afs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
[linux-block.git] / io_uring / opdef.c
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * io_uring opcode handling table
4  */
5 #include <linux/kernel.h>
6 #include <linux/errno.h>
7 #include <linux/fs.h>
8 #include <linux/file.h>
9 #include <linux/io_uring.h>
10
11 #include "io_uring.h"
12 #include "opdef.h"
13 #include "refs.h"
14 #include "tctx.h"
15 #include "sqpoll.h"
16 #include "fdinfo.h"
17 #include "kbuf.h"
18 #include "rsrc.h"
19
20 #include "xattr.h"
21 #include "nop.h"
22 #include "fs.h"
23 #include "splice.h"
24 #include "sync.h"
25 #include "advise.h"
26 #include "openclose.h"
27 #include "uring_cmd.h"
28 #include "epoll.h"
29 #include "statx.h"
30 #include "net.h"
31 #include "msg_ring.h"
32 #include "timeout.h"
33 #include "poll.h"
34 #include "cancel.h"
35 #include "rw.h"
36
37 static int io_no_issue(struct io_kiocb *req, unsigned int issue_flags)
38 {
39         WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
40         return -ECANCELED;
41 }
42
43 static __maybe_unused int io_eopnotsupp_prep(struct io_kiocb *kiocb,
44                                              const struct io_uring_sqe *sqe)
45 {
46         return -EOPNOTSUPP;
47 }
48
49 const struct io_issue_def io_issue_defs[] = {
50         [IORING_OP_NOP] = {
51                 .audit_skip             = 1,
52                 .iopoll                 = 1,
53                 .prep                   = io_nop_prep,
54                 .issue                  = io_nop,
55         },
56         [IORING_OP_READV] = {
57                 .needs_file             = 1,
58                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
59                 .pollin                 = 1,
60                 .buffer_select          = 1,
61                 .plug                   = 1,
62                 .audit_skip             = 1,
63                 .ioprio                 = 1,
64                 .iopoll                 = 1,
65                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
66                 .prep                   = io_prep_rw,
67                 .issue                  = io_read,
68         },
69         [IORING_OP_WRITEV] = {
70                 .needs_file             = 1,
71                 .hash_reg_file          = 1,
72                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
73                 .pollout                = 1,
74                 .plug                   = 1,
75                 .audit_skip             = 1,
76                 .ioprio                 = 1,
77                 .iopoll                 = 1,
78                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
79                 .prep                   = io_prep_rw,
80                 .issue                  = io_write,
81         },
82         [IORING_OP_FSYNC] = {
83                 .needs_file             = 1,
84                 .audit_skip             = 1,
85                 .prep                   = io_fsync_prep,
86                 .issue                  = io_fsync,
87         },
88         [IORING_OP_READ_FIXED] = {
89                 .needs_file             = 1,
90                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
91                 .pollin                 = 1,
92                 .plug                   = 1,
93                 .audit_skip             = 1,
94                 .ioprio                 = 1,
95                 .iopoll                 = 1,
96                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
97                 .prep                   = io_prep_rw,
98                 .issue                  = io_read,
99         },
100         [IORING_OP_WRITE_FIXED] = {
101                 .needs_file             = 1,
102                 .hash_reg_file          = 1,
103                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
104                 .pollout                = 1,
105                 .plug                   = 1,
106                 .audit_skip             = 1,
107                 .ioprio                 = 1,
108                 .iopoll                 = 1,
109                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
110                 .prep                   = io_prep_rw,
111                 .issue                  = io_write,
112         },
113         [IORING_OP_POLL_ADD] = {
114                 .needs_file             = 1,
115                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
116                 .audit_skip             = 1,
117                 .prep                   = io_poll_add_prep,
118                 .issue                  = io_poll_add,
119         },
120         [IORING_OP_POLL_REMOVE] = {
121                 .audit_skip             = 1,
122                 .prep                   = io_poll_remove_prep,
123                 .issue                  = io_poll_remove,
124         },
125         [IORING_OP_SYNC_FILE_RANGE] = {
126                 .needs_file             = 1,
127                 .audit_skip             = 1,
128                 .prep                   = io_sfr_prep,
129                 .issue                  = io_sync_file_range,
130         },
131         [IORING_OP_SENDMSG] = {
132                 .needs_file             = 1,
133                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
134                 .pollout                = 1,
135                 .ioprio                 = 1,
136                 .manual_alloc           = 1,
137 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
138                 .prep                   = io_sendmsg_prep,
139                 .issue                  = io_sendmsg,
140 #else
141                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
142 #endif
143         },
144         [IORING_OP_RECVMSG] = {
145                 .needs_file             = 1,
146                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
147                 .pollin                 = 1,
148                 .buffer_select          = 1,
149                 .ioprio                 = 1,
150                 .manual_alloc           = 1,
151 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
152                 .prep                   = io_recvmsg_prep,
153                 .issue                  = io_recvmsg,
154 #else
155                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
156 #endif
157         },
158         [IORING_OP_TIMEOUT] = {
159                 .audit_skip             = 1,
160                 .prep                   = io_timeout_prep,
161                 .issue                  = io_timeout,
162         },
163         [IORING_OP_TIMEOUT_REMOVE] = {
164                 /* used by timeout updates' prep() */
165                 .audit_skip             = 1,
166                 .prep                   = io_timeout_remove_prep,
167                 .issue                  = io_timeout_remove,
168         },
169         [IORING_OP_ACCEPT] = {
170                 .needs_file             = 1,
171                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
172                 .pollin                 = 1,
173                 .poll_exclusive         = 1,
174                 .ioprio                 = 1,    /* used for flags */
175 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
176                 .prep                   = io_accept_prep,
177                 .issue                  = io_accept,
178 #else
179                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
180 #endif
181         },
182         [IORING_OP_ASYNC_CANCEL] = {
183                 .audit_skip             = 1,
184                 .prep                   = io_async_cancel_prep,
185                 .issue                  = io_async_cancel,
186         },
187         [IORING_OP_LINK_TIMEOUT] = {
188                 .audit_skip             = 1,
189                 .prep                   = io_link_timeout_prep,
190                 .issue                  = io_no_issue,
191         },
192         [IORING_OP_CONNECT] = {
193                 .needs_file             = 1,
194                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
195                 .pollout                = 1,
196 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
197                 .prep                   = io_connect_prep,
198                 .issue                  = io_connect,
199 #else
200                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
201 #endif
202         },
203         [IORING_OP_FALLOCATE] = {
204                 .needs_file             = 1,
205                 .prep                   = io_fallocate_prep,
206                 .issue                  = io_fallocate,
207         },
208         [IORING_OP_OPENAT] = {
209                 .prep                   = io_openat_prep,
210                 .issue                  = io_openat,
211         },
212         [IORING_OP_CLOSE] = {
213                 .prep                   = io_close_prep,
214                 .issue                  = io_close,
215         },
216         [IORING_OP_FILES_UPDATE] = {
217                 .audit_skip             = 1,
218                 .iopoll                 = 1,
219                 .prep                   = io_files_update_prep,
220                 .issue                  = io_files_update,
221         },
222         [IORING_OP_STATX] = {
223                 .audit_skip             = 1,
224                 .prep                   = io_statx_prep,
225                 .issue                  = io_statx,
226         },
227         [IORING_OP_READ] = {
228                 .needs_file             = 1,
229                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
230                 .pollin                 = 1,
231                 .buffer_select          = 1,
232                 .plug                   = 1,
233                 .audit_skip             = 1,
234                 .ioprio                 = 1,
235                 .iopoll                 = 1,
236                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
237                 .prep                   = io_prep_rw,
238                 .issue                  = io_read,
239         },
240         [IORING_OP_WRITE] = {
241                 .needs_file             = 1,
242                 .hash_reg_file          = 1,
243                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
244                 .pollout                = 1,
245                 .plug                   = 1,
246                 .audit_skip             = 1,
247                 .ioprio                 = 1,
248                 .iopoll                 = 1,
249                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
250                 .prep                   = io_prep_rw,
251                 .issue                  = io_write,
252         },
253         [IORING_OP_FADVISE] = {
254                 .needs_file             = 1,
255                 .audit_skip             = 1,
256                 .prep                   = io_fadvise_prep,
257                 .issue                  = io_fadvise,
258         },
259         [IORING_OP_MADVISE] = {
260                 .audit_skip             = 1,
261                 .prep                   = io_madvise_prep,
262                 .issue                  = io_madvise,
263         },
264         [IORING_OP_SEND] = {
265                 .needs_file             = 1,
266                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
267                 .pollout                = 1,
268                 .audit_skip             = 1,
269                 .ioprio                 = 1,
270                 .manual_alloc           = 1,
271 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
272                 .prep                   = io_sendmsg_prep,
273                 .issue                  = io_send,
274 #else
275                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
276 #endif
277         },
278         [IORING_OP_RECV] = {
279                 .needs_file             = 1,
280                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
281                 .pollin                 = 1,
282                 .buffer_select          = 1,
283                 .audit_skip             = 1,
284                 .ioprio                 = 1,
285 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
286                 .prep                   = io_recvmsg_prep,
287                 .issue                  = io_recv,
288 #else
289                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
290 #endif
291         },
292         [IORING_OP_OPENAT2] = {
293                 .prep                   = io_openat2_prep,
294                 .issue                  = io_openat2,
295         },
296         [IORING_OP_EPOLL_CTL] = {
297                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
298                 .audit_skip             = 1,
299 #if defined(CONFIG_EPOLL)
300                 .prep                   = io_epoll_ctl_prep,
301                 .issue                  = io_epoll_ctl,
302 #else
303                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
304 #endif
305         },
306         [IORING_OP_SPLICE] = {
307                 .needs_file             = 1,
308                 .hash_reg_file          = 1,
309                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
310                 .audit_skip             = 1,
311                 .prep                   = io_splice_prep,
312                 .issue                  = io_splice,
313         },
314         [IORING_OP_PROVIDE_BUFFERS] = {
315                 .audit_skip             = 1,
316                 .iopoll                 = 1,
317                 .prep                   = io_provide_buffers_prep,
318                 .issue                  = io_provide_buffers,
319         },
320         [IORING_OP_REMOVE_BUFFERS] = {
321                 .audit_skip             = 1,
322                 .iopoll                 = 1,
323                 .prep                   = io_remove_buffers_prep,
324                 .issue                  = io_remove_buffers,
325         },
326         [IORING_OP_TEE] = {
327                 .needs_file             = 1,
328                 .hash_reg_file          = 1,
329                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
330                 .audit_skip             = 1,
331                 .prep                   = io_tee_prep,
332                 .issue                  = io_tee,
333         },
334         [IORING_OP_SHUTDOWN] = {
335                 .needs_file             = 1,
336 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
337                 .prep                   = io_shutdown_prep,
338                 .issue                  = io_shutdown,
339 #else
340                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
341 #endif
342         },
343         [IORING_OP_RENAMEAT] = {
344                 .prep                   = io_renameat_prep,
345                 .issue                  = io_renameat,
346         },
347         [IORING_OP_UNLINKAT] = {
348                 .prep                   = io_unlinkat_prep,
349                 .issue                  = io_unlinkat,
350         },
351         [IORING_OP_MKDIRAT] = {
352                 .prep                   = io_mkdirat_prep,
353                 .issue                  = io_mkdirat,
354         },
355         [IORING_OP_SYMLINKAT] = {
356                 .prep                   = io_symlinkat_prep,
357                 .issue                  = io_symlinkat,
358         },
359         [IORING_OP_LINKAT] = {
360                 .prep                   = io_linkat_prep,
361                 .issue                  = io_linkat,
362         },
363         [IORING_OP_MSG_RING] = {
364                 .needs_file             = 1,
365                 .iopoll                 = 1,
366                 .prep                   = io_msg_ring_prep,
367                 .issue                  = io_msg_ring,
368         },
369         [IORING_OP_FSETXATTR] = {
370                 .needs_file = 1,
371                 .prep                   = io_fsetxattr_prep,
372                 .issue                  = io_fsetxattr,
373         },
374         [IORING_OP_SETXATTR] = {
375                 .prep                   = io_setxattr_prep,
376                 .issue                  = io_setxattr,
377         },
378         [IORING_OP_FGETXATTR] = {
379                 .needs_file = 1,
380                 .prep                   = io_fgetxattr_prep,
381                 .issue                  = io_fgetxattr,
382         },
383         [IORING_OP_GETXATTR] = {
384                 .prep                   = io_getxattr_prep,
385                 .issue                  = io_getxattr,
386         },
387         [IORING_OP_SOCKET] = {
388                 .audit_skip             = 1,
389 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
390                 .prep                   = io_socket_prep,
391                 .issue                  = io_socket,
392 #else
393                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
394 #endif
395         },
396         [IORING_OP_URING_CMD] = {
397                 .needs_file             = 1,
398                 .plug                   = 1,
399                 .iopoll                 = 1,
400                 .iopoll_queue           = 1,
401                 .prep                   = io_uring_cmd_prep,
402                 .issue                  = io_uring_cmd,
403         },
404         [IORING_OP_SEND_ZC] = {
405                 .needs_file             = 1,
406                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
407                 .pollout                = 1,
408                 .audit_skip             = 1,
409                 .ioprio                 = 1,
410                 .manual_alloc           = 1,
411 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
412                 .prep                   = io_send_zc_prep,
413                 .issue                  = io_send_zc,
414 #else
415                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
416 #endif
417         },
418         [IORING_OP_SENDMSG_ZC] = {
419                 .needs_file             = 1,
420                 .unbound_nonreg_file    = 1,
421                 .pollout                = 1,
422                 .ioprio                 = 1,
423                 .manual_alloc           = 1,
424 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
425                 .prep                   = io_send_zc_prep,
426                 .issue                  = io_sendmsg_zc,
427 #else
428                 .prep                   = io_eopnotsupp_prep,
429 #endif
430         },
431 };
432
433
434 const struct io_cold_def io_cold_defs[] = {
435         [IORING_OP_NOP] = {
436                 .name                   = "NOP",
437         },
438         [IORING_OP_READV] = {
439                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_rw),
440                 .name                   = "READV",
441                 .prep_async             = io_readv_prep_async,
442                 .cleanup                = io_readv_writev_cleanup,
443                 .fail                   = io_rw_fail,
444         },
445         [IORING_OP_WRITEV] = {
446                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_rw),
447                 .name                   = "WRITEV",
448                 .prep_async             = io_writev_prep_async,
449                 .cleanup                = io_readv_writev_cleanup,
450                 .fail                   = io_rw_fail,
451         },
452         [IORING_OP_FSYNC] = {
453                 .name                   = "FSYNC",
454         },
455         [IORING_OP_READ_FIXED] = {
456                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_rw),
457                 .name                   = "READ_FIXED",
458                 .fail                   = io_rw_fail,
459         },
460         [IORING_OP_WRITE_FIXED] = {
461                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_rw),
462                 .name                   = "WRITE_FIXED",
463                 .fail                   = io_rw_fail,
464         },
465         [IORING_OP_POLL_ADD] = {
466                 .name                   = "POLL_ADD",
467         },
468         [IORING_OP_POLL_REMOVE] = {
469                 .name                   = "POLL_REMOVE",
470         },
471         [IORING_OP_SYNC_FILE_RANGE] = {
472                 .name                   = "SYNC_FILE_RANGE",
473         },
474         [IORING_OP_SENDMSG] = {
475                 .name                   = "SENDMSG",
476 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
477                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_msghdr),
478                 .prep_async             = io_sendmsg_prep_async,
479                 .cleanup                = io_sendmsg_recvmsg_cleanup,
480                 .fail                   = io_sendrecv_fail,
481 #endif
482         },
483         [IORING_OP_RECVMSG] = {
484                 .name                   = "RECVMSG",
485 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
486                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_msghdr),
487                 .prep_async             = io_recvmsg_prep_async,
488                 .cleanup                = io_sendmsg_recvmsg_cleanup,
489                 .fail                   = io_sendrecv_fail,
490 #endif
491         },
492         [IORING_OP_TIMEOUT] = {
493                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_timeout_data),
494                 .name                   = "TIMEOUT",
495         },
496         [IORING_OP_TIMEOUT_REMOVE] = {
497                 .name                   = "TIMEOUT_REMOVE",
498         },
499         [IORING_OP_ACCEPT] = {
500                 .name                   = "ACCEPT",
501         },
502         [IORING_OP_ASYNC_CANCEL] = {
503                 .name                   = "ASYNC_CANCEL",
504         },
505         [IORING_OP_LINK_TIMEOUT] = {
506                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_timeout_data),
507                 .name                   = "LINK_TIMEOUT",
508         },
509         [IORING_OP_CONNECT] = {
510                 .name                   = "CONNECT",
511 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
512                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_connect),
513                 .prep_async             = io_connect_prep_async,
514 #endif
515         },
516         [IORING_OP_FALLOCATE] = {
517                 .name                   = "FALLOCATE",
518         },
519         [IORING_OP_OPENAT] = {
520                 .name                   = "OPENAT",
521                 .cleanup                = io_open_cleanup,
522         },
523         [IORING_OP_CLOSE] = {
524                 .name                   = "CLOSE",
525         },
526         [IORING_OP_FILES_UPDATE] = {
527                 .name                   = "FILES_UPDATE",
528         },
529         [IORING_OP_STATX] = {
530                 .name                   = "STATX",
531                 .cleanup                = io_statx_cleanup,
532         },
533         [IORING_OP_READ] = {
534                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_rw),
535                 .name                   = "READ",
536                 .fail                   = io_rw_fail,
537         },
538         [IORING_OP_WRITE] = {
539                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_rw),
540                 .name                   = "WRITE",
541                 .fail                   = io_rw_fail,
542         },
543         [IORING_OP_FADVISE] = {
544                 .name                   = "FADVISE",
545         },
546         [IORING_OP_MADVISE] = {
547                 .name                   = "MADVISE",
548         },
549         [IORING_OP_SEND] = {
550                 .name                   = "SEND",
551 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
552                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_msghdr),
553                 .fail                   = io_sendrecv_fail,
554                 .prep_async             = io_send_prep_async,
555 #endif
556         },
557         [IORING_OP_RECV] = {
558                 .name                   = "RECV",
559 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
560                 .fail                   = io_sendrecv_fail,
561 #endif
562         },
563         [IORING_OP_OPENAT2] = {
564                 .name                   = "OPENAT2",
565                 .cleanup                = io_open_cleanup,
566         },
567         [IORING_OP_EPOLL_CTL] = {
568                 .name                   = "EPOLL",
569         },
570         [IORING_OP_SPLICE] = {
571                 .name                   = "SPLICE",
572         },
573         [IORING_OP_PROVIDE_BUFFERS] = {
574                 .name                   = "PROVIDE_BUFFERS",
575         },
576         [IORING_OP_REMOVE_BUFFERS] = {
577                 .name                   = "REMOVE_BUFFERS",
578         },
579         [IORING_OP_TEE] = {
580                 .name                   = "TEE",
581         },
582         [IORING_OP_SHUTDOWN] = {
583                 .name                   = "SHUTDOWN",
584         },
585         [IORING_OP_RENAMEAT] = {
586                 .name                   = "RENAMEAT",
587                 .cleanup                = io_renameat_cleanup,
588         },
589         [IORING_OP_UNLINKAT] = {
590                 .name                   = "UNLINKAT",
591                 .cleanup                = io_unlinkat_cleanup,
592         },
593         [IORING_OP_MKDIRAT] = {
594                 .name                   = "MKDIRAT",
595                 .cleanup                = io_mkdirat_cleanup,
596         },
597         [IORING_OP_SYMLINKAT] = {
598                 .name                   = "SYMLINKAT",
599                 .cleanup                = io_link_cleanup,
600         },
601         [IORING_OP_LINKAT] = {
602                 .name                   = "LINKAT",
603                 .cleanup                = io_link_cleanup,
604         },
605         [IORING_OP_MSG_RING] = {
606                 .name                   = "MSG_RING",
607                 .cleanup                = io_msg_ring_cleanup,
608         },
609         [IORING_OP_FSETXATTR] = {
610                 .name                   = "FSETXATTR",
611                 .cleanup                = io_xattr_cleanup,
612         },
613         [IORING_OP_SETXATTR] = {
614                 .name                   = "SETXATTR",
615                 .cleanup                = io_xattr_cleanup,
616         },
617         [IORING_OP_FGETXATTR] = {
618                 .name                   = "FGETXATTR",
619                 .cleanup                = io_xattr_cleanup,
620         },
621         [IORING_OP_GETXATTR] = {
622                 .name                   = "GETXATTR",
623                 .cleanup                = io_xattr_cleanup,
624         },
625         [IORING_OP_SOCKET] = {
626                 .name                   = "SOCKET",
627         },
628         [IORING_OP_URING_CMD] = {
629                 .name                   = "URING_CMD",
630                 .async_size             = 2 * sizeof(struct io_uring_sqe),
631                 .prep_async             = io_uring_cmd_prep_async,
632         },
633         [IORING_OP_SEND_ZC] = {
634                 .name                   = "SEND_ZC",
635 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
636                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_msghdr),
637                 .prep_async             = io_send_prep_async,
638                 .cleanup                = io_send_zc_cleanup,
639                 .fail                   = io_sendrecv_fail,
640 #endif
641         },
642         [IORING_OP_SENDMSG_ZC] = {
643                 .name                   = "SENDMSG_ZC",
644 #if defined(CONFIG_NET)
645                 .async_size             = sizeof(struct io_async_msghdr),
646                 .prep_async             = io_sendmsg_prep_async,
647                 .cleanup                = io_send_zc_cleanup,
648                 .fail                   = io_sendrecv_fail,
649 #endif
650         },
651 };
652
653 const char *io_uring_get_opcode(u8 opcode)
654 {
655         if (opcode < IORING_OP_LAST)
656                 return io_cold_defs[opcode].name;
657         return "INVALID";
658 }
659
660 void __init io_uring_optable_init(void)
661 {
662         int i;
663
664         BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(io_cold_defs) != IORING_OP_LAST);
665         BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(io_issue_defs) != IORING_OP_LAST);
666
667         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(io_issue_defs); i++) {
668                 BUG_ON(!io_issue_defs[i].prep);
669                 if (io_issue_defs[i].prep != io_eopnotsupp_prep)
670                         BUG_ON(!io_issue_defs[i].issue);
671                 WARN_ON_ONCE(!io_cold_defs[i].name);
672         }
673 }