options.c

   1 #include <stdio.h>
   2 #include <stdlib.h>
   3 #include <unistd.h>
   4 #include <ctype.h>
   5 #include <string.h>
   6 #include <getopt.h>
   7 #include <assert.h>
   8 #include <libgen.h>
   9 #include <fcntl.h>
  10 #include <sys/types.h>
  11 #include <sys/stat.h>
  12
  13 #include "fio.h"
  14 #include "verify.h"
  15 #include "parse.h"
  16 #include "lib/fls.h"
  17
  18 #define td_var_offset(var)      ((size_t) &((struct thread_options *)0)->var)
  19
  20 /*
  21  * Check if mmap/mmaphuge has a :/foo/bar/file at the end. If so, return that.
  22  */
  23 static char *get_opt_postfix(const char *str)
  24 {
  25         char *p = strstr(str, ":");
  26
  27         if (!p)
  28                 return NULL;
  29
  30         p++;
  31         strip_blank_front(&p);
  32         strip_blank_end(p);
  33         return strdup(p);
  34 }
  35
  36 static int bs_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
  37 {
  38         const struct bssplit *bsp1 = p1;
  39         const struct bssplit *bsp2 = p2;
  40
  41         return bsp1->perc < bsp2->perc;
  42 }
  43
  44 static int bssplit_ddir(struct thread_data *td, int ddir, char *str)
  45 {
  46         struct bssplit *bssplit;
  47         unsigned int i, perc, perc_missing;
  48         unsigned int max_bs, min_bs;
  49         long long val;
  50         char *fname;
  51
  52         td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir] = 4;
  53         bssplit = malloc(4 * sizeof(struct bssplit));
  54
  55         i = 0;
  56         max_bs = 0;
  57         min_bs = -1;
  58         while ((fname = strsep(&str, ":")) != NULL) {
  59                 char *perc_str;
  60
  61                 if (!strlen(fname))
  62                         break;
  63
  64                 /*
  65                  * grow struct buffer, if needed
  66                  */
  67                 if (i == td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]) {
  68                         td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir] <<= 1;
  69                         bssplit = realloc(bssplit, td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]
  70                                                   * sizeof(struct bssplit));
  71                 }
  72
  73                 perc_str = strstr(fname, "/");
  74                 if (perc_str) {
  75                         *perc_str = '\0';
  76                         perc_str++;
  77                         perc = atoi(perc_str);
  78                         if (perc > 100)
  79                                 perc = 100;
  80                         else if (!perc)
  81                                 perc = -1;
  82                 } else
  83                         perc = -1;
  84
  85                 if (str_to_decimal(fname, &val, 1, &td)) {
  86                         log_err("fio: bssplit conversion failed\n");
  87                         free(td->o.bssplit);
  88                         return 1;
  89                 }
  90
  91                 if (val > max_bs)
  92                         max_bs = val;
  93                 if (val < min_bs)
  94                         min_bs = val;
  95
  96                 bssplit[i].bs = val;
  97                 bssplit[i].perc = perc;
  98                 i++;
  99         }
 100
 101         td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir] = i;
 102
 103         /*
 104          * Now check if the percentages add up, and how much is missing
 105          */
 106         perc = perc_missing = 0;
 107         for (i = 0; i < td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]; i++) {
 108                 struct bssplit *bsp = &bssplit[i];
 109
 110                 if (bsp->perc == (unsigned char) -1)
 111                         perc_missing++;
 112                 else
 113                         perc += bsp->perc;
 114         }
 115
 116         if (perc > 100) {
 117                 log_err("fio: bssplit percentages add to more than 100%%\n");
 118                 free(bssplit);
 119                 return 1;
 120         }
 121         /*
 122          * If values didn't have a percentage set, divide the remains between
 123          * them.
 124          */
 125         if (perc_missing) {
 126                 for (i = 0; i < td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]; i++) {
 127                         struct bssplit *bsp = &bssplit[i];
 128
 129                         if (bsp->perc == (unsigned char) -1)
 130                                 bsp->perc = (100 - perc) / perc_missing;
 131                 }
 132         }
 133
 134         td->o.min_bs[ddir] = min_bs;
 135         td->o.max_bs[ddir] = max_bs;
 136
 137         /*
 138          * now sort based on percentages, for ease of lookup
 139          */
 140         qsort(bssplit, td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir], sizeof(struct bssplit), bs_cmp);
 141         td->o.bssplit[ddir] = bssplit;
 142         return 0;
 143
 144 }
 145
 146 static int str_bssplit_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 147 {
 148         struct thread_data *td = data;
 149         char *str, *p, *odir;
 150         int ret = 0;
 151
 152         p = str = strdup(input);
 153
 154         strip_blank_front(&str);
 155         strip_blank_end(str);
 156
 157         odir = strchr(str, ',');
 158         if (odir) {
 159                 ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_WRITE, odir + 1);
 160                 if (!ret) {
 161                         *odir = '\0';
 162                         ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_READ, str);
 163                 }
 164         } else {
 165                 char *op;
 166
 167                 op = strdup(str);
 168
 169                 ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_READ, str);
 170                 if (!ret)
 171                         ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_WRITE, op);
 172
 173                 free(op);
 174         }
 175
 176         free(p);
 177         return ret;
 178 }
 179
 180 static int str_rw_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 181 {
 182         struct thread_data *td = data;
 183         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 184
 185         td->o.ddir_nr = 1;
 186         if (nr) {
 187                 td->o.ddir_nr = atoi(nr);
 188                 free(nr);
 189         }
 190
 191         return 0;
 192 }
 193
 194 static int str_mem_cb(void *data, const char *mem)
 195 {
 196         struct thread_data *td = data;
 197
 198         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAP) {
 199                 td->mmapfile = get_opt_postfix(mem);
 200                 if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE && !td->mmapfile) {
 201                         log_err("fio: mmaphuge:/path/to/file\n");
 202                         return 1;
 203                 }
 204         }
 205
 206         return 0;
 207 }
 208
 209 static int str_lockmem_cb(void fio_unused *data, unsigned long *val)
 210 {
 211         mlock_size = *val;
 212         return 0;
 213 }
 214
 215 static int str_rwmix_read_cb(void *data, unsigned int *val)
 216 {
 217         struct thread_data *td = data;
 218
 219         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_READ] = *val;
 220         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_WRITE] = 100 - *val;
 221         return 0;
 222 }
 223
 224 static int str_rwmix_write_cb(void *data, unsigned int *val)
 225 {
 226         struct thread_data *td = data;
 227
 228         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_WRITE] = *val;
 229         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_READ] = 100 - *val;
 230         return 0;
 231 }
 232
 233 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOPRIO
 234 static int str_prioclass_cb(void *data, unsigned int *val)
 235 {
 236         struct thread_data *td = data;
 237         unsigned short mask;
 238
 239         /*
 240          * mask off old class bits, str_prio_cb() may have set a default class
 241          */
 242         mask = (1 << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) - 1;
 243         td->ioprio &= mask;
 244
 245         td->ioprio |= *val << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT;
 246         td->ioprio_set = 1;
 247         return 0;
 248 }
 249
 250 static int str_prio_cb(void *data, unsigned int *val)
 251 {
 252         struct thread_data *td = data;
 253
 254         td->ioprio |= *val;
 255
 256         /*
 257          * If no class is set, assume BE
 258          */
 259         if ((td->ioprio >> IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) == 0)
 260                 td->ioprio |= IOPRIO_CLASS_BE << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT;
 261
 262         td->ioprio_set = 1;
 263         return 0;
 264 }
 265 #endif
 266
 267 static int str_exitall_cb(void)
 268 {
 269         exitall_on_terminate = 1;
 270         return 0;
 271 }
 272
 273 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
 274 static int str_cpumask_cb(void *data, unsigned int *val)
 275 {
 276         struct thread_data *td = data;
 277         unsigned int i;
 278         long max_cpu;
 279         int ret;
 280
 281         ret = fio_cpuset_init(&td->o.cpumask);
 282         if (ret < 0) {
 283                 log_err("fio: cpuset_init failed\n");
 284                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_init");
 285                 return 1;
 286         }
 287
 288         max_cpu = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
 289
 290         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++) {
 291                 if ((1 << i) & *val) {
 292                         if (i > max_cpu) {
 293                                 log_err("fio: CPU %d too large (max=%ld)\n", i,
 294                                                                 max_cpu);
 295                                 return 1;
 296                         }
 297                         dprint(FD_PARSE, "set cpu allowed %d\n", i);
 298                         fio_cpu_set(&td->o.cpumask, i);
 299                 }
 300         }
 301
 302         td->o.cpumask_set = 1;
 303         return 0;
 304 }
 305
 306 static int set_cpus_allowed(struct thread_data *td, os_cpu_mask_t *mask,
 307                             const char *input)
 308 {
 309         char *cpu, *str, *p;
 310         long max_cpu;
 311         int ret = 0;
 312
 313         ret = fio_cpuset_init(mask);
 314         if (ret < 0) {
 315                 log_err("fio: cpuset_init failed\n");
 316                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_init");
 317                 return 1;
 318         }
 319
 320         p = str = strdup(input);
 321
 322         strip_blank_front(&str);
 323         strip_blank_end(str);
 324
 325         max_cpu = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
 326
 327         while ((cpu = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
 328                 char *str2, *cpu2;
 329                 int icpu, icpu2;
 330
 331                 if (!strlen(cpu))
 332                         break;
 333
 334                 str2 = cpu;
 335                 icpu2 = -1;
 336                 while ((cpu2 = strsep(&str2, "-")) != NULL) {
 337                         if (!strlen(cpu2))
 338                                 break;
 339
 340                         icpu2 = atoi(cpu2);
 341                 }
 342
 343                 icpu = atoi(cpu);
 344                 if (icpu2 == -1)
 345                         icpu2 = icpu;
 346                 while (icpu <= icpu2) {
 347                         if (icpu >= FIO_MAX_CPUS) {
 348                                 log_err("fio: your OS only supports up to"
 349                                         " %d CPUs\n", (int) FIO_MAX_CPUS);
 350                                 ret = 1;
 351                                 break;
 352                         }
 353                         if (icpu > max_cpu) {
 354                                 log_err("fio: CPU %d too large (max=%ld)\n",
 355                                                         icpu, max_cpu);
 356                                 ret = 1;
 357                                 break;
 358                         }
 359
 360                         dprint(FD_PARSE, "set cpu allowed %d\n", icpu);
 361                         fio_cpu_set(mask, icpu);
 362                         icpu++;
 363                 }
 364                 if (ret)
 365                         break;
 366         }
 367
 368         free(p);
 369         if (!ret)
 370                 td->o.cpumask_set = 1;
 371         return ret;
 372 }
 373
 374 static int str_cpus_allowed_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 375 {
 376         struct thread_data *td = data;
 377         int ret;
 378
 379         ret = set_cpus_allowed(td, &td->o.cpumask, input);
 380         if (!ret)
 381                 td->o.cpumask_set = 1;
 382
 383         return ret;
 384 }
 385
 386 static int str_verify_cpus_allowed_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 387 {
 388         struct thread_data *td = data;
 389         int ret;
 390
 391         ret = set_cpus_allowed(td, &td->o.verify_cpumask, input);
 392         if (!ret)
 393                 td->o.verify_cpumask_set = 1;
 394
 395         return ret;
 396 }
 397 #endif
 398
 399 static int str_fst_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 400 {
 401         struct thread_data *td = data;
 402         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 403
 404         td->file_service_nr = 1;
 405         if (nr) {
 406                 td->file_service_nr = atoi(nr);
 407                 free(nr);
 408         }
 409
 410         return 0;
 411 }
 412
 413 static int check_dir(struct thread_data *td, char *fname)
 414 {
 415         char file[PATH_MAX], *dir;
 416         int elen = 0;
 417
 418         if (td->o.directory) {
 419                 strcpy(file, td->o.directory);
 420                 strcat(file, "/");
 421                 elen = strlen(file);
 422         }
 423
 424         sprintf(file + elen, "%s", fname);
 425         dir = dirname(file);
 426
 427 #if 0
 428         {
 429         struct stat sb;
 430         /*
 431          * We can't do this on FIO_DISKLESSIO engines. The engine isn't loaded
 432          * yet, so we can't do this check right here...
 433          */
 434         if (lstat(dir, &sb) < 0) {
 435                 int ret = errno;
 436
 437                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", dir);
 438                 td_verror(td, ret, "lstat");
 439                 return 1;
 440         }
 441
 442         if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
 443                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", dir);
 444                 return 1;
 445         }
 446         }
 447 #endif
 448
 449         return 0;
 450 }
 451
 452 /*
 453  * Return next file in the string. Files are separated with ':'. If the ':'
 454  * is escaped with a '\', then that ':' is part of the filename and does not
 455  * indicate a new file.
 456  */
 457 static char *get_next_file_name(char **ptr)
 458 {
 459         char *str = *ptr;
 460         char *p, *start;
 461
 462         if (!str || !strlen(str))
 463                 return NULL;
 464
 465         start = str;
 466         do {
 467                 /*
 468                  * No colon, we are done
 469                  */
 470                 p = strchr(str, ':');
 471                 if (!p) {
 472                         *ptr = NULL;
 473                         break;
 474                 }
 475
 476                 /*
 477                  * We got a colon, but it's the first character. Skip and
 478                  * continue
 479                  */
 480                 if (p == start) {
 481                         str = ++start;
 482                         continue;
 483                 }
 484
 485                 if (*(p - 1) != '\\') {
 486                         *p = '\0';
 487                         *ptr = p + 1;
 488                         break;
 489                 }
 490
 491                 memmove(p - 1, p, strlen(p) + 1);
 492                 str = p;
 493         } while (1);
 494
 495         return start;
 496 }
 497
 498 static int str_filename_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 499 {
 500         struct thread_data *td = data;
 501         char *fname, *str, *p;
 502
 503         p = str = strdup(input);
 504
 505         strip_blank_front(&str);
 506         strip_blank_end(str);
 507
 508         if (!td->files_index)
 509                 td->o.nr_files = 0;
 510
 511         while ((fname = get_next_file_name(&str)) != NULL) {
 512                 if (!strlen(fname))
 513                         break;
 514                 if (check_dir(td, fname)) {
 515                         free(p);
 516                         return 1;
 517                 }
 518                 add_file(td, fname);
 519                 td->o.nr_files++;
 520         }
 521
 522         free(p);
 523         return 0;
 524 }
 525
 526 static int str_directory_cb(void *data, const char fio_unused *str)
 527 {
 528         struct thread_data *td = data;
 529         struct stat sb;
 530
 531         if (lstat(td->o.directory, &sb) < 0) {
 532                 int ret = errno;
 533
 534                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", td->o.directory);
 535                 td_verror(td, ret, "lstat");
 536                 return 1;
 537         }
 538         if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
 539                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", td->o.directory);
 540                 return 1;
 541         }
 542
 543         return 0;
 544 }
 545
 546 static int str_opendir_cb(void *data, const char fio_unused *str)
 547 {
 548         struct thread_data *td = data;
 549
 550         if (!td->files_index)
 551                 td->o.nr_files = 0;
 552
 553         return add_dir_files(td, td->o.opendir);
 554 }
 555
 556 static int str_verify_offset_cb(void *data, unsigned int *off)
 557 {
 558         struct thread_data *td = data;
 559
 560         if (*off && *off < sizeof(struct verify_header)) {
 561                 log_err("fio: verify_offset too small\n");
 562                 return 1;
 563         }
 564
 565         td->o.verify_offset = *off;
 566         return 0;
 567 }
 568
 569 static int str_verify_pattern_cb(void *data, unsigned int *off)
 570 {
 571         struct thread_data *td = data;
 572         unsigned int msb;
 573
 574         msb = __fls(*off);
 575         if (msb <= 8)
 576                 td->o.verify_pattern_bytes = 1;
 577         else if (msb <= 16)
 578                 td->o.verify_pattern_bytes = 2;
 579         else if (msb <= 24)
 580                 td->o.verify_pattern_bytes = 3;
 581         else
 582                 td->o.verify_pattern_bytes = 4;
 583
 584         td->o.verify_pattern = *off;
 585         return 0;
 586 }
 587
 588 static int str_lockfile_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 589 {
 590         struct thread_data *td = data;
 591         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 592
 593         td->o.lockfile_batch = 1;
 594         if (nr) {
 595                 td->o.lockfile_batch = atoi(nr);
 596                 free(nr);
 597         }
 598
 599         return 0;
 600 }
 601
 602 static int str_write_bw_log_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 603 {
 604         struct thread_data *td = data;
 605
 606         if (str)
 607                 td->o.bw_log_file = strdup(str);
 608
 609         td->o.write_bw_log = 1;
 610         return 0;
 611 }
 612
 613 static int str_write_lat_log_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 614 {
 615         struct thread_data *td = data;
 616
 617         if (str)
 618                 td->o.lat_log_file = strdup(str);
 619
 620         td->o.write_lat_log = 1;
 621         return 0;
 622 }
 623
 624 static int str_gtod_reduce_cb(void *data, int *il)
 625 {
 626         struct thread_data *td = data;
 627         int val = *il;
 628
 629         td->o.disable_clat = !!val;
 630         td->o.disable_slat = !!val;
 631         td->o.disable_bw = !!val;
 632         if (val)
 633                 td->tv_cache_mask = 63;
 634
 635         return 0;
 636 }
 637
 638 static int str_gtod_cpu_cb(void *data, int *il)
 639 {
 640         struct thread_data *td = data;
 641         int val = *il;
 642
 643         td->o.gtod_cpu = val;
 644         td->o.gtod_offload = 1;
 645         return 0;
 646 }
 647
 648 static int rw_verify(struct fio_option *o, void *data)
 649 {
 650         struct thread_data *td = data;
 651
 652         if (read_only && td_write(td)) {
 653                 log_err("fio: job <%s> has write bit set, but fio is in"
 654                         " read-only mode\n", td->o.name);
 655                 return 1;
 656         }
 657
 658         return 0;
 659 }
 660
 661 static int gtod_cpu_verify(struct fio_option *o, void *data)
 662 {
 663 #ifndef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
 664         struct thread_data *td = data;
 665
 666         if (td->o.gtod_cpu) {
 667                 log_err("fio: platform must support CPU affinity for"
 668                         "gettimeofday() offloading\n");
 669                 return 1;
 670         }
 671 #endif
 672
 673         return 0;
 674 }
 675
 676 static int kb_base_verify(struct fio_option *o, void *data)
 677 {
 678         struct thread_data *td = data;
 679
 680         if (td->o.kb_base != 1024 && td->o.kb_base != 1000) {
 681                 log_err("fio: kb_base set to nonsensical value: %u\n",
 682                                 td->o.kb_base);
 683                 return 1;
 684         }
 685
 686         return 0;
 687 }
 688
 689 #define __stringify_1(x)        #x
 690 #define __stringify(x)          __stringify_1(x)
 691
 692 /*
 693  * Map of job/command line options
 694  */
 695 static struct fio_option options[] = {
 696         {
 697                 .name   = "description",
 698                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 699                 .off1   = td_var_offset(description),
 700                 .help   = "Text job description",
 701         },
 702         {
 703                 .name   = "name",
 704                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 705                 .off1   = td_var_offset(name),
 706                 .help   = "Name of this job",
 707         },
 708         {
 709                 .name   = "directory",
 710                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 711                 .off1   = td_var_offset(directory),
 712                 .cb     = str_directory_cb,
 713                 .help   = "Directory to store files in",
 714         },
 715         {
 716                 .name   = "filename",
 717                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 718                 .off1   = td_var_offset(filename),
 719                 .cb     = str_filename_cb,
 720                 .prio   = -1, /* must come after "directory" */
 721                 .help   = "File(s) to use for the workload",
 722         },
 723         {
 724                 .name   = "kb_base",
 725                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 726                 .off1   = td_var_offset(kb_base),
 727                 .verify = kb_base_verify,
 728                 .prio   = 1,
 729                 .def    = "1024",
 730                 .help   = "How many bytes per KB for reporting (1000 or 1024)",
 731         },
 732         {
 733                 .name   = "lockfile",
 734                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
 735                 .cb     = str_lockfile_cb,
 736                 .off1   = td_var_offset(file_lock_mode),
 737                 .help   = "Lock file when doing IO to it",
 738                 .parent = "filename",
 739                 .def    = "none",
 740                 .posval = {
 741                           { .ival = "none",
 742                             .oval = FILE_LOCK_NONE,
 743                             .help = "No file locking",
 744                           },
 745                           { .ival = "exclusive",
 746                             .oval = FILE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE,
 747                             .help = "Exclusive file lock",
 748                           },
 749                           {
 750                             .ival = "readwrite",
 751                             .oval = FILE_LOCK_READWRITE,
 752                             .help = "Read vs write lock",
 753                           },
 754                 },
 755         },
 756         {
 757                 .name   = "opendir",
 758                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 759                 .off1   = td_var_offset(opendir),
 760                 .cb     = str_opendir_cb,
 761                 .help   = "Recursively add files from this directory and down",
 762         },
 763         {
 764                 .name   = "rw",
 765                 .alias  = "readwrite",
 766                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
 767                 .cb     = str_rw_cb,
 768                 .off1   = td_var_offset(td_ddir),
 769                 .help   = "IO direction",
 770                 .def    = "read",
 771                 .verify = rw_verify,
 772                 .posval = {
 773                           { .ival = "read",
 774                             .oval = TD_DDIR_READ,
 775                             .help = "Sequential read",
 776                           },
 777                           { .ival = "write",
 778                             .oval = TD_DDIR_WRITE,
 779                             .help = "Sequential write",
 780                           },
 781                           { .ival = "randread",
 782                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RANDREAD,
 783                             .help = "Random read",
 784                           },
 785                           { .ival = "randwrite",
 786                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RANDWRITE,
 787                             .help = "Random write",
 788                           },
 789                           { .ival = "rw",
 790                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RW,
 791                             .help = "Sequential read and write mix",
 792                           },
 793                           { .ival = "randrw",
 794                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RANDRW,
 795                             .help = "Random read and write mix"
 796                           },
 797                 },
 798         },
 799         {
 800                 .name   = "ioengine",
 801                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 802                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ioengine),
 803                 .help   = "IO engine to use",
 804                 .def    = "sync",
 805                 .posval = {
 806                           { .ival = "sync",
 807                             .help = "Use read/write",
 808                           },
 809                           { .ival = "psync",
 810                             .help = "Use pread/pwrite",
 811                           },
 812                           { .ival = "vsync",
 813                              .help = "Use readv/writev",
 814                           },
 815 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_LIBAIO
 816                           { .ival = "libaio",
 817                             .help = "Linux native asynchronous IO",
 818                           },
 819 #endif
 820 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_POSIXAIO
 821                           { .ival = "posixaio",
 822                             .help = "POSIX asynchronous IO",
 823                           },
 824 #endif
 825 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SOLARISAIO
 826                           { .ival = "solarisaio",
 827                             .help = "Solaris native asynchronous IO",
 828                           },
 829 #endif
 830                           { .ival = "mmap",
 831                             .help = "Memory mapped IO",
 832                           },
 833 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SPLICE
 834                           { .ival = "splice",
 835                             .help = "splice/vmsplice based IO",
 836                           },
 837                           { .ival = "netsplice",
 838                             .help = "splice/vmsplice to/from the network",
 839                           },
 840 #endif
 841 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SGIO
 842                           { .ival = "sg",
 843                             .help = "SCSI generic v3 IO",
 844                           },
 845 #endif
 846                           { .ival = "null",
 847                             .help = "Testing engine (no data transfer)",
 848                           },
 849                           { .ival = "net",
 850                             .help = "Network IO",
 851                           },
 852 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SYSLET
 853                           { .ival = "syslet-rw",
 854                             .help = "syslet enabled async pread/pwrite IO",
 855                           },
 856 #endif
 857                           { .ival = "cpuio",
 858                             .help = "CPU cycler burner engine",
 859                           },
 860 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_GUASI
 861                           { .ival = "guasi",
 862                             .help = "GUASI IO engine",
 863                           },
 864 #endif
 865                           { .ival = "external",
 866                             .help = "Load external engine (append name)",
 867                           },
 868                 },
 869         },
 870         {
 871                 .name   = "iodepth",
 872                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 873                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth),
 874                 .help   = "Amount of IO buffers to keep in flight",
 875                 .minval = 1,
 876                 .def    = "1",
 877         },
 878         {
 879                 .name   = "iodepth_batch",
 880                 .alias  = "iodepth_batch_submit",
 881                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 882                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth_batch),
 883                 .help   = "Number of IO buffers to submit in one go",
 884                 .parent = "iodepth",
 885                 .minval = 1,
 886                 .def    = "1",
 887         },
 888         {
 889                 .name   = "iodepth_batch_complete",
 890                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 891                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth_batch_complete),
 892                 .help   = "Number of IO buffers to retrieve in one go",
 893                 .parent = "iodepth",
 894                 .minval = 0,
 895                 .def    = "1",
 896         },
 897         {
 898                 .name   = "iodepth_low",
 899                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 900                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth_low),
 901                 .help   = "Low water mark for queuing depth",
 902                 .parent = "iodepth",
 903         },
 904         {
 905                 .name   = "size",
 906                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
 907                 .off1   = td_var_offset(size),
 908                 .minval = 1,
 909                 .help   = "Total size of device or files",
 910         },
 911         {
 912                 .name   = "fill_device",
 913                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
 914                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fill_device),
 915                 .help   = "Write until an ENOSPC error occurs",
 916                 .def    = "0",
 917         },
 918         {
 919                 .name   = "filesize",
 920                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
 921                 .off1   = td_var_offset(file_size_low),
 922                 .off2   = td_var_offset(file_size_high),
 923                 .minval = 1,
 924                 .help   = "Size of individual files",
 925         },
 926         {
 927                 .name   = "offset",
 928                 .alias  = "fileoffset",
 929                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
 930                 .off1   = td_var_offset(start_offset),
 931                 .help   = "Start IO from this offset",
 932                 .def    = "0",
 933         },
 934         {
 935                 .name   = "bs",
 936                 .alias  = "blocksize",
 937                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 938                 .off1   = td_var_offset(bs[DDIR_READ]),
 939                 .off2   = td_var_offset(bs[DDIR_WRITE]),
 940                 .minval = 1,
 941                 .help   = "Block size unit",
 942                 .def    = "4k",
 943                 .parent = "rw",
 944         },
 945         {
 946                 .name   = "ba",
 947                 .alias  = "blockalign",
 948                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
 949                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ba[DDIR_READ]),
 950                 .off2   = td_var_offset(ba[DDIR_WRITE]),
 951                 .minval = 1,
 952                 .help   = "IO block offset alignment",
 953                 .parent = "rw",
 954         },
 955         {
 956                 .name   = "bsrange",
 957                 .alias  = "blocksize_range",
 958                 .type   = FIO_OPT_RANGE,
 959                 .off1   = td_var_offset(min_bs[DDIR_READ]),
 960                 .off2   = td_var_offset(max_bs[DDIR_READ]),
 961                 .off3   = td_var_offset(min_bs[DDIR_WRITE]),
 962                 .off4   = td_var_offset(max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]),
 963                 .minval = 1,
 964                 .help   = "Set block size range (in more detail than bs)",
 965                 .parent = "rw",
 966         },
 967         {
 968                 .name   = "bssplit",
 969                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
 970                 .cb     = str_bssplit_cb,
 971                 .help   = "Set a specific mix of block sizes",
 972                 .parent = "rw",
 973         },
 974         {
 975                 .name   = "bs_unaligned",
 976                 .alias  = "blocksize_unaligned",
 977                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
 978                 .off1   = td_var_offset(bs_unaligned),
 979                 .help   = "Don't sector align IO buffer sizes",
 980                 .parent = "rw",
 981         },
 982         {
 983                 .name   = "randrepeat",
 984                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
 985                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rand_repeatable),
 986                 .help   = "Use repeatable random IO pattern",
 987                 .def    = "1",
 988                 .parent = "rw",
 989         },
 990         {
 991                 .name   = "norandommap",
 992                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
 993                 .off1   = td_var_offset(norandommap),
 994                 .help   = "Accept potential duplicate random blocks",
 995                 .parent = "rw",
 996         },
 997         {
 998                 .name   = "softrandommap",
 999                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1000                 .off1   = td_var_offset(softrandommap),
1001                 .help   = "Set norandommap if randommap allocation fails",
1002                 .parent = "norandommap",
1003                 .def    = "0",
1004         },
1005         {
1006                 .name   = "nrfiles",
1007                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1008                 .off1   = td_var_offset(nr_files),
1009                 .help   = "Split job workload between this number of files",
1010                 .def    = "1",
1011         },
1012         {
1013                 .name   = "openfiles",
1014                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1015                 .off1   = td_var_offset(open_files),
1016                 .help   = "Number of files to keep open at the same time",
1017         },
1018         {
1019                 .name   = "file_service_type",
1020                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1021                 .cb     = str_fst_cb,
1022                 .off1   = td_var_offset(file_service_type),
1023                 .help   = "How to select which file to service next",
1024                 .def    = "roundrobin",
1025                 .posval = {
1026                           { .ival = "random",
1027                             .oval = FIO_FSERVICE_RANDOM,
1028                             .help = "Choose a file at random",
1029                           },
1030                           { .ival = "roundrobin",
1031                             .oval = FIO_FSERVICE_RR,
1032                             .help = "Round robin select files",
1033                           },
1034                           { .ival = "sequential",
1035                             .oval = FIO_FSERVICE_SEQ,
1036                             .help = "Finish one file before moving to the next",
1037                           },
1038                 },
1039                 .parent = "nrfiles",
1040         },
1041         {
1042                 .name   = "fadvise_hint",
1043                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1044                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fadvise_hint),
1045                 .help   = "Use fadvise() to advise the kernel on IO pattern",
1046                 .def    = "1",
1047         },
1048         {
1049                 .name   = "fsync",
1050                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1051                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fsync_blocks),
1052                 .help   = "Issue fsync for writes every given number of blocks",
1053                 .def    = "0",
1054         },
1055         {
1056                 .name   = "fdatasync",
1057                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1058                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fdatasync_blocks),
1059                 .help   = "Issue fdatasync for writes every given number of blocks",
1060                 .def    = "0",
1061         },
1062         {
1063                 .name   = "direct",
1064                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1065                 .off1   = td_var_offset(odirect),
1066                 .help   = "Use O_DIRECT IO (negates buffered)",
1067                 .def    = "0",
1068         },
1069         {
1070                 .name   = "buffered",
1071                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1072                 .off1   = td_var_offset(odirect),
1073                 .neg    = 1,
1074                 .help   = "Use buffered IO (negates direct)",
1075                 .def    = "1",
1076         },
1077         {
1078                 .name   = "overwrite",
1079                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1080                 .off1   = td_var_offset(overwrite),
1081                 .help   = "When writing, set whether to overwrite current data",
1082                 .def    = "0",
1083         },
1084         {
1085                 .name   = "loops",
1086                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1087                 .off1   = td_var_offset(loops),
1088                 .help   = "Number of times to run the job",
1089                 .def    = "1",
1090         },
1091         {
1092                 .name   = "numjobs",
1093                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1094                 .off1   = td_var_offset(numjobs),
1095                 .help   = "Duplicate this job this many times",
1096                 .def    = "1",
1097         },
1098         {
1099                 .name   = "startdelay",
1100                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1101                 .off1   = td_var_offset(start_delay),
1102                 .help   = "Only start job when this period has passed",
1103                 .def    = "0",
1104         },
1105         {
1106                 .name   = "runtime",
1107                 .alias  = "timeout",
1108                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL_TIME,
1109                 .off1   = td_var_offset(timeout),
1110                 .help   = "Stop workload when this amount of time has passed",
1111                 .def    = "0",
1112         },
1113         {
1114                 .name   = "time_based",
1115                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1116                 .off1   = td_var_offset(time_based),
1117                 .help   = "Keep running until runtime/timeout is met",
1118         },
1119         {
1120                 .name   = "ramp_time",
1121                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL_TIME,
1122                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ramp_time),
1123                 .help   = "Ramp up time before measuring performance",
1124         },
1125         {
1126                 .name   = "mem",
1127                 .alias  = "iomem",
1128                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1129                 .cb     = str_mem_cb,
1130                 .off1   = td_var_offset(mem_type),
1131                 .help   = "Backing type for IO buffers",
1132                 .def    = "malloc",
1133                 .posval = {
1134                           { .ival = "malloc",
1135                             .oval = MEM_MALLOC,
1136                             .help = "Use malloc(3) for IO buffers",
1137                           },
1138                           { .ival = "shm",
1139                             .oval = MEM_SHM,
1140                             .help = "Use shared memory segments for IO buffers",
1141                           },
1142 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_HUGETLB
1143                           { .ival = "shmhuge",
1144                             .oval = MEM_SHMHUGE,
1145                             .help = "Like shm, but use huge pages",
1146                           },
1147 #endif
1148                           { .ival = "mmap",
1149                             .oval = MEM_MMAP,
1150                             .help = "Use mmap(2) (file or anon) for IO buffers",
1151                           },
1152 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_HUGETLB
1153                           { .ival = "mmaphuge",
1154                             .oval = MEM_MMAPHUGE,
1155                             .help = "Like mmap, but use huge pages",
1156                           },
1157 #endif
1158                   },
1159         },
1160         {
1161                 .name   = "iomem_align",
1162                 .alias  = "mem_align",
1163                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1164                 .off1   = td_var_offset(mem_align),
1165                 .minval = 0,
1166                 .help   = "IO memory buffer offset alignment",
1167                 .def    = "0",
1168                 .parent = "iomem",
1169         },
1170         {
1171                 .name   = "verify",
1172                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1173                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify),
1174                 .help   = "Verify data written",
1175                 .def    = "0",
1176                 .posval = {
1177                           { .ival = "0",
1178                             .oval = VERIFY_NONE,
1179                             .help = "Don't do IO verification",
1180                           },
1181                           { .ival = "md5",
1182                             .oval = VERIFY_MD5,
1183                             .help = "Use md5 checksums for verification",
1184                           },
1185                           { .ival = "crc64",
1186                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC64,
1187                             .help = "Use crc64 checksums for verification",
1188                           },
1189                           { .ival = "crc32",
1190                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC32,
1191                             .help = "Use crc32 checksums for verification",
1192                           },
1193                           { .ival = "crc32c-intel",
1194                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC32C_INTEL,
1195                             .help = "Use hw crc32c checksums for verification",
1196                           },
1197                           { .ival = "crc32c",
1198                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC32C,
1199                             .help = "Use crc32c checksums for verification",
1200                           },
1201                           { .ival = "crc16",
1202                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC16,
1203                             .help = "Use crc16 checksums for verification",
1204                           },
1205                           { .ival = "crc7",
1206                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC7,
1207                             .help = "Use crc7 checksums for verification",
1208                           },
1209                           { .ival = "sha1",
1210                             .oval = VERIFY_SHA1,
1211                             .help = "Use sha1 checksums for verification",
1212                           },
1213                           { .ival = "sha256",
1214                             .oval = VERIFY_SHA256,
1215                             .help = "Use sha256 checksums for verification",
1216                           },
1217                           { .ival = "sha512",
1218                             .oval = VERIFY_SHA512,
1219                             .help = "Use sha512 checksums for verification",
1220                           },
1221                           { .ival = "meta",
1222                             .oval = VERIFY_META,
1223                             .help = "Use io information",
1224                           },
1225                           {
1226                             .ival = "null",
1227                             .oval = VERIFY_NULL,
1228                             .help = "Pretend to verify",
1229                           },
1230                 },
1231         },
1232         {
1233                 .name   = "do_verify",
1234                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1235                 .off1   = td_var_offset(do_verify),
1236                 .help   = "Run verification stage after write",
1237                 .def    = "1",
1238                 .parent = "verify",
1239         },
1240         {
1241                 .name   = "verifysort",
1242                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1243                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verifysort),
1244                 .help   = "Sort written verify blocks for read back",
1245                 .def    = "1",
1246                 .parent = "verify",
1247         },
1248         {
1249                 .name   = "verify_interval",
1250                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1251                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_interval),
1252                 .minval = 2 * sizeof(struct verify_header),
1253                 .help   = "Store verify buffer header every N bytes",
1254                 .parent = "verify",
1255         },
1256         {
1257                 .name   = "verify_offset",
1258                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1259                 .help   = "Offset verify header location by N bytes",
1260                 .def    = "0",
1261                 .cb     = str_verify_offset_cb,
1262                 .parent = "verify",
1263         },
1264         {
1265                 .name   = "verify_pattern",
1266                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1267                 .cb     = str_verify_pattern_cb,
1268                 .help   = "Fill pattern for IO buffers",
1269                 .parent = "verify",
1270         },
1271         {
1272                 .name   = "verify_fatal",
1273                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1274                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_fatal),
1275                 .def    = "0",
1276                 .help   = "Exit on a single verify failure, don't continue",
1277                 .parent = "verify",
1278         },
1279         {
1280                 .name   = "verify_async",
1281                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1282                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_async),
1283                 .def    = "0",
1284                 .help   = "Number of async verifier threads to use",
1285                 .parent = "verify",
1286         },
1287 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
1288         {
1289                 .name   = "verify_async_cpus",
1290                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1291                 .cb     = str_verify_cpus_allowed_cb,
1292                 .help   = "Set CPUs allowed for async verify threads",
1293                 .parent = "verify_async",
1294         },
1295 #endif
1296         {
1297                 .name   = "write_iolog",
1298                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1299                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_iolog_file),
1300                 .help   = "Store IO pattern to file",
1301         },
1302         {
1303                 .name   = "read_iolog",
1304                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1305                 .off1   = td_var_offset(read_iolog_file),
1306                 .help   = "Playback IO pattern from file",
1307         },
1308         {
1309                 .name   = "exec_prerun",
1310                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1311                 .off1   = td_var_offset(exec_prerun),
1312                 .help   = "Execute this file prior to running job",
1313         },
1314         {
1315                 .name   = "exec_postrun",
1316                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1317                 .off1   = td_var_offset(exec_postrun),
1318                 .help   = "Execute this file after running job",
1319         },
1320 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH
1321         {
1322                 .name   = "ioscheduler",
1323                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1324                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ioscheduler),
1325                 .help   = "Use this IO scheduler on the backing device",
1326         },
1327 #endif
1328         {
1329                 .name   = "zonesize",
1330                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1331                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zone_size),
1332                 .help   = "Give size of an IO zone",
1333                 .def    = "0",
1334         },
1335         {
1336                 .name   = "zoneskip",
1337                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1338                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zone_skip),
1339                 .help   = "Space between IO zones",
1340                 .def    = "0",
1341         },
1342         {
1343                 .name   = "lockmem",
1344                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1345                 .cb     = str_lockmem_cb,
1346                 .help   = "Lock down this amount of memory",
1347                 .def    = "0",
1348         },
1349         {
1350                 .name   = "rwmixread",
1351                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1352                 .cb     = str_rwmix_read_cb,
1353                 .maxval = 100,
1354                 .help   = "Percentage of mixed workload that is reads",
1355                 .def    = "50",
1356         },
1357         {
1358                 .name   = "rwmixwrite",
1359                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1360                 .cb     = str_rwmix_write_cb,
1361                 .maxval = 100,
1362                 .help   = "Percentage of mixed workload that is writes",
1363                 .def    = "50",
1364         },
1365         {
1366                 .name   = "rwmixcycle",
1367                 .type   = FIO_OPT_DEPRECATED,
1368         },
1369         {
1370                 .name   = "nice",
1371                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1372                 .off1   = td_var_offset(nice),
1373                 .help   = "Set job CPU nice value",
1374                 .minval = -19,
1375                 .maxval = 20,
1376                 .def    = "0",
1377         },
1378 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOPRIO
1379         {
1380                 .name   = "prio",
1381                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1382                 .cb     = str_prio_cb,
1383                 .help   = "Set job IO priority value",
1384                 .minval = 0,
1385                 .maxval = 7,
1386         },
1387         {
1388                 .name   = "prioclass",
1389                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1390                 .cb     = str_prioclass_cb,
1391                 .help   = "Set job IO priority class",
1392                 .minval = 0,
1393                 .maxval = 3,
1394         },
1395 #endif
1396         {
1397                 .name   = "thinktime",
1398                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1399                 .off1   = td_var_offset(thinktime),
1400                 .help   = "Idle time between IO buffers (usec)",
1401                 .def    = "0",
1402         },
1403         {
1404                 .name   = "thinktime_spin",
1405                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1406                 .off1   = td_var_offset(thinktime_spin),
1407                 .help   = "Start think time by spinning this amount (usec)",
1408                 .def    = "0",
1409                 .parent = "thinktime",
1410         },
1411         {
1412                 .name   = "thinktime_blocks",
1413                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1414                 .off1   = td_var_offset(thinktime_blocks),
1415                 .help   = "IO buffer period between 'thinktime'",
1416                 .def    = "1",
1417                 .parent = "thinktime",
1418         },
1419         {
1420                 .name   = "rate",
1421                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1422                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rate[0]),
1423                 .off2   = td_var_offset(rate[1]),
1424                 .help   = "Set bandwidth rate",
1425         },
1426         {
1427                 .name   = "ratemin",
1428                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1429                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ratemin[0]),
1430                 .off2   = td_var_offset(ratemin[1]),
1431                 .help   = "Job must meet this rate or it will be shutdown",
1432                 .parent = "rate",
1433         },
1434         {
1435                 .name   = "rate_iops",
1436                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1437                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rate_iops[0]),
1438                 .off2   = td_var_offset(rate_iops[1]),
1439                 .help   = "Limit IO used to this number of IO operations/sec",
1440         },
1441         {
1442                 .name   = "rate_iops_min",
1443                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1444                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rate_iops_min[0]),
1445                 .off2   = td_var_offset(rate_iops_min[1]),
1446                 .help   = "Job must meet this rate or it will be shutdown",
1447                 .parent = "rate_iops",
1448         },
1449         {
1450                 .name   = "ratecycle",
1451                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1452                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ratecycle),
1453                 .help   = "Window average for rate limits (msec)",
1454                 .def    = "1000",
1455                 .parent = "rate",
1456         },
1457         {
1458                 .name   = "invalidate",
1459                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1460                 .off1   = td_var_offset(invalidate_cache),
1461                 .help   = "Invalidate buffer/page cache prior to running job",
1462                 .def    = "1",
1463         },
1464         {
1465                 .name   = "sync",
1466                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1467                 .off1   = td_var_offset(sync_io),
1468                 .help   = "Use O_SYNC for buffered writes",
1469                 .def    = "0",
1470                 .parent = "buffered",
1471         },
1472         {
1473                 .name   = "bwavgtime",
1474                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1475                 .off1   = td_var_offset(bw_avg_time),
1476                 .help   = "Time window over which to calculate bandwidth"
1477                           " (msec)",
1478                 .def    = "500",
1479         },
1480         {
1481                 .name   = "create_serialize",
1482                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1483                 .off1   = td_var_offset(create_serialize),
1484                 .help   = "Serialize creating of job files",
1485                 .def    = "1",
1486         },
1487         {
1488                 .name   = "create_fsync",
1489                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1490                 .off1   = td_var_offset(create_fsync),
1491                 .help   = "Fsync file after creation",
1492                 .def    = "1",
1493         },
1494         {
1495                 .name   = "create_on_open",
1496                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1497                 .off1   = td_var_offset(create_on_open),
1498                 .help   = "Create files when they are opened for IO",
1499                 .def    = "0",
1500         },
1501         {
1502                 .name   = "pre_read",
1503                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1504                 .off1   = td_var_offset(pre_read),
1505                 .help   = "Preread files before starting official testing",
1506                 .def    = "0",
1507         },
1508         {
1509                 .name   = "cpuload",
1510                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1511                 .off1   = td_var_offset(cpuload),
1512                 .help   = "Use this percentage of CPU",
1513         },
1514         {
1515                 .name   = "cpuchunks",
1516                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1517                 .off1   = td_var_offset(cpucycle),
1518                 .help   = "Length of the CPU burn cycles (usecs)",
1519                 .def    = "50000",
1520                 .parent = "cpuload",
1521         },
1522 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
1523         {
1524                 .name   = "cpumask",
1525                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1526                 .cb     = str_cpumask_cb,
1527                 .help   = "CPU affinity mask",
1528         },
1529         {
1530                 .name   = "cpus_allowed",
1531                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1532                 .cb     = str_cpus_allowed_cb,
1533                 .help   = "Set CPUs allowed",
1534         },
1535 #endif
1536         {
1537                 .name   = "end_fsync",
1538                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1539                 .off1   = td_var_offset(end_fsync),
1540                 .help   = "Include fsync at the end of job",
1541                 .def    = "0",
1542         },
1543         {
1544                 .name   = "fsync_on_close",
1545                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1546                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fsync_on_close),
1547                 .help   = "fsync files on close",
1548                 .def    = "0",
1549         },
1550         {
1551                 .name   = "unlink",
1552                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1553                 .off1   = td_var_offset(unlink),
1554                 .help   = "Unlink created files after job has completed",
1555                 .def    = "0",
1556         },
1557         {
1558                 .name   = "exitall",
1559                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1560                 .cb     = str_exitall_cb,
1561                 .help   = "Terminate all jobs when one exits",
1562         },
1563         {
1564                 .name   = "stonewall",
1565                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1566                 .off1   = td_var_offset(stonewall),
1567                 .help   = "Insert a hard barrier between this job and previous",
1568         },
1569         {
1570                 .name   = "new_group",
1571                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1572                 .off1   = td_var_offset(new_group),
1573                 .help   = "Mark the start of a new group (for reporting)",
1574         },
1575         {
1576                 .name   = "thread",
1577                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1578                 .off1   = td_var_offset(use_thread),
1579                 .help   = "Use threads instead of forks",
1580         },
1581         {
1582                 .name   = "write_bw_log",
1583                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1584                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_bw_log),
1585                 .cb     = str_write_bw_log_cb,
1586                 .help   = "Write log of bandwidth during run",
1587         },
1588         {
1589                 .name   = "write_lat_log",
1590                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1591                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_lat_log),
1592                 .cb     = str_write_lat_log_cb,
1593                 .help   = "Write log of latency during run",
1594         },
1595         {
1596                 .name   = "hugepage-size",
1597                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1598                 .off1   = td_var_offset(hugepage_size),
1599                 .help   = "When using hugepages, specify size of each page",
1600                 .def    = __stringify(FIO_HUGE_PAGE),
1601         },
1602         {
1603                 .name   = "group_reporting",
1604                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1605                 .off1   = td_var_offset(group_reporting),
1606                 .help   = "Do reporting on a per-group basis",
1607         },
1608         {
1609                 .name   = "zero_buffers",
1610                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1611                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zero_buffers),
1612                 .help   = "Init IO buffers to all zeroes",
1613         },
1614         {
1615                 .name   = "refill_buffers",
1616                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1617                 .off1   = td_var_offset(refill_buffers),
1618                 .help   = "Refill IO buffers on every IO submit",
1619         },
1620 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_DISK_UTIL
1621         {
1622                 .name   = "disk_util",
1623                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1624                 .off1   = td_var_offset(do_disk_util),
1625                 .help   = "Log disk utilization statistics",
1626                 .def    = "1",
1627         },
1628 #endif
1629         {
1630                 .name   = "gtod_reduce",
1631                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1632                 .help   = "Greatly reduce number of gettimeofday() calls",
1633                 .cb     = str_gtod_reduce_cb,
1634                 .def    = "0",
1635         },
1636         {
1637                 .name   = "disable_clat",
1638                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1639                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_clat),
1640                 .help   = "Disable completion latency numbers",
1641                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
1642                 .def    = "0",
1643         },
1644         {
1645                 .name   = "disable_slat",
1646                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1647                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_slat),
1648                 .help   = "Disable submissionn latency numbers",
1649                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
1650                 .def    = "0",
1651         },
1652         {
1653                 .name   = "disable_bw_measurement",
1654                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1655                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_bw),
1656                 .help   = "Disable bandwidth logging",
1657                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
1658                 .def    = "0",
1659         },
1660         {
1661                 .name   = "gtod_cpu",
1662                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1663                 .cb     = str_gtod_cpu_cb,
1664                 .help   = "Setup dedicated gettimeofday() thread on this CPU",
1665                 .verify = gtod_cpu_verify,
1666         },
1667         {
1668                 .name   = "continue_on_error",
1669                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1670                 .off1   = td_var_offset(continue_on_error),
1671                 .help   = "Continue on non-fatal errors during I/O",
1672                 .def    = "0",
1673         },
1674         {
1675                 .name = NULL,
1676         },
1677 };
1678
1679 void fio_options_dup_and_init(struct option *long_options)
1680 {
1681         struct fio_option *o;
1682         unsigned int i;
1683
1684         options_init(options);
1685
1686         i = 0;
1687         while (long_options[i].name)
1688                 i++;
1689
1690         o = &options[0];
1691         while (o->name) {
1692                 long_options[i].name = (char *) o->name;
1693                 long_options[i].val = FIO_GETOPT_JOB;
1694                 if (o->type == FIO_OPT_STR_SET)
1695                         long_options[i].has_arg = no_argument;
1696                 else
1697                         long_options[i].has_arg = required_argument;
1698
1699                 i++;
1700                 o++;
1701                 assert(i < FIO_NR_OPTIONS);
1702         }
1703 }
1704
1705 struct fio_keyword {
1706         const char *word;
1707         const char *desc;
1708         char *replace;
1709 };
1710
1711 static struct fio_keyword fio_keywords[] = {
1712         {
1713                 .word   = "$pagesize",
1714                 .desc   = "Page size in the system",
1715         },
1716         {
1717                 .word   = "$mb_memory",
1718                 .desc   = "Megabytes of memory online",
1719         },
1720         {
1721                 .word   = "$ncpus",
1722                 .desc   = "Number of CPUs online in the system",
1723         },
1724         {
1725                 .word   = NULL,
1726         },
1727 };
1728
1729 void fio_keywords_init(void)
1730 {
1731         unsigned long mb_memory;
1732         char buf[128];
1733         long l;
1734
1735         sprintf(buf, "%lu", page_size);
1736         fio_keywords[0].replace = strdup(buf);
1737
1738         l = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
1739         mb_memory = l * (page_size / 1024UL);
1740         sprintf(buf, "%lu", mb_memory);
1741         fio_keywords[1].replace = strdup(buf);
1742
1743         l = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
1744         sprintf(buf, "%lu", l);
1745         fio_keywords[2].replace = strdup(buf);
1746 }
1747
1748 /*
1749  * Look for reserved variable names and replace them with real values
1750  */
1751 static char *fio_keyword_replace(char *opt)
1752 {
1753         char *s;
1754         int i;
1755
1756         for (i = 0; fio_keywords[i].word != NULL; i++) {
1757                 struct fio_keyword *kw = &fio_keywords[i];
1758
1759                 while ((s = strstr(opt, kw->word)) != NULL) {
1760                         char *new = malloc(strlen(opt) + 1);
1761                         char *o_org = opt;
1762                         int olen = s - opt;
1763                         int len;
1764
1765                         /*
1766                          * Copy part of the string before the keyword and
1767                          * sprintf() the replacement after it.
1768                          */
1769                         memcpy(new, opt, olen);
1770                         len = sprintf(new + olen, "%s", kw->replace);
1771
1772                         /*
1773                          * If there's more in the original string, copy that
1774                          * in too
1775                          */
1776                         opt += strlen(kw->word) + olen;
1777                         if (strlen(opt))
1778                                 memcpy(new + olen + len, opt, opt - o_org - 1);
1779
1780                         /*
1781                          * replace opt and free the old opt
1782                          */
1783                         opt = new;
1784                         free(o_org);
1785                 }
1786         }
1787
1788         return opt;
1789 }
1790
1791 int fio_options_parse(struct thread_data *td, char **opts, int num_opts)
1792 {
1793         int i, ret;
1794
1795         sort_options(opts, options, num_opts);
1796
1797         for (ret = 0, i = 0; i < num_opts; i++) {
1798                 opts[i] = fio_keyword_replace(opts[i]);
1799                 ret |= parse_option(opts[i], options, td);
1800         }
1801
1802         return ret;
1803 }
1804
1805 int fio_cmd_option_parse(struct thread_data *td, const char *opt, char *val)
1806 {
1807         return parse_cmd_option(opt, val, options, td);
1808 }
1809
1810 void fio_fill_default_options(struct thread_data *td)
1811 {
1812         fill_default_options(td, options);
1813 }
1814
1815 int fio_show_option_help(const char *opt)
1816 {
1817         return show_cmd_help(options, opt);
1818 }
1819
1820 static void __options_mem(struct thread_data *td, int alloc)
1821 {
1822         struct thread_options *o = &td->o;
1823         struct fio_option *opt;
1824         char **ptr;
1825         int i;
1826
1827         for (i = 0, opt = &options[0]; opt->name; i++, opt = &options[i]) {
1828                 if (opt->type != FIO_OPT_STR_STORE)
1829                         continue;
1830
1831                 ptr = (void *) o + opt->off1;
1832                 if (*ptr) {
1833                         if (alloc)
1834                                 *ptr = strdup(*ptr);
1835                         else {
1836                                 free(*ptr);
1837                                 *ptr = NULL;
1838                         }
1839                 }
1840         }
1841 }
1842
1843 /*
1844  * dupe FIO_OPT_STR_STORE options
1845  */
1846 void options_mem_dupe(struct thread_data *td)
1847 {
1848         __options_mem(td, 1);
1849 }
1850
1851 void options_mem_free(struct thread_data fio_unused *td)
1852 {
1853 #if 0
1854         __options_mem(td, 0);
1855 #endif
1856 }
1857
1858 unsigned int fio_get_kb_base(void *data)
1859 {
1860         struct thread_data *td = data;
1861         unsigned int kb_base = 0;
1862
1863         if (td)
1864                 kb_base = td->o.kb_base;
1865         if (!kb_base)
1866                 kb_base = 1024;
1867
1868         return kb_base;
1869 }