X-Git-Url: https://git.kernel.dk/?p=fio.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=HOWTO;h=1fb30db656e4c722dab850c8de6863ec62fe3f97;hp=72a29a96eb1f05f69561fe85086fd9c5aa6e5cbc;hb=f681d0bac9c42e5d6bcb3601d2f3cfaa1c2cefb4;hpb=eb52fa3f9b91181dd87335998b94864ab9c14d6c diff --git a/HOWTO b/HOWTO index 72a29a96..1fb30db6 100644 --- a/HOWTO +++ b/HOWTO @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ filename=str Fio normally makes up a filename based on the job name, files between threads in a job or several jobs, specify a filename for each of them to override the default. If the ioengine used is 'net', the filename is the host, port, - and protocol to use in the format of =host/port/protocol. + and protocol to use in the format of =host,port,protocol. See ioengine=net for more. If the ioengine is file based, you can specify a number of files by separating the names with a ':' colon. So if you wanted a job to open /dev/sda and /dev/sdb @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ rw=str Type of io pattern. Accepted values are: write Sequential writes randwrite Random writes randread Random reads - rw Sequential mixed reads and writes + rw,readwrite Sequential mixed reads and writes randrw Random mixed reads and writes For the mixed io types, the default is to split them 50/50. @@ -319,8 +319,12 @@ rw=str Type of io pattern. Accepted values are: a number of IO's to do before getting a new offset, this is one by appending a ':' to the end of the string given. For a random read, it would look like 'rw=randread:8' for - passing in an offset modifier with a value of 8. See the - 'rw_sequencer' option. + passing in an offset modifier with a value of 8. If the + suffix is used with a sequential IO pattern, then the value + specified will be added to the generated offset for each IO. + For instance, using rw=write:4k will skip 4k for every + write. It turns sequential IO into sequential IO with holes. + See the 'rw_sequencer' option. rw_sequencer=str If an offset modifier is given by appending a number to the rw= line, then this option controls how that @@ -477,6 +481,29 @@ refill_buffers If this option is given, fio will refill the IO buffers isn't specified, naturally. If data verification is enabled, refill_buffers is also automatically enabled. +scramble_buffers=bool If refill_buffers is too costly and the target is + using data deduplication, then setting this option will + slightly modify the IO buffer contents to defeat normal + de-dupe attempts. This is not enough to defeat more clever + block compression attempts, but it will stop naive dedupe of + blocks. Default: true. + +buffer_compress_percentage=int If this is set, then fio will attempt to + provide IO buffer content (on WRITEs) that compress to + the specified level. Fio does this by providing a mix of + random data and zeroes. Note that this is per block size + unit, for file/disk wide compression level that matches + this setting, you'll also want to set refill_buffers. + +buffer_compress_chunk=int See buffer_compress_percentage. This + setting allows fio to manage how big the ranges of random + data and zeroed data is. Without this set, fio will + provide buffer_compress_percentage of blocksize random + data, followed by the remaining zeroed. With this set + to some chunk size smaller than the block size, fio can + alternate random and zeroed data throughout the IO + buffer. + nrfiles=int Number of files to use for this job. Defaults to 1. openfiles=int Number of files to keep open at the same time. Defaults to @@ -513,6 +540,7 @@ ioengine=str Defines how the job issues io to the file. The following libaio Linux native asynchronous io. Note that Linux may only support queued behaviour with non-buffered IO (set direct=1 or buffered=0). + This engine defines engine specific options. posixaio glibc posix asynchronous io. @@ -541,16 +569,16 @@ ioengine=str Defines how the job issues io to the file. The following itself and for debugging/testing purposes. net Transfer over the network to given host:port. - 'filename' must be set appropriately to - filename=host/port/protocol regardless of send - or receive, if the latter only the port - argument is used. 'host' may be an IP address - or hostname, port is the port number to be used, - and protocol may be 'udp' or 'tcp'. If no - protocol is given, TCP is used. + Depending on the protocol used, the hostname, + port, listen and filename options are used to + specify what sort of connection to make, while + the protocol option determines which protocol + will be used. + This engine defines engine specific options. netsplice Like net, but uses splice/vmsplice to map data and send/receive. + This engine defines engine specific options. cpuio Doesn't transfer any data, but burns CPU cycles according to the cpuload= and @@ -574,6 +602,16 @@ ioengine=str Defines how the job issues io to the file. The following channel semantics (Send/Recv) for the InfiniBand, RoCE and iWARP protocols. + falloc IO engine that does regular fallocate to + simulate data transfer as fio ioengine. + DDIR_READ does fallocate(,mode = keep_size,) + DDIR_WRITE does fallocate(,mode = 0) + DDIR_TRIM does fallocate(,mode = punch_hole) + + e4defrag IO engine that does regular EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT + ioctls to simulate defragment activity in + request to DDIR_WRITE event + external Prefix to specify loading an external IO engine object file. Append the engine filename, eg ioengine=external:/tmp/foo.o @@ -615,6 +653,7 @@ iodepth_low=int The low water mark indicating when to start filling direct=bool If value is true, use non-buffered io. This is usually O_DIRECT. Note that ZFS on Solaris doesn't support direct io. + On Windows the synchronous ioengines don't support direct io. buffered=bool If value is true, use buffered io. This is the opposite of the 'direct' option. Defaults to true. @@ -623,6 +662,13 @@ offset=int Start io at the given offset in the file. The data before the given offset will not be touched. This effectively caps the file size at real_size - offset. +offset_increment=int If this is provided, then the real offset becomes + the offset + offset_increment * thread_number, where the + thread number is a counter that starts at 0 and is incremented + for each job. This option is useful if there are several jobs + which are intended to operate on a file in parallel in disjoint + segments, with even spacing between the starting points. + fsync=int If writing to a file, issue a sync of the dirty data for every number of blocks given. For example, if you give 32 as a parameter, fio will sync the file for every 32 @@ -632,7 +678,7 @@ fsync=int If writing to a file, issue a sync of the dirty data fdatasync=int Like fsync= but uses fdatasync() to only sync data and not metadata blocks. - In FreeBSD there is no fdatasync(), this falls back to + In FreeBSD and Windows there is no fdatasync(), this falls back to using fsync() sync_file_range=str:val Use sync_file_range() for every 'val' number of @@ -843,6 +889,9 @@ exitall When one job finishes, terminate the rest. The default is bwavgtime=int Average the calculated bandwidth over the given time. Value is specified in milliseconds. +iopsavgtime=int Average the calculated IOPS over the given time. Value + is specified in milliseconds. + create_serialize=bool If true, serialize the file creating for the jobs. This may be handy to avoid interleaving of data files, which may greatly depend on the filesystem @@ -854,6 +903,11 @@ create_fsync=bool fsync the data file after creation. This is the create_on_open=bool Don't pre-setup the files for IO, just create open() when it's time to do IO to that file. +create_only=bool If true, fio will only run the setup phase of the job. + If files need to be laid out or updated on disk, only + that will be done. The actual job contents are not + executed. + pre_read=bool If this is given, files will be pre-read into memory before starting the given IO operation. This will also clear the 'invalidate' flag, since it is pointless to pre-read @@ -957,7 +1011,7 @@ verify_fatal=bool Normally fio will keep checking the entire contents verify_dump=bool If set, dump the contents of both the original data block and the data block we read off disk to files. This allows later analysis to inspect just what kind of data - corruption occurred. On by default. + corruption occurred. Off by default. verify_async=int Fio will normally verify IO inline from the submitting thread. This option takes an integer describing how many @@ -999,22 +1053,22 @@ wait_for_previous Wait for preceeding jobs in the job file to exit, before points in the job file. A stone wall also implies starting a new reporting group. -new_group Start a new reporting group. If this option isn't given, - jobs in a file will be part of the same reporting group - unless separated by a stone wall (or if it's a group - by itself, with the numjobs option). +new_group Start a new reporting group. See: group_reporting. numjobs=int Create the specified number of clones of this job. May be used to setup a larger number of threads/processes doing - the same thing. We regard that grouping of jobs as a - specific group. - -group_reporting If 'numjobs' is set, it may be interesting to display - statistics for the group as a whole instead of for each - individual job. This is especially true of 'numjobs' is - large, looking at individual thread/process output quickly - becomes unwieldy. If 'group_reporting' is specified, fio - will show the final report per-group instead of per-job. + the same thing. Each thread is reported separately; to see + statistics for all clones as a whole, use group_reporting in + conjunction with new_group. + +group_reporting It may sometimes be interesting to display statistics for + groups of jobs as a whole instead of for each individual job. + This is especially true if 'numjobs' is used; looking at + individual thread/process output quickly becomes unwieldy. + To see the final report per-group instead of per-job, use + 'group_reporting'. Jobs in a file will be part of the same + reporting group, unless if separated by a stonewall, or by + using 'new_group'. thread fio defaults to forking jobs, however if this option is given, fio will use pthread_create(3) to create threads @@ -1068,8 +1122,8 @@ write_bw_log=str If given, write a bandwidth log of the jobs in this job file. Can be used to store data of the bandwidth of the jobs in their lifetime. The included fio_generate_plots script uses gnuplot to turn these text files into nice - graphs. See write_log_log for behaviour of given - filename. For this option, the postfix is _bw.log. + graphs. See write_lat_log for behaviour of given + filename. For this option, the suffix is _bw.log. write_lat_log=str Same as write_bw_log, except that this option stores io submission, completion, and total latencies instead. If no @@ -1083,6 +1137,21 @@ write_lat_log=str Same as write_bw_log, except that this option stores io and foo_lat.log. This helps fio_generate_plot fine the logs automatically. +write_bw_log=str If given, write an IOPS log of the jobs in this job + file. See write_bw_log. + +write_iops_log=str Same as write_bw_log, but writes IOPS. If no filename is + given with this option, the default filename of + "jobname_type.log" is used. Even if the filename is given, + fio will still append the type of log. + +log_avg_msec=int By default, fio will log an entry in the iops, latency, + or bw log for every IO that completes. When writing to the + disk log, that can quickly grow to a very large size. Setting + this option makes fio average the each log entry over the + specified period of time, reducing the resolution of the log. + Defaults to 0. + lockmem=int Pin down the specified amount of memory with mlock(2). Can potentially be used instead of removing memory or booting with less memory to simulate a smaller amount of memory. @@ -1096,12 +1165,6 @@ exec_postrun=str After the job completes, issue the command specified ioscheduler=str Attempt to switch the device hosting the file to the specified io scheduler before running. -cpuload=int If the job is a CPU cycle eater, attempt to use the specified - percentage of CPU cycles. - -cpuchunks=int If the job is a CPU cycle eater, split the load into - cycles of the given time. In microseconds. - disk_util=bool Generate disk utilization statistics, if the platform supports it. Defaults to on. @@ -1152,7 +1215,7 @@ gtod_cpu=int Sometimes it's cheaper to dedicate a single thread of uses. Fio will manually clear it from the CPU mask of other jobs. -continue_on_error=bool Normally fio will exit the job on the first observed +continue_on_error=str Normally fio will exit the job on the first observed failure. If this option is set, fio will continue the job when there is a 'non-fatal error' (EIO or EILSEQ) until the runtime is exceeded or the I/O size specified is completed. If this @@ -1161,6 +1224,37 @@ continue_on_error=bool Normally fio will exit the job on the first observed given in the stats is the first error that was hit during the run. + The allowed values are: + + none Exit on any IO or verify errors. + + read Continue on read errors, exit on all others. + + write Continue on write errors, exit on all others. + + io Continue on any IO error, exit on all others. + + verify Continue on verify errors, exit on all others. + + all Continue on all errors. + + 0 Backward-compatible alias for 'none'. + + 1 Backward-compatible alias for 'all'. + +ignore_error=str Sometimes you want to ignore some errors during test + in that case you can specify error list for each error type. + ignore_error=READ_ERR_LIST,WRITE_ERR_LIST,VERIFY_ERR_LIST + errors for given error type is separated with ':'. Error + may be symbol ('ENOSPC', 'ENOMEM') or integer. + Example: + ignore_error=EAGAIN,ENOSPC:122 + This option will ignore EAGAIN from READ, and ENOSPC and + 122(EDQUOT) from WRITE. + +error_dump=bool If set dump every error even if it is non fatal, true + by default. If disabled only fatal error will be dumped + cgroup=str Add job to this control group. If it doesn't exist, it will be created. The system must have a mounted cgroup blkio mount point for this to work. If your system doesn't have it @@ -1183,6 +1277,77 @@ uid=int Instead of running as the invoking user, set the user ID to gid=int Set group ID, see uid. +flow_id=int The ID of the flow. If not specified, it defaults to being a + global flow. See flow. + +flow=int Weight in token-based flow control. If this value is used, then + there is a 'flow counter' which is used to regulate the + proportion of activity between two or more jobs. fio attempts + to keep this flow counter near zero. The 'flow' parameter + stands for how much should be added or subtracted to the flow + counter on each iteration of the main I/O loop. That is, if + one job has flow=8 and another job has flow=-1, then there + will be a roughly 1:8 ratio in how much one runs vs the other. + +flow_watermark=int The maximum value that the absolute value of the flow + counter is allowed to reach before the job must wait for a + lower value of the counter. + +flow_sleep=int The period of time, in microseconds, to wait after the flow + watermark has been exceeded before retrying operations + +In addition, there are some parameters which are only valid when a specific +ioengine is in use. These are used identically to normal parameters, with the +caveat that when used on the command line, they must come after the ioengine +that defines them is selected. + +[libaio] userspace_reap Normally, with the libaio engine in use, fio will use + the io_getevents system call to reap newly returned events. + With this flag turned on, the AIO ring will be read directly + from user-space to reap events. The reaping mode is only + enabled when polling for a minimum of 0 events (eg when + iodepth_batch_complete=0). + +[cpu] cpuload=int Attempt to use the specified percentage of CPU cycles. + +[cpu] cpuchunks=int Split the load into cycles of the given time. In + microseconds. + +[netsplice] hostname=str +[net] hostname=str The host name or IP address to use for TCP or UDP based IO. + If the job is a TCP listener or UDP reader, the hostname is not + used and must be omitted. + +[netsplice] port=int +[net] port=int The TCP or UDP port to bind to or connect to. + +[netsplice] protocol=str +[netsplice] proto=str +[net] protocol=str +[net] proto=str The network protocol to use. Accepted values are: + + tcp Transmission control protocol + udp User datagram protocol + unix UNIX domain socket + + When the protocol is TCP or UDP, the port must also be given, + as well as the hostname if the job is a TCP listener or UDP + reader. For unix sockets, the normal filename option should be + used and the port is invalid. + +[net] listen For TCP network connections, tell fio to listen for incoming + connections rather than initiating an outgoing connection. The + hostname must be omitted if this option is used. +[e4defrag] donorname=str + File will be used as a block donor(swap extents between files) +[e4defrag] inplace=int + Configure donor file blocks allocation strategy + 0(default): Preallocate donor's file on init + 1 : allocate space immidietly inside defragment event, + and free right after event + + + 6.0 Interpreting the output --------------------------- @@ -1209,13 +1374,17 @@ I Thread initialized, waiting. F Running, currently waiting for fsync() V Running, doing verification of written data. E Thread exited, not reaped by main thread yet. -_ Thread reaped. +_ Thread reaped, or +X Thread reaped, exited with an error. +K Thread reaped, exited due to signal. The other values are fairly self explanatory - number of threads currently running and doing io, rate of io since last check (read speed listed first, then write speed), and the estimated completion percentage and time for the running group. It's impossible to estimate runtime of -the following groups (if any). +the following groups (if any). Note that the string is displayed in order, +so it's possible to tell which of the jobs are currently doing what. The +first character is the first job defined in the job file, and so forth. When fio is done (or interrupted by ctrl-c), it will show the data for each thread, group of threads, and disks in that order. For each data @@ -1248,7 +1417,8 @@ runt= The runtime of that thread latency, since queue/complete is one operation there. This value can be in milliseconds or microseconds, fio will choose the most appropriate base and print that. In the example - above, milliseconds is the best scale. + above, milliseconds is the best scale. Note: in --minimal mode + latencies are always expressed in microseconds. clat= Completion latency. Same names as slat, this denotes the time from submission to completion of the io pieces. For sync io, clat will usually be equal (or very close) to 0, @@ -1313,6 +1483,9 @@ io_queue= Total time spent in the disk queue. util= The disk utilization. A value of 100% means we kept the disk busy constantly, 50% would be a disk idling half of the time. +It is also possible to get fio to dump the current output while it is +running, without terminating the job. To do that, send fio the USR1 signal. + 7.0 Terse output ---------------- @@ -1333,27 +1506,43 @@ signify that change. Split up, the format is as follows: - version, jobname, groupid, error + terse version, fio version, jobname, groupid, error READ status: - KB IO, bandwidth (KB/sec), runtime (msec) - Submission latency: min, max, mean, deviation - Completion latency: min, max, mean, deviation - Total latency: min, max, mean, deviation - Bw: min, max, aggregate percentage of total, mean, deviation + Total IO (KB), bandwidth (KB/sec), IOPS, runtime (msec) + Submission latency: min, max, mean, deviation (usec) + Completion latency: min, max, mean, deviation (usec) + Completion latency percentiles: 20 fields (see below) + Total latency: min, max, mean, deviation (usec) + Bw (KB/s): min, max, aggregate percentage of total, mean, deviation WRITE status: - KB IO, bandwidth (KB/sec), runtime (msec) - Submission latency: min, max, mean, deviation - Completion latency: min, max, mean, deviation - Total latency: min, max, mean, deviation - Bw: min, max, aggregate percentage of total, mean, deviation + Total IO (KB), bandwidth (KB/sec), IOPS, runtime (msec) + Submission latency: min, max, mean, deviation (usec) + Completion latency: min, max, mean, deviation (usec) + Completion latency percentiles: 20 fields (see below) + Total latency: min, max, mean, deviation (usec) + Bw (KB/s): min, max, aggregate percentage of total, mean, deviation CPU usage: user, system, context switches, major faults, minor faults IO depths: <=1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, >=64 IO latencies microseconds: <=2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000 IO latencies milliseconds: <=2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, >=2000 + Disk utilization: Disk name, Read ios, write ios, + Read merges, write merges, + Read ticks, write ticks, + Time spent in queue, disk utilization percentage Additional Info (dependant on continue_on_error, default off): total # errors, first error code Additional Info (dependant on description being set): Text description +Completion latency percentiles can be a grouping of up to 20 sets, so +for the terse output fio writes all of them. Each field will look like this: + + 1.00%=6112 + +which is the Xth percentile, and the usec latency associated with it. + +For disk utilization, all disks used by fio are shown. So for each disk +there will be a disk utilization section. + 8.0 Trace file format ---------------------