General fio.1 improvements

 - Fixed a bunch of typos and formatting errors.

 - Wrapped some overly-long lines.

 - Added a few new default parameter values.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

diff --git a/fio.1 b/fio.1
index f491c533272dc85ff685c6cbc74a5e092d905b6a..2f60b5e88559ebf81e9462ae33affce8a513768e 100644 (file)
--- a/fio.1
+++ b/fio.1
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Generate per-job latency logs.
 Generate per-job bandwidth logs.
 .TP
 .B \-\-minimal
 Generate per-job bandwidth logs.
 .TP
 .B \-\-minimal

-Print statistics in a terse, semicolon\-delimited format.
+Print statistics in a terse, semicolon-delimited format.

 .TP
 .BI \-\-showcmd \fR=\fPjobfile
 Convert \fIjobfile\fR to a set of command-line options.
 .TP
 .BI \-\-showcmd \fR=\fPjobfile
 Convert \fIjobfile\fR to a set of command-line options.


@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ extend to the next job name.  The job name can be any ASCII string
 except `global', which has a special meaning.  Following the job name is
 a sequence of zero or more parameters, one per line, that define the
 behavior of the job.  Any line starting with a `;' or `#' character is
 except `global', which has a special meaning.  Following the job name is
 a sequence of zero or more parameters, one per line, that define the
 behavior of the job.  Any line starting with a `;' or `#' character is

-considered a comment and ignored.  See section EXAMPLES for sample
+considered a comment and ignored.

 job files.
 .SS "Global Section"
 The global section contains default parameters for jobs specified in the
 job files.
 .SS "Global Section"
 The global section contains default parameters for jobs specified in the


@@ -80,9 +80,10 @@ Boolean: a true or false value. `0' denotes false, `1' denotes true.
 .TP
 .I irange
 Integer range: a range of integers specified in the format
 .TP
 .I irange
 Integer range: a range of integers specified in the format

-\fIlower\fR:\fIupper\fR or \fIlower\fR-\fIupper\fR. \fIlower\fR and \fIupper\fR
-may contain a suffix as described above.  If an option allows two sets of ranges,
-they are separated with a `,' or `/' character. For example: `8-8k/8M-4G'.
+\fIlower\fR:\fIupper\fR or \fIlower\fR\-\fIupper\fR. \fIlower\fR and
+\fIupper\fR may contain a suffix as described above.  If an option allows two
+sets of ranges, they are separated with a `,' or `/' character. For example:
+`8\-8k/8M\-4G'.

 .SS "Parameter List"
 .TP
 .BI name \fR=\fPstr
 .SS "Parameter List"
 .TP
 .BI name \fR=\fPstr


@@ -100,12 +101,13 @@ than `./'.
 .BI filename \fR=\fPstr
 .B fio
 normally makes up a file name based on the job name, thread number, and file
 .BI filename \fR=\fPstr
 .B fio
 normally makes up a file name based on the job name, thread number, and file

-number. If you want to share files between threads in a job or several jobs, specify
-a \fIfilename\fR for each of them to override the default. If the I/O engine used is
-`net', \fIfilename\fR is the host and port to connect to in the format
-\fIhost\fR/\fIport\fR. If the I/O engine is file-based, you can specify a number of
-files by separating the names with a `:' character. `-' is a reserved name, meaning
-stdin or stdout, depending on the read/write direction set.
+number. If you want to share files between threads in a job or several jobs,
+specify a \fIfilename\fR for each of them to override the default. If the I/O
+engine used is `net', \fIfilename\fR is the host and port to connect to in the
+format \fIhost\fR/\fIport\fR. If the I/O engine is file-based, you can specify
+a number of files by separating the names with a `:' character. `\-' is a
+reserved name, meaning stdin or stdout, depending on the read/write direction
+set.

 .TP
 .BI opendir \fR=\fPstr
 Recursively open any files below directory \fIstr\fR.
 .TP
 .BI opendir \fR=\fPstr
 Recursively open any files below directory \fIstr\fR.


@@ -116,36 +118,36 @@ Type of I/O pattern.  Accepted values are:
 .RS
 .TP
 .B read
 .RS
 .TP
 .B read

-Sequential reads
+Sequential reads.

 .TP
 .B write
 .TP
 .B write

-Sequential writes
+Sequential writes.

 .TP
 .B randread
 .TP
 .B randread

-Random reads
+Random reads.

 .TP
 .B randwrite
 .TP
 .B randwrite

-Random writes
+Random writes.

 .TP
 .B rw
 .TP
 .B rw

-Mixed sequential reads and writes
+Mixed sequential reads and writes.

 .TP
 .B randrw 
 .TP
 .B randrw 

-Mixed random reads and writes
+Mixed random reads and writes.

 .RE
 .P
 .RE
 .P

-For mixed I/O, the default split is 50/50.  For random I/O, the number of I/Os to
-perform before getting a new offset can be specified by appending `:\fIint\fR' to
-the pattern type.  The default is 1.
+For mixed I/O, the default split is 50/50.  For random I/O, the number of I/Os
+to perform before getting a new offset can be specified by appending
+`:\fIint\fR' to the pattern type.  The default is 1.

 .RE
 .TP
 .BI randrepeat \fR=\fPbool
 Seed the random number generator in a predictable way so results are repeatable
 .RE
 .TP
 .BI randrepeat \fR=\fPbool
 Seed the random number generator in a predictable way so results are repeatable

-across runs.
+across runs.  Default: true.

 .TP
 .BI fadvise_hint \fR=\fPbool
 .TP
 .BI fadvise_hint \fR=\fPbool

-Disable use of \fIposix_fadvise\fR\|(2) to advise the kernel what I/O patters are
-likely to be issued. Default: true.
+Disable use of \fIposix_fadvise\fR\|(2) to advise the kernel what I/O patterns
+are likely to be issued. Default: true.

 .TP
 .BI size \fR=\fPsiint
 Total size of I/O for this job.  \fBfio\fR will run until this many bytes have
 .TP
 .BI size \fR=\fPsiint
 Total size of I/O for this job.  \fBfio\fR will run until this many bytes have


@@ -155,8 +157,9 @@ divided between the available files for the job.
 .TP
 .BI filesize \fR=\fPirange
 Individual file sizes. May be a range, in which case \fBfio\fR will select sizes
 .TP
 .BI filesize \fR=\fPirange
 Individual file sizes. May be a range, in which case \fBfio\fR will select sizes

-for files at random within the given range, limited to \fBsize\fR in total (if that
-is given). If \fBfilesize\fR is not specified, each created file is the same size.
+for files at random within the given range, limited to \fBsize\fR in total (if
+that is given). If \fBfilesize\fR is not specified, each created file is the
+same size.

 .TP
 .BI blocksize \fR=\fPsiint "\fR,\fB bs" \fR=\fPsiint
 Block size for I/O units.  Default: 4k.  Values for reads and writes can be
 .TP
 .BI blocksize \fR=\fPsiint "\fR,\fB bs" \fR=\fPsiint
 Block size for I/O units.  Default: 4k.  Values for reads and writes can be


@@ -164,13 +167,13 @@ specified seperately in the format \fIread\fR,\fIwrite\fR, either of
 which may be empty to leave that value at its default.
 .TP
 .BI blocksize_range \fR=\fPirange "\fR,\fB bsrange" \fR=\fPirange
 which may be empty to leave that value at its default.
 .TP
 .BI blocksize_range \fR=\fPirange "\fR,\fB bsrange" \fR=\fPirange

-Specify a range of I/O block sizes.  The issued I/O unit will always be a multiple
-of the minimum size, unless \fBblocksize_unaligned\fR is set.  Applied to both reads
-and writes, but can be specified seperately (see \fBblocksize\fR).
+Specify a range of I/O block sizes.  The issued I/O unit will always be a
+multiple of the minimum size, unless \fBblocksize_unaligned\fR is set.  Applies
+to both reads and writes, but can be specified seperately (see \fBblocksize\fR).

 .TP
 .B blocksize_unaligned\fR,\fP bs_unaligned
 .TP
 .B blocksize_unaligned\fR,\fP bs_unaligned

-If set, any size in \fBblocksize_range\fR may be used.  This typically won't work
-with direct I/O, as that normally requires sector alignment.
+If set, any size in \fBblocksize_range\fR may be used.  This typically won't
+work with direct I/O, as that normally requires sector alignment.

 .TP
 .B zero_buffers
 Initialise buffers with all zeros. Default: fill buffers with random data.
 .TP
 .B zero_buffers
 Initialise buffers with all zeros. Default: fill buffers with random data.


@@ -213,19 +216,20 @@ Linux native asynchronous I/O.
 glibc POSIX asynchronous I/O using \fIaio_read\fR\|(3) and \fIaio_write\fR\|(3).
 .TP
 .B mmap
 glibc POSIX asynchronous I/O using \fIaio_read\fR\|(3) and \fIaio_write\fR\|(3).
 .TP
 .B mmap

-File is memory mapped with \fImmap\fR\|(2) and data coped using \fImemcpy\fR\|(3).
+File is memory mapped with \fImmap\fR\|(2) and data copied using
+\fImemcpy\fR\|(3).

 .TP
 .B splice
 .TP
 .B splice

-\fIsplice\fR\|(2) is used to transfer the data and \fIvmsplice\fR\|(2) to transfer
-data from user-space to the kernel.
+\fIsplice\fR\|(2) is used to transfer the data and \fIvmsplice\fR\|(2) to
+transfer data from user-space to the kernel.

 .TP
 .B syslet-rw
 Use the syslet system calls to make regular read/write asynchronous.
 .TP
 .B sg
 SCSI generic sg v3 I/O. May be either synchronous using the SG_IO ioctl, or if
 .TP
 .B syslet-rw
 Use the syslet system calls to make regular read/write asynchronous.
 .TP
 .B sg
 SCSI generic sg v3 I/O. May be either synchronous using the SG_IO ioctl, or if

-the target is an sg character device, we use \fIread\fR\|(2) and \fIwrite\fR\|(2)
-for asynchronous I/O.
+the target is an sg character device, we use \fIread\fR\|(2) and
+\fIwrite\fR\|(2) for asynchronous I/O.

 .TP
 .B null
 Doesn't transfer any data, just pretends to.  Mainly used to exercise \fBfio\fR
 .TP
 .B null
 Doesn't transfer any data, just pretends to.  Mainly used to exercise \fBfio\fR


@@ -247,8 +251,8 @@ Doesn't transfer any data, but burns CPU cycles according to \fBcpuload\fR and
 .B guasi
 The GUASI I/O engine is the Generic Userspace Asynchronous Syscall Interface
 approach to asycnronous I/O.
 .B guasi
 The GUASI I/O engine is the Generic Userspace Asynchronous Syscall Interface
 approach to asycnronous I/O.

-
-See <http://www.xmailserver.org/guasi-lib.html>.
+.br
+See <http://www.xmailserver.org/guasi\-lib.html>.

 .TP
 .B external
 Loads an external I/O engine object file.  Append the engine filename as
 .TP
 .B external
 Loads an external I/O engine object file.  Append the engine filename as


@@ -277,18 +281,18 @@ Default: true.
 Offset in the file to start I/O. Data before the offset will not be touched.
 .TP
 .BI fsync \fR=\fPint
 Offset in the file to start I/O. Data before the offset will not be touched.
 .TP
 .BI fsync \fR=\fPint

-How many I/Os to perform before issuing an \fBfsync\fR\|(2) of dirty data.  If 0, don't
-sync.  Default: 0.
+How many I/Os to perform before issuing an \fBfsync\fR\|(2) of dirty data.  If
+0, don't sync.  Default: 0.

 .TP
 .BI overwrite \fR=\fPbool
 .TP
 .BI overwrite \fR=\fPbool

-If writing, setup the file first and do overwrites.
+If writing, setup the file first and do overwrites.  Default: false.

 .TP
 .BI end_fsync \fR=\fPbool
 .TP
 .BI end_fsync \fR=\fPbool

-If true, sync file contents when job exits.
+Sync file contents when job exits.  Default: false.

 .TP
 .BI fsync_on_close \fR=\fPbool
 If true, sync file contents on close.  This differs from \fBend_fsync\fR in that
 .TP
 .BI fsync_on_close \fR=\fPbool
 If true, sync file contents on close.  This differs from \fBend_fsync\fR in that

-it will happen on every close, not just at the end of the job.
+it will happen on every close, not just at the end of the job.  Default: false.

 .TP
 .BI rwmixcycle \fR=\fPint
 How many milliseconds before switching between reads and writes for a mixed
 .TP
 .BI rwmixcycle \fR=\fPint
 How many milliseconds before switching between reads and writes for a mixed


@@ -298,9 +302,9 @@ workload. Default: 500ms.
 Percentage of a mixed workload that should be reads. Default: 50.
 .TP
 .BI rwmixwrite \fR=\fPint
 Percentage of a mixed workload that should be reads. Default: 50.
 .TP
 .BI rwmixwrite \fR=\fPint

-Percentage of a mixed workload that would be writes.  If \fBrwmixread\fR and
+Percentage of a mixed workload that should be writes.  If \fBrwmixread\fR and

 \fBwrmixwrite\fR are given and do not sum to 100%, the latter of the two
 \fBwrmixwrite\fR are given and do not sum to 100%, the latter of the two

-overrides the first.
+overrides the first.  Default: 50.

 .TP
 .B norandommap
 Normally \fBfio\fR will cover every block of the file when doing random I/O. If
 .TP
 .B norandommap
 Normally \fBfio\fR will cover every block of the file when doing random I/O. If


@@ -369,7 +373,7 @@ Invalidate buffer-cache for the file prior to starting I/O.  Default: true.
 .TP
 .BI sync \fR=\fPbool
 Use synchronous I/O for buffered writes.  For the majority of I/O engines,
 .TP
 .BI sync \fR=\fPbool
 Use synchronous I/O for buffered writes.  For the majority of I/O engines,

-this means using O_SYNC.
+this means using O_SYNC.  Default: false.

 .TP
 .BI iomem \fR=\fPstr "\fR,\fP mem" \fR=\fPstr
 Allocation method for I/O unit buffer.  Allowed values are:
 .TP
 .BI iomem \fR=\fPstr "\fR,\fP mem" \fR=\fPstr
 Allocation method for I/O unit buffer.  Allowed values are:


@@ -399,7 +403,7 @@ the system must have free huge pages allocated.  \fBmmaphuge\fR also needs to
 have hugetlbfs mounted, and \fIfile\fR must point there.
 .RE
 .TP
 have hugetlbfs mounted, and \fIfile\fR must point there.
 .RE
 .TP

-.BI hugepage-size \fR=\fPsiint
+.BI hugepage\-size \fR=\fPsiint

 Defines the size of a huge page.  Must be at least equal to the system setting.
 Should be a multiple of 1MiB. Default: 4MiB.
 .TP
 Defines the size of a huge page.  Must be at least equal to the system setting.
 Should be a multiple of 1MiB. Default: 4MiB.
 .TP


@@ -411,7 +415,7 @@ Average bandwidth calculations over the given time in milliseconds.  Default:
 500ms.
 .TP
 .BI create_serialize \fR=\fPbool
 500ms.
 .TP
 .BI create_serialize \fR=\fPbool

-If true, serialize file creation for the jobs.
+If true, serialize file creation for the jobs.  Default: true.

 .TP
 .BI create_fsync \fR=\fPbool
 \fIfsync\fR\|(2) data file after creation.  Default: true.
 .TP
 .BI create_fsync \fR=\fPbool
 \fIfsync\fR\|(2) data file after creation.  Default: true.


@@ -456,7 +460,7 @@ read them back in a sorted manner.  Default: true.
 .TP
 .BI verify_offset \fR=\fPsiint
 Swap the verification header with data somewhere else in the block before
 .TP
 .BI verify_offset \fR=\fPsiint
 Swap the verification header with data somewhere else in the block before

-writing.  It it swapped back before verifying.
+writing.  It is swapped back before verifying.

 .TP
 .BI verify_interval \fR=\fPsiint
 Write the verification header for this number of bytes, which should divide
 .TP
 .BI verify_interval \fR=\fPsiint
 Write the verification header for this number of bytes, which should divide


@@ -467,7 +471,7 @@ If true, exit the job on the first observed verification failure.  Default:
 false.
 .TP
 .B stonewall
 false.
 .TP
 .B stonewall

-Wait for precedding jobs in the job file to exit before starting this one.
+Wait for preceeding jobs in the job file to exit before starting this one.

 \fBstonewall\fR implies \fBnew_group\fR.
 .TP
 .B new_group
 \fBstonewall\fR implies \fBnew_group\fR.
 .TP
 .B new_group


@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ with \fBfork\fR\|(2).
 Divide file into zones of the specified size in bytes.  See \fBzoneskip\fR.
 .TP
 .BI zoneskip \fR=\fPsiint
 Divide file into zones of the specified size in bytes.  See \fBzoneskip\fR.
 .TP
 .BI zoneskip \fR=\fPsiint

-Skip the specified number of bytes when \fBzonesize\fR bytes of data has been
+Skip the specified number of bytes when \fBzonesize\fR bytes of data have been

 read.
 .TP
 .BI write_iolog \fR=\fPstr
 read.
 .TP
 .BI write_iolog \fR=\fPstr


@@ -528,16 +532,19 @@ If the job is a CPU cycle-eater, split the load into cycles of the
 given time in milliseconds.
 .TP
 .BI disk_util \fR=\fPbool
 given time in milliseconds.
 .TP
 .BI disk_util \fR=\fPbool

-Generate disk utilization statistics if the platform supports it.  Default: true.
+Generate disk utilization statistics if the platform supports it. Default: true.

 .SH OUTPUT
 .SH OUTPUT

-While running, \fBfio\fR will display the status of the created jobs.  For example:
+While running, \fBfio\fR will display the status of the created jobs.  For
+example:

 .RS
 .RS

+.P

 Threads: 1: [_r] [24.8% done] [ 13509/  8334 kb/s] [eta 00h:01m:31s]
 .RE
 .P
 Threads: 1: [_r] [24.8% done] [ 13509/  8334 kb/s] [eta 00h:01m:31s]
 .RE
 .P

-The characters in the first set of brackets denote the current status of each threads.
-The possible values are:
-.RS
+The characters in the first set of brackets denote the current status of each
+threads.  The possible values are:
+.P
+.PD 0

 .RS
 .TP
 .B P
 .RS
 .TP
 .B P


@@ -579,7 +586,7 @@ Exited, not reaped by main thread.
 .B \-
 Exited, thread reaped.
 .RE
 .B \-
 Exited, thread reaped.
 .RE

-.RE
+.PD

 .P
 The second set of brackets shows the estimated completion percentage of
 the current group.  The third set shows the read and write I/O rate,
 .P
 The second set of brackets shows the estimated completion percentage of
 the current group.  The third set shows the read and write I/O rate,


@@ -591,7 +598,6 @@ for each thread, each group of threads, and each disk, in that order.
 Per-thread statistics first show the threads client number, group-id, and
 error code.  The remaining figures are as follows:
 .RS
 Per-thread statistics first show the threads client number, group-id, and
 error code.  The remaining figures are as follows:
 .RS

-.RS

 .TP
 .B io
 Number of megabytes of I/O performed.
 .TP
 .B io
 Number of megabytes of I/O performed.


@@ -629,10 +635,9 @@ Number of read/write requests issued, and number of short read/write requests.
 Distribution of I/O completion latencies.  The numbers follow the same pattern
 as \fBIO depths\fR.
 .RE
 Distribution of I/O completion latencies.  The numbers follow the same pattern
 as \fBIO depths\fR.
 .RE

-.RE

 .P
 The group statistics show:
 .P
 The group statistics show:

-.RS
+.PD 0

 .RS
 .TP
 .B io
 .RS
 .TP
 .B io


@@ -648,15 +653,15 @@ Minimum average bandwidth a thread saw.
 Maximum average bandwidth a thread saw.
 .TP
 .B mint
 Maximum average bandwidth a thread saw.
 .TP
 .B mint

-Smallest runtime of threads in the group.
+Shortest runtime of threads in the group.

 .TP
 .B maxt
 Longest runtime of threads in the group.
 .RE
 .TP
 .B maxt
 Longest runtime of threads in the group.
 .RE

-.RE
+.PD

 .P
 Finally, disk statistics are printed with reads first:
 .P
 Finally, disk statistics are printed with reads first:

-.RS
+.PD 0

 .RS
 .TP
 .B ios
 .RS
 .TP
 .B ios


@@ -674,7 +679,7 @@ Total time spent in the disk queue.
 .B util
 Disk utilization.
 .RE
 .B util
 Disk utilization.
 .RE

-.RE
+.PD

 .SH TERSE OUTPUT
 If the \fB\-\-minimal\fR option is given, the results will be printed in a
 semicolon-delimited format suitable for scripted use.  The fields are:
 .SH TERSE OUTPUT
 If the \fB\-\-minimal\fR option is given, the results will be printed in a
 semicolon-delimited format suitable for scripted use.  The fields are:


@@ -718,7 +723,7 @@ Bandwidth:
 .RE
 .RE
 .P
 .RE
 .RE
 .P

-CPU usage;
+CPU usage:

 .RS
 .B user, system, context switches
 .RE
 .RS
 .B user, system, context switches
 .RE


@@ -738,12 +743,14 @@ IO latency distribution (ms):
 .SH AUTHORS
 .B fio
 was written by Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>.
 .SH AUTHORS
 .B fio
 was written by Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>.

-This man page was
-written by Aaron Carroll <aaronc@cse.unsw.edu.au> based
+.br
+This man page was written by Aaron Carroll <aaronc@cse.unsw.edu.au> based

 on documentation by Jens Axboe.
 .SH "REPORTING BUGS"
 on documentation by Jens Axboe.
 .SH "REPORTING BUGS"

-Report bugs to the \fBfio\fR mailing list <fio-devel@kernel.dk>.  See \fBREADME\fR.
+Report bugs to the \fBfio\fR mailing list <fio-devel@kernel.dk>.
+See \fBREADME\fR.

 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .SH "SEE ALSO"

-Further documentation is available in \fBfio\fR's \fBHOWTO\fR and \fBREADME\fR.
-Sample jobfiles are available in \fBfio\fR's \fBexamples/\fR directory.
+For further documentation see \fBHOWTO\fR and \fBREADME\fR.
+.br
+Sample jobfiles are available in the \fBexamples\fR directory.