t/io_uring: print file depths
[fio.git] / zbd.c
diff --git a/zbd.c b/zbd.c
index f4105b422522ae5ba15cef0bd8d8f020d1d0a6e9..8acda1f62f32bcf38c458f3eb67110e54262da7c 100644 (file)
--- a/zbd.c
+++ b/zbd.c
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ static uint32_t zbd_zone_idx(const struct fio_file *f, uint64_t offset)
 {
        uint32_t zone_idx;
 
-       if (f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2)
+       if (f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 > 0)
                zone_idx = offset >> f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2;
        else
-               zone_idx = (offset >> 9) / f->zbd_info->zone_size;
+               zone_idx = offset / f->zbd_info->zone_size;
 
        return min(zone_idx, f->zbd_info->nr_zones);
 }
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static bool zbd_zone_full(const struct fio_file *f, struct fio_zone_info *z,
        assert((required & 511) == 0);
 
        return z->type == BLK_ZONE_TYPE_SEQWRITE_REQ &&
-               z->wp + (required >> 9) > z->start + f->zbd_info->zone_size;
+               z->wp + required > z->start + f->zbd_info->zone_size;
 }
 
 static bool is_valid_offset(const struct fio_file *f, uint64_t offset)
@@ -121,31 +121,31 @@ static bool zbd_verify_sizes(void)
                                continue;
                        zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset);
                        z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
-                       if (f->file_offset != (z->start << 9)) {
-                               new_offset = (z+1)->start << 9;
+                       if (f->file_offset != z->start) {
+                               new_offset = (z+1)->start;
                                if (new_offset >= f->file_offset + f->io_size) {
                                        log_info("%s: io_size must be at least one zone\n",
                                                 f->file_name);
                                        return false;
                                }
-                               log_info("%s: rounded up offset from %lu to %lu\n",
-                                        f->file_name, f->file_offset,
-                                        new_offset);
+                               log_info("%s: rounded up offset from %llu to %llu\n",
+                                        f->file_name, (unsigned long long) f->file_offset,
+                                        (unsigned long long) new_offset);
                                f->io_size -= (new_offset - f->file_offset);
                                f->file_offset = new_offset;
                        }
                        zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset + f->io_size);
                        z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
-                       new_end = z->start << 9;
+                       new_end = z->start;
                        if (f->file_offset + f->io_size != new_end) {
                                if (new_end <= f->file_offset) {
                                        log_info("%s: io_size must be at least one zone\n",
                                                 f->file_name);
                                        return false;
                                }
-                               log_info("%s: rounded down io_size from %lu to %lu\n",
-                                        f->file_name, f->io_size,
-                                        new_end - f->file_offset);
+                               log_info("%s: rounded down io_size from %llu to %llu\n",
+                                        f->file_name, (unsigned long long) f->io_size,
+                                        (unsigned long long) new_end - f->file_offset);
                                f->io_size = new_end - f->file_offset;
                        }
                }
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ static bool zbd_verify_bs(void)
                        zone_size = f->zbd_info->zone_size;
                        for (k = 0; k < ARRAY_SIZE(td->o.bs); k++) {
                                if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
-                                   (zone_size << 9) % td->o.bs[k] != 0) {
+                                   zone_size % td->o.bs[k] != 0) {
                                        log_info("%s: block size %llu is not a divisor of the zone size %d\n",
                                                 f->file_name, td->o.bs[k],
-                                                zone_size << 9);
+                                                zone_size);
                                        return false;
                                }
                        }
@@ -273,9 +273,9 @@ static int init_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
        pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
        int i;
 
-       zone_size = td->o.zone_size >> 9;
+       zone_size = td->o.zone_size;
        assert(zone_size);
-       nr_zones = ((f->real_file_size >> 9) + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
+       nr_zones = (f->real_file_size + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
        zbd_info = scalloc(1, sizeof(*zbd_info) +
                           (nr_zones + 1) * sizeof(zbd_info->zone_info[0]));
        if (!zbd_info)
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ static int init_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
        f->zbd_info = zbd_info;
        f->zbd_info->zone_size = zone_size;
        f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 = is_power_of_2(zone_size) ?
-               ilog2(zone_size) + 9 : -1;
+               ilog2(zone_size) : -1;
        f->zbd_info->nr_zones = nr_zones;
        pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
        return 0;
@@ -351,20 +351,21 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
                goto close;
        }
        z = (void *)(hdr + 1);
-       zone_size = z->len;
-       nr_zones = ((f->real_file_size >> 9) + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
+       zone_size = z->len << 9;
+       nr_zones = (f->real_file_size + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
 
        if (td->o.zone_size == 0) {
-               td->o.zone_size = zone_size << 9;
-       } else if (td->o.zone_size != zone_size << 9) {
-               log_info("fio: %s job parameter zonesize %lld does not match disk zone size %ld.\n",
-                        f->file_name, td->o.zone_size, zone_size << 9);
+               td->o.zone_size = zone_size;
+       } else if (td->o.zone_size != zone_size) {
+               log_info("fio: %s job parameter zonesize %llu does not match disk zone size %llu.\n",
+                        f->file_name, (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_size,
+                       (unsigned long long) zone_size);
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto close;
        }
 
-       dprint(FD_ZBD, "Device %s has %d zones of size %lu KB\n", f->file_name,
-              nr_zones, zone_size / 2);
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "Device %s has %d zones of size %llu KB\n", f->file_name,
+              nr_zones, (unsigned long long) zone_size / 1024);
 
        zbd_info = scalloc(1, sizeof(*zbd_info) +
                           (nr_zones + 1) * sizeof(zbd_info->zone_info[0]));
@@ -378,18 +379,18 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
                z = (void *)(hdr + 1);
                for (i = 0; i < hdr->nr_zones; i++, j++, z++, p++) {
                        pthread_mutex_init(&p->mutex, &attr);
-                       p->start = z->start;
+                       p->start = z->start << 9;
                        switch (z->cond) {
                        case BLK_ZONE_COND_NOT_WP:
-                               p->wp = z->start;
+                               p->wp = p->start;
                                break;
                        case BLK_ZONE_COND_FULL:
-                               p->wp = z->start + zone_size;
+                               p->wp = p->start + zone_size;
                                break;
                        default:
                                assert(z->start <= z->wp);
-                               assert(z->wp <= z->start + zone_size);
-                               p->wp = z->wp;
+                               assert(z->wp <= z->start + (zone_size >> 9));
+                               p->wp = z->wp << 9;
                                break;
                        }
                        p->type = z->type;
@@ -407,18 +408,18 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
                        break;
                ret = read_zone_info(fd, start_sector, buf, bufsz);
                if (ret < 0) {
-                       log_info("fio: BLKREPORTZONE(%lu) failed for %s (%d).\n",
-                                start_sector, f->file_name, -ret);
+                       log_info("fio: BLKREPORTZONE(%llu) failed for %s (%d).\n",
+                                (unsigned long long) start_sector, f->file_name, -ret);
                        goto close;
                }
        }
        /* a sentinel */
-       zbd_info->zone_info[nr_zones].start = start_sector;
+       zbd_info->zone_info[nr_zones].start = start_sector << 9;
 
        f->zbd_info = zbd_info;
        f->zbd_info->zone_size = zone_size;
        f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 = is_power_of_2(zone_size) ?
-               ilog2(zone_size) + 9 : -1;
+               ilog2(zone_size) : -1;
        f->zbd_info->nr_zones = nr_zones;
        zbd_info = NULL;
        ret = 0;
@@ -556,18 +557,18 @@ int zbd_init(struct thread_data *td)
  * Returns 0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
  */
 static int zbd_reset_range(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
-                          uint64_t sector, uint64_t nr_sectors)
+                          uint64_t offset, uint64_t length)
 {
        struct blk_zone_range zr = {
-               .sector         = sector,
-               .nr_sectors     = nr_sectors,
+               .sector         = offset >> 9,
+               .nr_sectors     = length >> 9,
        };
        uint32_t zone_idx_b, zone_idx_e;
        struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze, *z;
        int ret = 0;
 
        assert(f->fd != -1);
-       assert(is_valid_offset(f, ((sector + nr_sectors) << 9) - 1));
+       assert(is_valid_offset(f, offset + length - 1));
        switch (f->zbd_info->model) {
        case ZBD_DM_HOST_AWARE:
        case ZBD_DM_HOST_MANAGED:
@@ -583,12 +584,15 @@ static int zbd_reset_range(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
                break;
        }
 
-       zone_idx_b = zbd_zone_idx(f, sector << 9);
+       zone_idx_b = zbd_zone_idx(f, offset);
        zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx_b];
-       zone_idx_e = zbd_zone_idx(f, (sector + nr_sectors) << 9);
+       zone_idx_e = zbd_zone_idx(f, offset + length);
        ze = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx_e];
        for (z = zb; z < ze; z++) {
                pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+               f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data -= z->wp - z->start;
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
                z->wp = z->start;
                z->verify_block = 0;
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
@@ -599,6 +603,12 @@ static int zbd_reset_range(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
        return ret;
 }
 
+static unsigned int zbd_zone_nr(struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info,
+                               struct fio_zone_info *zone)
+{
+       return zone - zbd_info->zone_info;
+}
+
 /**
  * zbd_reset_zone - reset the write pointer of a single zone
  * @td: FIO thread data.
@@ -610,12 +620,10 @@ static int zbd_reset_range(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
 static int zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
                          struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
-       int ret;
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting wp of zone %u.\n", f->file_name,
+               zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z));
 
-       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting wp of zone %lu.\n", f->file_name,
-              z - f->zbd_info->zone_info);
-       ret = zbd_reset_range(td, f, z->start, (z+1)->start - z->start);
-       return ret;
+       return zbd_reset_range(td, f, z->start, (z+1)->start - z->start);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -632,12 +640,12 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
                           struct fio_zone_info *const ze, bool all_zones)
 {
        struct fio_zone_info *z, *start_z = ze;
-       const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE] >> 9;
+       const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
        bool reset_wp;
        int res = 0;
 
-       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: examining zones %lu .. %lu\n", f->file_name,
-              zb - f->zbd_info->zone_info, ze - f->zbd_info->zone_info);
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: examining zones %u .. %u\n", f->file_name,
+               zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, zb), zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, ze));
        assert(f->fd != -1);
        for (z = zb; z < ze; z++) {
                pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
@@ -650,10 +658,10 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
                                start_z = z;
                        } else if (start_z < ze && !reset_wp) {
                                dprint(FD_ZBD,
-                                      "%s: resetting zones %lu .. %lu\n",
+                                      "%s: resetting zones %u .. %u\n",
                                       f->file_name,
-                                      start_z - f->zbd_info->zone_info,
-                                      z - f->zbd_info->zone_info);
+                                       zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, start_z),
+                                       zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z));
                                if (zbd_reset_range(td, f, start_z->start,
                                                z->start - start_z->start) < 0)
                                        res = 1;
@@ -663,9 +671,9 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
                default:
                        if (start_z == ze)
                                break;
-                       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting zones %lu .. %lu\n",
-                              f->file_name, start_z - f->zbd_info->zone_info,
-                              z - f->zbd_info->zone_info);
+                       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting zones %u .. %u\n",
+                              f->file_name, zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, start_z),
+                              zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z));
                        if (zbd_reset_range(td, f, start_z->start,
                                            z->start - start_z->start) < 0)
                                res = 1;
@@ -674,9 +682,9 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
                }
        }
        if (start_z < ze) {
-               dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting zones %lu .. %lu\n", f->file_name,
-                      start_z - f->zbd_info->zone_info,
-                      z - f->zbd_info->zone_info);
+               dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting zones %u .. %u\n", f->file_name,
+                       zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, start_z),
+                       zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z));
                if (zbd_reset_range(td, f, start_z->start,
                                    z->start - start_z->start) < 0)
                        res = 1;
@@ -687,6 +695,95 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
        return res;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reset zbd_info.write_cnt, the counter that counts down towards the next
+ * zone reset.
+ */
+static void zbd_reset_write_cnt(const struct thread_data *td,
+                               const struct fio_file *f)
+{
+       assert(0 <= td->o.zrf.u.f && td->o.zrf.u.f <= 1);
+
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       f->zbd_info->write_cnt = td->o.zrf.u.f ?
+               min(1.0 / td->o.zrf.u.f, 0.0 + UINT_MAX) : UINT_MAX;
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+}
+
+static bool zbd_dec_and_reset_write_cnt(const struct thread_data *td,
+                                       const struct fio_file *f)
+{
+       uint32_t write_cnt = 0;
+
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       assert(f->zbd_info->write_cnt);
+       if (f->zbd_info->write_cnt)
+               write_cnt = --f->zbd_info->write_cnt;
+       if (write_cnt == 0)
+               zbd_reset_write_cnt(td, f);
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+
+       return write_cnt == 0;
+}
+
+enum swd_action {
+       CHECK_SWD,
+       SET_SWD,
+};
+
+/* Calculate the number of sectors with data (swd) and perform action 'a' */
+static uint64_t zbd_process_swd(const struct fio_file *f, enum swd_action a)
+{
+       struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze, *z;
+       uint64_t swd = 0;
+
+       zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset)];
+       ze = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset +
+                                                 f->io_size)];
+       for (z = zb; z < ze; z++) {
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
+               swd += z->wp - z->start;
+       }
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       switch (a) {
+       case CHECK_SWD:
+               assert(f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data == swd);
+               break;
+       case SET_SWD:
+               f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data = swd;
+               break;
+       }
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       for (z = zb; z < ze; z++)
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+
+       return swd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The swd check is useful for debugging but takes too much time to leave
+ * it enabled all the time. Hence it is disabled by default.
+ */
+static const bool enable_check_swd = false;
+
+/* Check whether the value of zbd_info.sectors_with_data is correct. */
+static void zbd_check_swd(const struct fio_file *f)
+{
+       if (!enable_check_swd)
+               return;
+
+       zbd_process_swd(f, CHECK_SWD);
+}
+
+static void zbd_init_swd(struct fio_file *f)
+{
+       uint64_t swd;
+
+       swd = zbd_process_swd(f, SET_SWD);
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): swd = %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, f->file_name,
+              swd);
+}
+
 void zbd_file_reset(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 {
        struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze;
@@ -698,6 +795,7 @@ void zbd_file_reset(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
        zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset)];
        zone_idx_e = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset + f->io_size);
        ze = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx_e];
+       zbd_init_swd(f);
        /*
         * If data verification is enabled reset the affected zones before
         * writing any data to avoid that a zone reset has to be issued while
@@ -706,19 +804,231 @@ void zbd_file_reset(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
        zbd_reset_zones(td, f, zb, ze, td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
                        (td->o.td_ddir & TD_DDIR_WRITE) &&
                        td->runstate != TD_VERIFYING);
+       zbd_reset_write_cnt(td, f);
+}
+
+/* The caller must hold f->zbd_info->mutex. */
+static bool is_zone_open(const struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
+                        unsigned int zone_idx)
+{
+       struct zoned_block_device_info *zbdi = f->zbd_info;
+       int i;
+
+       assert(td->o.max_open_zones <= ARRAY_SIZE(zbdi->open_zones));
+       assert(zbdi->num_open_zones <= td->o.max_open_zones);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < zbdi->num_open_zones; i++)
+               if (zbdi->open_zones[i] == zone_idx)
+                       return true;
+
+       return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open a ZBD zone if it was not yet open. Returns true if either the zone was
+ * already open or if opening a new zone is allowed. Returns false if the zone
+ * was not yet open and opening a new zone would cause the zone limit to be
+ * exceeded.
+ */
+static bool zbd_open_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct io_u *io_u,
+                         uint32_t zone_idx)
+{
+       const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
+       const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
+       struct fio_zone_info *z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
+       bool res = true;
+
+       if (z->cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE)
+               return false;
+
+       /*
+        * Skip full zones with data verification enabled because resetting a
+        * zone causes data loss and hence causes verification to fail.
+        */
+       if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && zbd_zone_full(f, z, min_bs))
+               return false;
+
+       /* Zero means no limit */
+       if (!td->o.max_open_zones)
+               return true;
+
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       if (is_zone_open(td, f, zone_idx))
+               goto out;
+       res = false;
+       if (f->zbd_info->num_open_zones >= td->o.max_open_zones)
+               goto out;
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: opening zone %d\n", f->file_name, zone_idx);
+       f->zbd_info->open_zones[f->zbd_info->num_open_zones++] = zone_idx;
+       z->open = 1;
+       res = true;
+
+out:
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       return res;
+}
+
+/* The caller must hold f->zbd_info->mutex */
+static void zbd_close_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
+                          unsigned int open_zone_idx)
+{
+       uint32_t zone_idx;
+
+       assert(open_zone_idx < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones);
+       zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[open_zone_idx];
+       memmove(f->zbd_info->open_zones + open_zone_idx,
+               f->zbd_info->open_zones + open_zone_idx + 1,
+               (FIO_MAX_OPEN_ZBD_ZONES - (open_zone_idx + 1)) *
+               sizeof(f->zbd_info->open_zones[0]));
+       f->zbd_info->num_open_zones--;
+       f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx].open = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Modify the offset of an I/O unit that does not refer to an open zone such
+ * that it refers to an open zone. Close an open zone and open a new zone if
+ * necessary. This algorithm can only work correctly if all write pointers are
+ * a multiple of the fio block size. The caller must neither hold z->mutex
+ * nor f->zbd_info->mutex. Returns with z->mutex held upon success.
+ */
+struct fio_zone_info *zbd_convert_to_open_zone(struct thread_data *td,
+                                              struct io_u *io_u)
+{
+       const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[io_u->ddir];
+       const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
+       struct fio_zone_info *z;
+       unsigned int open_zone_idx = -1;
+       uint32_t zone_idx, new_zone_idx;
+       int i;
+
+       assert(is_valid_offset(f, io_u->offset));
+
+       if (td->o.max_open_zones) {
+               /*
+                * This statement accesses f->zbd_info->open_zones[] on purpose
+                * without locking.
+                */
+               zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[(io_u->offset -
+                                                   f->file_offset) *
+                               f->zbd_info->num_open_zones / f->io_size];
+       } else {
+               zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
+       }
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): starting from zone %d (offset %lld, buflen %lld)\n",
+              __func__, f->file_name, zone_idx, io_u->offset, io_u->buflen);
+
+       /*
+        * Since z->mutex is the outer lock and f->zbd_info->mutex the inner
+        * lock it can happen that the state of the zone with index zone_idx
+        * has changed after 'z' has been assigned and before f->zbd_info->mutex
+        * has been obtained. Hence the loop.
+        */
+       for (;;) {
+               z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
+
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+               if (td->o.max_open_zones == 0)
+                       goto examine_zone;
+               if (f->zbd_info->num_open_zones == 0) {
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+                       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): no zones are open\n",
+                              __func__, f->file_name);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               open_zone_idx = (io_u->offset - f->file_offset) *
+                       f->zbd_info->num_open_zones / f->io_size;
+               assert(open_zone_idx < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones);
+               new_zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[open_zone_idx];
+               if (new_zone_idx == zone_idx)
+                       break;
+               zone_idx = new_zone_idx;
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+       }
+
+       /* Both z->mutex and f->zbd_info->mutex are held. */
+
+examine_zone:
+       if (z->wp + min_bs <= (z+1)->start) {
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+               goto out;
+       }
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): closing zone %d\n", __func__, f->file_name,
+              zone_idx);
+       if (td->o.max_open_zones)
+               zbd_close_zone(td, f, open_zone_idx);
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+
+       /* Only z->mutex is held. */
+
+       /* Zone 'z' is full, so try to open a new zone. */
+       for (i = f->io_size / f->zbd_info->zone_size; i > 0; i--) {
+               zone_idx++;
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+               z++;
+               if (!is_valid_offset(f, z->start)) {
+                       /* Wrap-around. */
+                       zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset);
+                       z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
+               }
+               assert(is_valid_offset(f, z->start));
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
+               if (z->open)
+                       continue;
+               if (zbd_open_zone(td, io_u, zone_idx))
+                       goto out;
+       }
+
+       /* Only z->mutex is held. */
+
+       /* Check whether the write fits in any of the already opened zones. */
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       for (i = 0; i < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones; i++) {
+               zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[i];
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+
+               z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
+
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
+               if (z->wp + min_bs <= (z+1)->start)
+                       goto out;
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       }
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): did not open another zone\n", __func__,
+              f->file_name);
+       return NULL;
+
+out:
+       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): returning zone %d\n", __func__, f->file_name,
+              zone_idx);
+       io_u->offset = z->start;
+       return z;
 }
 
 /* The caller must hold z->mutex. */
-static void zbd_replay_write_order(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u,
-                                  struct fio_zone_info *z)
+static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_replay_write_order(struct thread_data *td,
+                                                   struct io_u *io_u,
+                                                   struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
        const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
        const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 
+       if (!zbd_open_zone(td, io_u, z - f->zbd_info->zone_info)) {
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+               z = zbd_convert_to_open_zone(td, io_u);
+               assert(z);
+       }
+
        if (z->verify_block * min_bs >= f->zbd_info->zone_size)
-               log_err("%s: %d * %d >= %ld\n", f->file_name, z->verify_block,
-                       min_bs, f->zbd_info->zone_size);
-       io_u->offset = (z->start << 9) + z->verify_block++ * min_bs;
+               log_err("%s: %d * %d >= %llu\n", f->file_name, z->verify_block,
+                       min_bs, (unsigned long long) f->zbd_info->zone_size);
+       io_u->offset = z->start + z->verify_block++ * min_bs;
+       return z;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -746,7 +1056,7 @@ zbd_find_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u,
        for (z1 = zb + 1, z2 = zb - 1; z1 < zl || z2 >= zf; z1++, z2--) {
                if (z1 < zl && z1->cond != BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE) {
                        pthread_mutex_lock(&z1->mutex);
-                       if (z1->start + (min_bs >> 9) <= z1->wp)
+                       if (z1->start + min_bs <= z1->wp)
                                return z1;
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&z1->mutex);
                } else if (!td_random(td)) {
@@ -755,7 +1065,7 @@ zbd_find_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u,
                if (td_random(td) && z2 >= zf &&
                    z2->cond != BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE) {
                        pthread_mutex_lock(&z2->mutex);
-                       if (z2->start + (min_bs >> 9) <= z2->wp)
+                       if (z2->start + min_bs <= z2->wp)
                                return z2;
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&z2->mutex);
                }
@@ -786,7 +1096,7 @@ static void zbd_post_submit(const struct io_u *io_u, bool success)
                return;
 
        zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(io_u->file, io_u->offset);
-       end = (io_u->offset + io_u->buflen) >> 9;
+       end = io_u->offset + io_u->buflen;
        z = &zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
        assert(zone_idx < zbd_info->nr_zones);
        if (z->type != BLK_ZONE_TYPE_SEQWRITE_REQ)
@@ -796,6 +1106,14 @@ static void zbd_post_submit(const struct io_u *io_u, bool success)
        switch (io_u->ddir) {
        case DDIR_WRITE:
                zone_end = min(end, (z + 1)->start);
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&zbd_info->mutex);
+               /*
+                * z->wp > zone_end means that one or more I/O errors
+                * have occurred.
+                */
+               if (z->wp <= zone_end)
+                       zbd_info->sectors_with_data += zone_end - z->wp;
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbd_info->mutex);
                z->wp = zone_end;
                break;
        case DDIR_TRIM:
@@ -806,6 +1124,8 @@ static void zbd_post_submit(const struct io_u *io_u, bool success)
        }
 unlock:
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
+
+       zbd_check_swd(io_u->file);
 }
 
 bool zbd_unaligned_write(int error_code)
@@ -831,7 +1151,7 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 {
        const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
        uint32_t zone_idx_b;
-       struct fio_zone_info *zb, *zl;
+       struct fio_zone_info *zb, *zl, *orig_zb;
        uint32_t orig_len = io_u->buflen;
        uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[io_u->ddir];
        uint64_t new_len;
@@ -844,6 +1164,7 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
        assert(io_u->buflen);
        zone_idx_b = zbd_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
        zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx_b];
+       orig_zb = zb;
 
        /* Accept the I/O offset for conventional zones. */
        if (zb->type == BLK_ZONE_TYPE_CONVENTIONAL)
@@ -857,29 +1178,24 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
            io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ && td->o.read_beyond_wp)
                return io_u_accept;
 
+       zbd_check_swd(f);
+
        pthread_mutex_lock(&zb->mutex);
        switch (io_u->ddir) {
        case DDIR_READ:
                if (td->runstate == TD_VERIFYING) {
-                       zbd_replay_write_order(td, io_u, zb);
+                       zb = zbd_replay_write_order(td, io_u, zb);
                        goto accept;
                }
                /*
-                * Avoid reads past the write pointer because such reads do not
-                * hit the medium.
+                * Check that there is enough written data in the zone to do an
+                * I/O of at least min_bs B. If there isn't, find a new zone for
+                * the I/O.
                 */
                range = zb->cond != BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE ?
-                       ((zb->wp - zb->start) << 9) - io_u->buflen : 0;
-               if (td_random(td) && range >= 0) {
-                       io_u->offset = (zb->start << 9) +
-                               ((io_u->offset - (zb->start << 9)) %
-                                (range + 1)) / min_bs * min_bs;
-                       assert(zb->start << 9 <= io_u->offset);
-                       assert(io_u->offset + io_u->buflen <= zb->wp << 9);
-                       goto accept;
-               }
-               if (zb->cond == BLK_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE ||
-                   (io_u->offset + io_u->buflen) >> 9 > zb->wp) {
+                       zb->wp - zb->start : 0;
+               if (range < min_bs ||
+                   ((!td_random(td)) && (io_u->offset + min_bs > zb->wp))) {
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&zb->mutex);
                        zl = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zbd_zone_idx(f,
                                                f->file_offset + f->io_size)];
@@ -891,18 +1207,58 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
                                       io_u->buflen);
                                goto eof;
                        }
-                       io_u->offset = zb->start << 9;
+                       /*
+                        * zbd_find_zone() returned a zone with a range of at
+                        * least min_bs.
+                        */
+                       range = zb->wp - zb->start;
+                       assert(range >= min_bs);
+
+                       if (!td_random(td))
+                               io_u->offset = zb->start;
                }
-               if ((io_u->offset + io_u->buflen) >> 9 > zb->wp) {
-                       dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: %lld + %lld > %" PRIu64 "\n",
-                              f->file_name, io_u->offset, io_u->buflen,
-                              zb->wp);
-                       goto eof;
+               /*
+                * Make sure the I/O is within the zone valid data range while
+                * maximizing the I/O size and preserving randomness.
+                */
+               if (range <= io_u->buflen)
+                       io_u->offset = zb->start;
+               else if (td_random(td))
+                       io_u->offset = zb->start +
+                               ((io_u->offset - orig_zb->start) %
+                                (range - io_u->buflen)) / min_bs * min_bs;
+               /*
+                * Make sure the I/O does not cross over the zone wp position.
+                */
+               new_len = min((unsigned long long)io_u->buflen,
+                             (unsigned long long)(zb->wp - io_u->offset));
+               new_len = new_len / min_bs * min_bs;
+               if (new_len < io_u->buflen) {
+                       io_u->buflen = new_len;
+                       dprint(FD_IO, "Changed length from %u into %llu\n",
+                              orig_len, io_u->buflen);
                }
+               assert(zb->start <= io_u->offset);
+               assert(io_u->offset + io_u->buflen <= zb->wp);
                goto accept;
        case DDIR_WRITE:
-               if (io_u->buflen > (f->zbd_info->zone_size << 9))
+               if (io_u->buflen > f->zbd_info->zone_size)
                        goto eof;
+               if (!zbd_open_zone(td, io_u, zone_idx_b)) {
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&zb->mutex);
+                       zb = zbd_convert_to_open_zone(td, io_u);
+                       if (!zb)
+                               goto eof;
+                       zone_idx_b = zb - f->zbd_info->zone_info;
+               }
+               /* Check whether the zone reset threshold has been exceeded */
+               if (td->o.zrf.u.f) {
+                       if (f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data >=
+                           f->io_size * td->o.zrt.u.f &&
+                           zbd_dec_and_reset_write_cnt(td, f)) {
+                               zb->reset_zone = 1;
+                       }
+               }
                /* Reset the zone pointer if necessary */
                if (zb->reset_zone || zbd_zone_full(f, zb, min_bs)) {
                        assert(td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE);
@@ -920,7 +1276,7 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
                }
                /* Make writes occur at the write pointer */
                assert(!zbd_zone_full(f, zb, min_bs));
-               io_u->offset = zb->wp << 9;
+               io_u->offset = zb->wp;
                if (!is_valid_offset(f, io_u->offset)) {
                        dprint(FD_ZBD, "Dropped request with offset %llu\n",
                               io_u->offset);
@@ -932,7 +1288,7 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
                 * small.
                 */
                new_len = min((unsigned long long)io_u->buflen,
-                             ((zb + 1)->start << 9) - io_u->offset);
+                             (zb + 1)->start - io_u->offset);
                new_len = new_len / min_bs * min_bs;
                if (new_len == io_u->buflen)
                        goto accept;
@@ -943,7 +1299,7 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
                        goto accept;
                }
                log_err("Zone remainder %lld smaller than minimum block size %d\n",
-                       (((zb + 1)->start << 9) - io_u->offset),
+                       ((zb + 1)->start - io_u->offset),
                        min_bs);
                goto eof;
        case DDIR_TRIM:
@@ -977,7 +1333,7 @@ char *zbd_write_status(const struct thread_stat *ts)
 {
        char *res;
 
-       if (asprintf(&res, "; %ld zone resets", ts->nr_zone_resets) < 0)
+       if (asprintf(&res, "; %llu zone resets", (unsigned long long) ts->nr_zone_resets) < 0)
                return NULL;
        return res;
 }