Fio 3.34
[fio.git] / backend.c
index d2b97db07d6421372a0f2f87eee1b4528fbbe337..f541676c1d71607e8f81a315d3a2d505bb7d0c53 100644 (file)
--- a/backend.c
+++ b/backend.c
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
 
 int groupid = 0;
 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
+unsigned int nr_segments = 0;
+unsigned int cur_segment = 0;
 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
 int temp_stall_ts;
 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ pthread_mutex_t overlap_check = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 
 static void sig_int(int sig)
 {
-       if (segments[0].threads) {
+       if (nr_segments) {
                if (is_backend)
                        fio_server_got_signal(sig);
                else {
@@ -88,6 +90,22 @@ static void sig_int(int sig)
        }
 }
 
+#ifdef WIN32
+static void sig_break(int sig)
+{
+       sig_int(sig);
+
+       /**
+        * Windows terminates all job processes on SIGBREAK after the handler
+        * returns, so give them time to wrap-up and give stats
+        */
+       for_each_td(td) {
+               while (td->runstate < TD_EXITED)
+                       sleep(1);
+       } end_for_each();
+}
+#endif
+
 void sig_show_status(int sig)
 {
        show_running_run_stats();
@@ -110,7 +128,7 @@ static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 #ifdef WIN32
        memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
-       act.sa_handler = sig_int;
+       act.sa_handler = sig_break;
        act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
        sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 #endif
@@ -134,13 +152,10 @@ static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 static bool __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *now,
                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 {
-       unsigned long long bytes = 0;
-       unsigned long iops = 0;
-       unsigned long spent;
-       unsigned long long rate;
-       unsigned long long ratemin = 0;
-       unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
-       unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
+       unsigned long long current_rate_check_bytes = td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
+       unsigned long current_rate_check_blocks = td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
+       unsigned long long option_rate_bytes_min = td->o.ratemin[ddir];
+       unsigned int option_rate_iops_min = td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 
        assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 
@@ -153,68 +168,44 @@ static bool __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *now,
        if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
                return false;
 
-       iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
-       bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
-       ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
-       rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
-       rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
-
        /*
-        * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
+        * if last_rate_check_blocks or last_rate_check_bytes is set,
+        * we can compute a rate per ratecycle
         */
-       if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
-               spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
-               if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
+       if (td->last_rate_check_bytes[ddir] || td->last_rate_check_blocks[ddir]) {
+               unsigned long spent = mtime_since(&td->last_rate_check_time[ddir], now);
+               if (spent < td->o.ratecycle || spent==0)
                        return false;
 
-               if (td->o.rate[ddir] || td->o.ratemin[ddir]) {
+               if (td->o.ratemin[ddir]) {
                        /*
                         * check bandwidth specified rate
                         */
-                       if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
-                               log_err("%s: rate_min=%lluB/s not met, only transferred %lluB\n",
-                                       td->o.name, ratemin, bytes);
+                       unsigned long long current_rate_bytes =
+                               ((current_rate_check_bytes - td->last_rate_check_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
+                       if (current_rate_bytes < option_rate_bytes_min) {
+                               log_err("%s: rate_min=%lluB/s not met, got %lluB/s\n",
+                                       td->o.name, option_rate_bytes_min, current_rate_bytes);
                                return true;
-                       } else {
-                               if (spent)
-                                       rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
-                               else
-                                       rate = 0;
-
-                               if (rate < ratemin ||
-                                   bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
-                                       log_err("%s: rate_min=%lluB/s not met, got %lluB/s\n",
-                                               td->o.name, ratemin, rate);
-                                       return true;
-                               }
                        }
                } else {
                        /*
                         * checks iops specified rate
                         */
-                       if (iops < rate_iops) {
-                               log_err("%s: rate_iops_min=%u not met, only performed %lu IOs\n",
-                                               td->o.name, rate_iops, iops);
+                       unsigned long long current_rate_iops =
+                               ((current_rate_check_blocks - td->last_rate_check_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
+
+                       if (current_rate_iops < option_rate_iops_min) {
+                               log_err("%s: rate_iops_min=%u not met, got %llu IOPS\n",
+                                       td->o.name, option_rate_iops_min, current_rate_iops);
                                return true;
-                       } else {
-                               if (spent)
-                                       rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
-                               else
-                                       rate = 0;
-
-                               if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
-                                   iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
-                                       log_err("%s: rate_iops_min=%u not met, got %llu IOPS\n",
-                                               td->o.name, rate_iops_min, rate);
-                                       return true;
-                               }
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
-       td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
-       memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
+       td->last_rate_check_bytes[ddir] = current_rate_check_bytes;
+       td->last_rate_check_blocks[ddir] = current_rate_check_blocks;
+       memcpy(&td->last_rate_check_time[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
        return false;
 }
 
@@ -391,7 +382,7 @@ static bool break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
                        td_clear_error(td);
                        *retptr = 0;
                        return false;
-               } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
+               } else if (td->o.fill_device && (err == ENOSPC || err == EDQUOT)) {
                        /*
                         * We expect to hit this error if
                         * fill_device option is set.
@@ -437,7 +428,7 @@ static int wait_for_completions(struct thread_data *td, struct timespec *time)
        if ((full && !min_evts) || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete_min)
                min_evts = 1;
 
-       if (time && __should_check_rate(td))
+       if (time && should_check_rate(td))
                fio_gettime(time, NULL);
 
        do {
@@ -492,7 +483,7 @@ int io_queue_event(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u, int *ret,
                        requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
                } else {
 sync_done:
-                       if (comp_time && __should_check_rate(td))
+                       if (comp_time && should_check_rate(td))
                                fio_gettime(comp_time, NULL);
 
                        *ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u);
@@ -643,15 +634,6 @@ static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
        if (td->error)
                return;
 
-       /*
-        * verify_state needs to be reset before verification
-        * proceeds so that expected random seeds match actual
-        * random seeds in headers. The main loop will reset
-        * all random number generators if randrepeat is set.
-        */
-       if (!td->o.rand_repeatable)
-               td_fill_verify_state_seed(td);
-
        td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 
        io_u = NULL;
@@ -688,7 +670,7 @@ static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
                                break;
                        }
                } else {
-                       if (ddir_rw_sum(td->bytes_done) + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
+                       if (td->bytes_verified + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
                                break;
 
                        while ((io_u = get_io_u(td)) != NULL) {
@@ -717,6 +699,8 @@ static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
                                        break;
                                } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE) {
                                        io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
+                                       io_u->numberio = td->verify_read_issues;
+                                       td->verify_read_issues++;
                                        populate_verify_io_u(td, io_u);
                                        break;
                                } else {
@@ -835,7 +819,7 @@ static long long usec_for_io(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir)
        if (td->o.rate_process == RATE_PROCESS_POISSON) {
                uint64_t val, iops;
 
-               iops = bps / td->o.bs[ddir];
+               iops = bps / td->o.min_bs[ddir];
                val = (int64_t) (1000000 / iops) *
                                -logf(__rand_0_1(&td->poisson_state[ddir]));
                if (val) {
@@ -856,23 +840,70 @@ static long long usec_for_io(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir)
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_thinktime(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir)
+static void init_thinktime(struct thread_data *td)
+{
+       if (td->o.thinktime_blocks_type == THINKTIME_BLOCKS_TYPE_COMPLETE)
+               td->thinktime_blocks_counter = td->io_blocks;
+       else
+               td->thinktime_blocks_counter = td->io_issues;
+       td->last_thinktime = td->epoch;
+       td->last_thinktime_blocks = 0;
+}
+
+static void handle_thinktime(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
+                            struct timespec *time)
 {
        unsigned long long b;
+       unsigned long long runtime_left;
        uint64_t total;
        int left;
+       struct timespec now;
+       bool stall = false;
+
+       if (td->o.thinktime_iotime) {
+               fio_gettime(&now, NULL);
+               if (utime_since(&td->last_thinktime, &now)
+                   >= td->o.thinktime_iotime) {
+                       stall = true;
+               } else if (!fio_option_is_set(&td->o, thinktime_blocks)) {
+                       /*
+                        * When thinktime_iotime is set and thinktime_blocks is
+                        * not set, skip the thinktime_blocks check, since
+                        * thinktime_blocks default value 1 does not work
+                        * together with thinktime_iotime.
+                        */
+                       return;
+               }
 
-       b = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
-       if (b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)
+       }
+
+       b = ddir_rw_sum(td->thinktime_blocks_counter);
+       if (b >= td->last_thinktime_blocks + td->o.thinktime_blocks)
+               stall = true;
+
+       if (!stall)
                return;
 
        io_u_quiesce(td);
 
+       left = td->o.thinktime_spin;
+       if (td->o.timeout) {
+               runtime_left = td->o.timeout - utime_since_now(&td->epoch);
+               if (runtime_left < (unsigned long long)left)
+                       left = runtime_left;
+       }
+
        total = 0;
-       if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
-               total = usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
+       if (left)
+               total = usec_spin(left);
 
        left = td->o.thinktime - total;
+       if (td->o.timeout) {
+               runtime_left = td->o.timeout - utime_since_now(&td->epoch);
+               if (runtime_left < (unsigned long long)left)
+                       left = runtime_left;
+       }
+
        if (left)
                total += usec_sleep(td, left);
 
@@ -896,6 +927,15 @@ static void handle_thinktime(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir)
                /* adjust for rate_process=poisson */
                td->last_usec[ddir] += total;
        }
+
+       if (time && should_check_rate(td))
+               fio_gettime(time, NULL);
+
+       td->last_thinktime_blocks = b;
+       if (td->o.thinktime_iotime) {
+               fio_gettime(&now, NULL);
+               td->last_thinktime = now;
+       }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -937,9 +977,11 @@ static void do_io(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t *bytes_done)
                total_bytes += td->o.size;
 
        /* In trimwrite mode, each byte is trimmed and then written, so
-        * allow total_bytes to be twice as big */
-       if (td_trimwrite(td))
+        * allow total_bytes or number of ios to be twice as big */
+       if (td_trimwrite(td)) {
                total_bytes += td->total_io_size;
+               td->o.number_ios *= 2;
+       }
 
        while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
                (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_issue_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
@@ -994,8 +1036,13 @@ static void do_io(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t *bytes_done)
                        break;
                }
 
-               if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE && td->flags & TD_F_DO_VERIFY)
-                       populate_verify_io_u(td, io_u);
+               if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE && td->flags & TD_F_DO_VERIFY) {
+                       if (!(io_u->flags & IO_U_F_PATTERN_DONE)) {
+                               io_u_set(td, io_u, IO_U_F_PATTERN_DONE);
+                               io_u->numberio = td->io_issues[io_u->ddir];
+                               populate_verify_io_u(td, io_u);
+                       }
+               }
 
                ddir = io_u->ddir;
 
@@ -1049,8 +1096,10 @@ static void do_io(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t *bytes_done)
                                td->rate_io_issue_bytes[__ddir] += blen;
                        }
 
-                       if (should_check_rate(td))
+                       if (should_check_rate(td)) {
                                td->rate_next_io_time[__ddir] = usec_for_io(td, __ddir);
+                               fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
+                       }
 
                } else {
                        ret = io_u_submit(td, io_u);
@@ -1074,6 +1123,10 @@ reap:
                }
                if (ret < 0)
                        break;
+
+               if (ddir_rw(ddir) && td->o.thinktime)
+                       handle_thinktime(td, ddir, &comp_time);
+
                if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->bytes_done) &&
                    !td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_NOIO))
                        continue;
@@ -1088,9 +1141,6 @@ reap:
                }
                if (!in_ramp_time(td) && td->o.latency_target)
                        lat_target_check(td);
-
-               if (ddir_rw(ddir) && td->o.thinktime)
-                       handle_thinktime(td, ddir);
        }
 
        check_update_rusage(td);
@@ -1098,7 +1148,7 @@ reap:
        if (td->trim_entries)
                log_err("fio: %lu trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
 
-       if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
+       if (td->o.fill_device && (td->error == ENOSPC || td->error == EDQUOT)) {
                td->error = 0;
                fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
        }
@@ -1113,7 +1163,8 @@ reap:
 
                if (i) {
                        ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i);
-                       if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
+                       if (td->o.fill_device &&
+                           (td->error == ENOSPC || td->error == EDQUOT))
                                td->error = 0;
                }
 
@@ -1128,8 +1179,11 @@ reap:
                                                                f->file_name);
                        }
                }
-       } else
+       } else {
+               if (td->o.io_submit_mode == IO_MODE_OFFLOAD)
+                       workqueue_flush(&td->io_wq);
                cleanup_pending_aio(td);
+       }
 
        /*
         * stop job if we failed doing any IO
@@ -1254,7 +1308,8 @@ static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
                }
        }
 
-       init_io_u_buffers(td);
+       if (init_io_u_buffers(td))
+               return 1;
 
        if (init_file_completion_logging(td, max_units))
                return 1;
@@ -1285,7 +1340,7 @@ int init_io_u_buffers(struct thread_data *td)
         * overflow later. this adjustment may be too much if we get
         * lucky and the allocator gives us an aligned address.
         */
-       if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || td->o.oatomic ||
+       if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
            td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_RAWIO))
                td->orig_buffer_size += page_mask + td->o.mem_align;
 
@@ -1304,7 +1359,7 @@ int init_io_u_buffers(struct thread_data *td)
        if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
                return 1;
 
-       if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || td->o.oatomic ||
+       if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
            td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_RAWIO))
                p = PTR_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer, page_mask) + td->o.mem_align;
        else
@@ -1334,22 +1389,19 @@ int init_io_u_buffers(struct thread_data *td)
        return 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH
 /*
- * This function is Linux specific.
+ * These functions are Linux specific.
  * FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH enabled currently means it's Linux.
  */
-static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
+static int set_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *file)
 {
-#ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH
        char tmp[256], tmp2[128], *p;
        FILE *f;
        int ret;
 
-       if (td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_DISKLESSIO))
-               return 0;
-
-       assert(td->files && td->files[0]);
-       sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->files[0]->du->sysfs_root);
+       assert(file->du && file->du->sysfs_root);
+       sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", file->du->sysfs_root);
 
        f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
        if (!f) {
@@ -1402,7 +1454,7 @@ static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 
        sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
        if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
-               log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
+               log_err("fio: unable to set io scheduler to %s\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
                td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
                fclose(f);
                return 1;
@@ -1410,11 +1462,55 @@ static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 
        fclose(f);
        return 0;
+}
+
+static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
+{
+       struct fio_file *f;
+       unsigned int i;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_DISKLESSIO))
+               return 0;
+
+       assert(td->files && td->files[0]);
+
+       for_each_file(td, f, i) {
+
+               /* Only consider regular files and block device files */
+               switch (f->filetype) {
+               case FIO_TYPE_FILE:
+               case FIO_TYPE_BLOCK:
+                       /*
+                        * Make sure that the device hosting the file could
+                        * be determined.
+                        */
+                       if (!f->du)
+                               continue;
+                       break;
+               case FIO_TYPE_CHAR:
+               case FIO_TYPE_PIPE:
+               default:
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               ret = set_ioscheduler(td, f);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
 #else
+
+static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
+{
        return 0;
-#endif
 }
 
+#endif /* FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH */
+
 static bool keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
 {
        unsigned long long limit;
@@ -1692,9 +1788,26 @@ static void *thread_main(void *data)
        if (!init_iolog(td))
                goto err;
 
+       /* ioprio_set() has to be done before td_io_init() */
+       if (fio_option_is_set(o, ioprio) ||
+           fio_option_is_set(o, ioprio_class)) {
+               ret = ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
+               if (ret == -1) {
+                       td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
+                       goto err;
+               }
+               td->ioprio = ioprio_value(o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
+               td->ts.ioprio = td->ioprio;
+       }
+
        if (td_io_init(td))
                goto err;
 
+       if (td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_SYNCIO) && td->o.iodepth > 1 && td->o.io_submit_mode != IO_MODE_OFFLOAD) {
+               log_info("note: both iodepth >= 1 and synchronous I/O engine "
+                        "are selected, queue depth will be capped at 1\n");
+       }
+
        if (init_io_u(td))
                goto err;
 
@@ -1704,15 +1817,6 @@ static void *thread_main(void *data)
        if (o->verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
                goto err;
 
-       if (fio_option_is_set(o, ioprio) ||
-           fio_option_is_set(o, ioprio_class)) {
-               ret = ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
-               if (ret == -1) {
-                       td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
-                       goto err;
-               }
-       }
-
        if (o->cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
                goto err;
 
@@ -1742,19 +1846,21 @@ static void *thread_main(void *data)
        if (rate_submit_init(td, sk_out))
                goto err;
 
-       set_epoch_time(td, o->log_unix_epoch);
+       set_epoch_time(td, o->log_unix_epoch | o->log_alternate_epoch, o->log_alternate_epoch_clock_id);
        fio_getrusage(&td->ru_start);
        memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
        memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
        memcpy(&td->ss.prev_time, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
 
+       init_thinktime(td);
+
        if (o->ratemin[DDIR_READ] || o->ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
                        o->ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
-               memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
+               memcpy(&td->last_rate_check_time[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
                                        sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
-               memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
+               memcpy(&td->last_rate_check_time[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
                                        sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
-               memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
+               memcpy(&td->last_rate_check_time[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
                                        sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
        }
 
@@ -1779,8 +1885,12 @@ static void *thread_main(void *data)
                if (td->o.verify_only && td_write(td))
                        verify_bytes = do_dry_run(td);
                else {
+                       if (!td->o.rand_repeatable)
+                               /* save verify rand state to replay hdr seeds later at verify */
+                               frand_copy(&td->verify_state_last_do_io, &td->verify_state);
                        do_io(td, bytes_done);
-
+                       if (!td->o.rand_repeatable)
+                               frand_copy(&td->verify_state, &td->verify_state_last_do_io);
                        if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done)) {
                                fio_mark_td_terminate(td);
                                verify_bytes = 0;
@@ -1820,7 +1930,8 @@ static void *thread_main(void *data)
                        }
                } while (1);
 
-               if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ])
+               if (td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ] && (td_read(td) ||
+                       ((td->flags & TD_F_VER_BACKLOG) && td_write(td))))
                        update_runtime(td, elapsed_us, DDIR_READ);
                if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE])
                        update_runtime(td, elapsed_us, DDIR_WRITE);
@@ -1942,18 +2053,17 @@ err:
 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, uint64_t *t_rate,
                         uint64_t *m_rate)
 {
-       struct thread_data *td;
        unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
-       int i, status, ret;
+       int status, ret;
 
        /*
         * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
         */
        realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
-       for_each_td(td, i) {
+       for_each_td(td) {
                int flags = 0;
 
-                if (!strcmp(td->o.ioengine, "cpuio"))
+               if (!strcmp(td->o.ioengine, "cpuio"))
                        cputhreads++;
                else
                        realthreads++;
@@ -2043,7 +2153,7 @@ reaped:
                done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
                profile_td_exit(td);
                flow_exit_job(td);
-       }
+       } end_for_each();
 
        if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
                fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, TERMINATE_ALL);
@@ -2170,13 +2280,11 @@ static bool waitee_running(struct thread_data *me)
 {
        const char *waitee = me->o.wait_for;
        const char *self = me->o.name;
-       struct thread_data *td;
-       int i;
 
        if (!waitee)
                return false;
 
-       for_each_td(td, i) {
+       for_each_td(td) {
                if (!strcmp(td->o.name, self) || strcmp(td->o.name, waitee))
                        continue;
 
@@ -2186,7 +2294,7 @@ static bool waitee_running(struct thread_data *me)
                                        runstate_to_name(td->runstate));
                        return true;
                }
-       }
+       } end_for_each();
 
        dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: %s completed, can run\n", self, waitee);
        return false;
@@ -2210,14 +2318,14 @@ static void run_threads(struct sk_out *sk_out)
        set_sig_handlers();
 
        nr_thread = nr_process = 0;
-       for_each_td(td, i) {
+       for_each_td(td) {
                if (check_mount_writes(td))
                        return;
                if (td->o.use_thread)
                        nr_thread++;
                else
                        nr_process++;
-       }
+       } end_for_each();
 
        if (output_format & FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
                struct buf_output out;
@@ -2243,7 +2351,7 @@ static void run_threads(struct sk_out *sk_out)
        nr_started = 0;
        m_rate = t_rate = 0;
 
-       for_each_td(td, i) {
+       for_each_td(td) {
                print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
 
                if (!td->o.create_serialize)
@@ -2279,7 +2387,7 @@ reap:
                                        td_io_close_file(td, f);
                        }
                }
-       }
+       } end_for_each();
 
        /* start idle threads before io threads start to run */
        fio_idle_prof_start();
@@ -2295,7 +2403,7 @@ reap:
                /*
                 * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
                 */
-               for_each_td(td, i) {
+               for_each_td(td) {
                        if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
                                continue;
 
@@ -2364,15 +2472,21 @@ reap:
                                                        strerror(ret));
                        } else {
                                pid_t pid;
+                               void *eo;
                                dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
+                               eo = td->eo;
+                               read_barrier();
                                pid = fork();
                                if (!pid) {
                                        int ret;
 
                                        ret = (int)(uintptr_t)thread_main(fd);
                                        _exit(ret);
-                               } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
+                               } else if (__td_index == fio_debug_jobno)
                                        *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
+                               free(eo);
+                               free(fd);
+                               fd = NULL;
                        }
                        dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_sem\n");
                        if (fio_sem_down_timeout(startup_sem, 10000)) {
@@ -2384,7 +2498,7 @@ reap:
                                break;
                        }
                        dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_sem\n");
-               }
+               } end_for_each();
 
                /*
                 * Wait for the started threads to transition to
@@ -2429,7 +2543,7 @@ reap:
                /*
                 * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
                 */
-               for_each_td(td, i) {
+               for_each_td(td) {
                        if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
                                continue;
 
@@ -2443,7 +2557,7 @@ reap:
                        t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
                        todo--;
                        fio_sem_up(td->sem);
-               }
+               } end_for_each();
 
                reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
 
@@ -2469,9 +2583,7 @@ static void free_disk_util(void)
 
 int fio_backend(struct sk_out *sk_out)
 {
-       struct thread_data *td;
        int i;
-
        if (exec_profile) {
                if (load_profile(exec_profile))
                        return 1;
@@ -2491,6 +2603,11 @@ int fio_backend(struct sk_out *sk_out)
                setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], &p, "agg-trim_bw.log");
        }
 
+       if (init_global_dedupe_working_set_seeds()) {
+               log_err("fio: failed to initialize global dedupe working set\n");
+               return 1;
+       }
+
        startup_sem = fio_sem_init(FIO_SEM_LOCKED);
        if (!sk_out)
                is_local_backend = true;
@@ -2522,16 +2639,20 @@ int fio_backend(struct sk_out *sk_out)
                }
        }
 
-       for_each_td(td, i) {
+       for_each_td(td) {
+               struct thread_stat *ts = &td->ts;
+
+               free_clat_prio_stats(ts);
                steadystate_free(td);
                fio_options_free(td);
+               fio_dump_options_free(td);
                if (td->rusage_sem) {
                        fio_sem_remove(td->rusage_sem);
                        td->rusage_sem = NULL;
                }
                fio_sem_remove(td->sem);
                td->sem = NULL;
-       }
+       } end_for_each();
 
        free_disk_util();
        if (cgroup_list) {