- Shifted dedup-able data. Allow for dedup buffer generation to shift contents by random number of sectors (fill the gaps with uncompressible data). Some storage subsystems modernized the deduplication detection algorithms to look for shifted data as well. For example, some databases push a timestamp on the prefix of written blocks, which makes the underlying data dedup-able in different alignment. FIO should be able to simulate such workload. - Generation of similar data (but not exact). A rising trend in enterprise storage systems. Generation of "similar" data means random uncompressible buffers that differ by few(configurable number of) bits from each other. The storage subsystem usually identifies the similar buffers using locality-sensitive hashing or other methods.