*
1546                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1547                          * thread for some reason
1548                          */
1549                         if (td->terminate) {
1550                                 todo--;
1551                                 continue;
1552                         }
1553
1554                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1555                                 spent = mtime_since_genesis();
1556
1557                                 if (td->o.start_delay * 1000 > spent)
1558                                         continue;
1559                         }
1560
1561                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
1562                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
1563                                                         td->o.name);
1564                                 break;
1565                         }
1566
1567                         init_disk_util(td);
1568
1569                         /*
1570                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1571                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1572                          */
1573                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1574                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1575                         nr_started++;
1576
1577                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1578                                 int ret;
1579
1580                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
1581                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
1582                                                         thread_main, td);
1583                                 if (ret) {
1584                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
1585                                                         strerror(ret));
1586                                         nr_started--;
1587                                         break;
1588                                 }
1589                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
1590                                 if (ret)
1591                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
1592                                                         strerror(ret));
1593                         } else {
1594                                 pid_t pid;
1595                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
1596                                 pid = fork();
1597                                 if (!pid) {
1598                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1599
1600                                         _exit(ret);
1601                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
1602                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
1603                         }
1604                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1605                         if (fio_mutex_down_timeout(startup_mutex, 10)) {
1606                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
1607                                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1608                                 fio_abort = 1;
1609                                 nr_started--;
1610                                 break;
1611                         }
1612                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1613                 }
1614
1615                 /*
1616                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1617                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1618                  */
1619                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1620                 left = this_jobs;
1621                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1622                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1623                                 break;
1624
1625                         usleep(100000);
1626
1627                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1628                                 td = map[i];
1629                                 if (!td)
1630                                         continue;
1631                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1632                                         map[i] = NULL;
1633                                         left--;
1634                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1635                                         map[i] = NULL;
1636                                         left--;
1637                                         todo--;
1638                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1639                                 }
1640                         }
1641                 }
1642
1643                 if (left) {
1644                         log_err("fio: %d job%s failed to start\n", left,
1645                                         left > 1 ? "s" : "");
1646                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1647                                 td = map[i];
1648                                 if (!td)
1649                                         continue;
1650                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1651                         }
1652                         break;
1653                 }
1654
1655                 /*
1656                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1657                  */
1658                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1659                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1660                                 continue;
1661
1662                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
1663                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1664                         else
1665                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1666                         nr_running++;
1667                         nr_started--;
1668                         m_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1669                         t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1670                         todo--;
1671                         fio_mutex_up(td->mutex);
1672                 }
1673
1674                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1675
1676                 if (todo)
1677                         usleep(100000);
1678         }
1679
1680         while (nr_running) {
1681                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1682                 usleep(10000);
1683         }
1684
1685         update_io_ticks();
1686 }
1687
1688 void wait_for_disk_thread_exit(void)
1689 {
1690         fio_mutex_down(disk_thread_mutex);
1691 }
1692
1693 static void free_disk_util(void)
1694 {
1695         disk_util_start_exit();
1696         wait_for_disk_thread_exit();
1697         disk_util_prune_entries();
1698 }
1699
1700 static void *disk_thread_main(void *data)
1701 {
1702         int ret = 0;
1703
1704         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1705
1706         while (threads && !ret) {
1707                 usleep(DISK_UTIL_MSEC * 1000);
1708                 if (!threads)
1709                         break;
1710                 ret = update_io_ticks();
1711
1712                 if (!is_backend)
1713                         print_thread_status();
1714         }
1715
1716         fio_mutex_up(disk_thread_mutex);
1717         return NULL;
1718 }
1719
1720 static int create_disk_util_thread(void)
1721 {
1722         int ret;
1723
1724         setup_disk_util();
1725
1726         disk_thread_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1727
1728         ret = pthread_create(&disk_util_thread, NULL, disk_thread_main, NULL);
1729         if (ret) {
1730                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1731                 log_err("Can't create disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1732                 return 1;
1733         }
1734
1735         ret = pthread_detach(disk_util_thread);
1736         if (ret) {
1737                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1738                 log_err("Can't detatch disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1739                 return 1;
1740         }
1741
1742         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1743         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
1744         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1745         return 0;
1746 }
1747
1748 int fio_backend(void)
1749 {
1750         struct thread_data *td;
1751         int i;
1752
1753         if (exec_profile) {
1754                 if (load_profile(exec_profile))
1755                         return 1;
1756                 free(exec_profile);
1757                 exec_profile = NULL;
1758         }
1759         if (!thread_number)
1760                 return 0;
1761
1762         if (write_bw_log) {
1763                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1764                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1765                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1766         }
1767
1768         startup_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1769         if (startup_mutex == NULL)
1770                 return 1;
1771         writeout_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_UNLOCKED);
1772         if (writeout_mutex == NULL)
1773                 return 1;
1774
1775         set_genesis_time();
1776         create_disk_util_thread();
1777
1778         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
1779         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
1780
1781         run_threads();
1782
1783         if (!fio_abort) {
1784                 show_run_stats();
1785                 if (write_bw_log) {
1786                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], "agg-read_bw.log");
1787                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],
1788                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1789                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM],
1790                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1791                 }
1792         }
1793
1794         for_each_td(td, i)
1795                 fio_options_free(td);
1796
1797         free_disk_util();
1798         cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
1799         sfree(cgroup_list);
1800         sfree(cgroup_mnt);
1801
1802         fio_mutex_remove(startup_mutex);
1803         fio_mutex_remove(writeout_mutex);
1804         fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1805         return exit_value;
1806 }