options.c

   1 #include <stdio.h>
   2 #include <stdlib.h>
   3 #include <unistd.h>
   4 #include <ctype.h>
   5 #include <string.h>
   6 #include <assert.h>
   7 #include <libgen.h>
   8 #include <fcntl.h>
   9 #include <sys/types.h>
  10 #include <sys/stat.h>
  11
  12 #include "fio.h"
  13 #include "verify.h"
  14 #include "parse.h"
  15 #include "lib/fls.h"
  16 #include "options.h"
  17
  18 #include "crc/crc32c.h"
  19
  20 /*
  21  * Check if mmap/mmaphuge has a :/foo/bar/file at the end. If so, return that.
  22  */
  23 static char *get_opt_postfix(const char *str)
  24 {
  25         char *p = strstr(str, ":");
  26
  27         if (!p)
  28                 return NULL;
  29
  30         p++;
  31         strip_blank_front(&p);
  32         strip_blank_end(p);
  33         return strdup(p);
  34 }
  35
  36 static int converthexchartoint(char a)
  37 {
  38         int base;
  39
  40         switch(a) {
  41         case '0'...'9':
  42                 base = '0';
  43                 break;
  44         case 'A'...'F':
  45                 base = 'A' - 10;
  46                 break;
  47         case 'a'...'f':
  48                 base = 'a' - 10;
  49                 break;
  50         default:
  51                 base = 0;
  52         }
  53         return (a - base);
  54 }
  55
  56 static int bs_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
  57 {
  58         const struct bssplit *bsp1 = p1;
  59         const struct bssplit *bsp2 = p2;
  60
  61         return bsp1->perc < bsp2->perc;
  62 }
  63
  64 static int bssplit_ddir(struct thread_data *td, int ddir, char *str)
  65 {
  66         struct bssplit *bssplit;
  67         unsigned int i, perc, perc_missing;
  68         unsigned int max_bs, min_bs;
  69         long long val;
  70         char *fname;
  71
  72         td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir] = 4;
  73         bssplit = malloc(4 * sizeof(struct bssplit));
  74
  75         i = 0;
  76         max_bs = 0;
  77         min_bs = -1;
  78         while ((fname = strsep(&str, ":")) != NULL) {
  79                 char *perc_str;
  80
  81                 if (!strlen(fname))
  82                         break;
  83
  84                 /*
  85                  * grow struct buffer, if needed
  86                  */
  87                 if (i == td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]) {
  88                         td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir] <<= 1;
  89                         bssplit = realloc(bssplit, td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]
  90                                                   * sizeof(struct bssplit));
  91                 }
  92
  93                 perc_str = strstr(fname, "/");
  94                 if (perc_str) {
  95                         *perc_str = '\0';
  96                         perc_str++;
  97                         perc = atoi(perc_str);
  98                         if (perc > 100)
  99                                 perc = 100;
 100                         else if (!perc)
 101                                 perc = -1;
 102                 } else
 103                         perc = -1;
 104
 105                 if (str_to_decimal(fname, &val, 1, td)) {
 106                         log_err("fio: bssplit conversion failed\n");
 107                         free(td->o.bssplit);
 108                         return 1;
 109                 }
 110
 111                 if (val > max_bs)
 112                         max_bs = val;
 113                 if (val < min_bs)
 114                         min_bs = val;
 115
 116                 bssplit[i].bs = val;
 117                 bssplit[i].perc = perc;
 118                 i++;
 119         }
 120
 121         td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir] = i;
 122
 123         /*
 124          * Now check if the percentages add up, and how much is missing
 125          */
 126         perc = perc_missing = 0;
 127         for (i = 0; i < td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]; i++) {
 128                 struct bssplit *bsp = &bssplit[i];
 129
 130                 if (bsp->perc == (unsigned char) -1)
 131                         perc_missing++;
 132                 else
 133                         perc += bsp->perc;
 134         }
 135
 136         if (perc > 100) {
 137                 log_err("fio: bssplit percentages add to more than 100%%\n");
 138                 free(bssplit);
 139                 return 1;
 140         }
 141         /*
 142          * If values didn't have a percentage set, divide the remains between
 143          * them.
 144          */
 145         if (perc_missing) {
 146                 for (i = 0; i < td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir]; i++) {
 147                         struct bssplit *bsp = &bssplit[i];
 148
 149                         if (bsp->perc == (unsigned char) -1)
 150                                 bsp->perc = (100 - perc) / perc_missing;
 151                 }
 152         }
 153
 154         td->o.min_bs[ddir] = min_bs;
 155         td->o.max_bs[ddir] = max_bs;
 156
 157         /*
 158          * now sort based on percentages, for ease of lookup
 159          */
 160         qsort(bssplit, td->o.bssplit_nr[ddir], sizeof(struct bssplit), bs_cmp);
 161         td->o.bssplit[ddir] = bssplit;
 162         return 0;
 163 }
 164
 165 static int str_bssplit_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 166 {
 167         struct thread_data *td = data;
 168         char *str, *p, *odir;
 169         int ret = 0;
 170
 171         p = str = strdup(input);
 172
 173         strip_blank_front(&str);
 174         strip_blank_end(str);
 175
 176         odir = strchr(str, ',');
 177         if (odir) {
 178                 ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_WRITE, odir + 1);
 179                 if (!ret) {
 180                         *odir = '\0';
 181                         ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_READ, str);
 182                 }
 183         } else {
 184                 char *op;
 185
 186                 op = strdup(str);
 187
 188                 ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_READ, str);
 189                 if (!ret)
 190                         ret = bssplit_ddir(td, DDIR_WRITE, op);
 191
 192                 free(op);
 193         }
 194
 195         free(p);
 196         return ret;
 197 }
 198
 199 static int str_rw_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 200 {
 201         struct thread_data *td = data;
 202         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 203
 204         td->o.ddir_seq_nr = 1;
 205         td->o.ddir_seq_add = 0;
 206
 207         if (!nr)
 208                 return 0;
 209
 210         if (td_random(td))
 211                 td->o.ddir_seq_nr = atoi(nr);
 212         else {
 213                 long long val;
 214
 215                 if (str_to_decimal(nr, &val, 1, td)) {
 216                         log_err("fio: rw postfix parsing failed\n");
 217                         free(nr);
 218                         return 1;
 219                 }
 220
 221                 td->o.ddir_seq_add = val;
 222         }
 223
 224         free(nr);
 225         return 0;
 226 }
 227
 228 static int str_mem_cb(void *data, const char *mem)
 229 {
 230         struct thread_data *td = data;
 231
 232         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAP) {
 233                 td->mmapfile = get_opt_postfix(mem);
 234                 if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE && !td->mmapfile) {
 235                         log_err("fio: mmaphuge:/path/to/file\n");
 236                         return 1;
 237                 }
 238         }
 239
 240         return 0;
 241 }
 242
 243 static int str_verify_cb(void *data, const char *mem)
 244 {
 245         struct thread_data *td = data;
 246
 247         if (td->o.verify == VERIFY_CRC32C_INTEL ||
 248             td->o.verify == VERIFY_CRC32C) {
 249                 crc32c_intel_probe();
 250         }
 251
 252         return 0;
 253 }
 254
 255 static int fio_clock_source_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 256 {
 257         struct thread_data *td = data;
 258
 259         fio_clock_source = td->o.clocksource;
 260         fio_time_init();
 261         return 0;
 262 }
 263
 264 static int str_lockmem_cb(void fio_unused *data, unsigned long long *val)
 265 {
 266         mlock_size = *val;
 267         return 0;
 268 }
 269
 270 static int str_rwmix_read_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *val)
 271 {
 272         struct thread_data *td = data;
 273
 274         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_READ] = *val;
 275         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_WRITE] = 100 - *val;
 276         return 0;
 277 }
 278
 279 static int str_rwmix_write_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *val)
 280 {
 281         struct thread_data *td = data;
 282
 283         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_WRITE] = *val;
 284         td->o.rwmix[DDIR_READ] = 100 - *val;
 285         return 0;
 286 }
 287
 288 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOPRIO
 289 static int str_prioclass_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *val)
 290 {
 291         struct thread_data *td = data;
 292         unsigned short mask;
 293
 294         /*
 295          * mask off old class bits, str_prio_cb() may have set a default class
 296          */
 297         mask = (1 << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) - 1;
 298         td->ioprio &= mask;
 299
 300         td->ioprio |= *val << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT;
 301         td->ioprio_set = 1;
 302         return 0;
 303 }
 304
 305 static int str_prio_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *val)
 306 {
 307         struct thread_data *td = data;
 308
 309         td->ioprio |= *val;
 310
 311         /*
 312          * If no class is set, assume BE
 313          */
 314         if ((td->ioprio >> IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) == 0)
 315                 td->ioprio |= IOPRIO_CLASS_BE << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT;
 316
 317         td->ioprio_set = 1;
 318         return 0;
 319 }
 320 #endif
 321
 322 static int str_exitall_cb(void)
 323 {
 324         exitall_on_terminate = 1;
 325         return 0;
 326 }
 327
 328 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
 329 static int str_cpumask_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *val)
 330 {
 331         struct thread_data *td = data;
 332         unsigned int i;
 333         long max_cpu;
 334         int ret;
 335
 336         ret = fio_cpuset_init(&td->o.cpumask);
 337         if (ret < 0) {
 338                 log_err("fio: cpuset_init failed\n");
 339                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_init");
 340                 return 1;
 341         }
 342
 343         max_cpu = cpus_online();
 344
 345         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * 8; i++) {
 346                 if ((1 << i) & *val) {
 347                         if (i > max_cpu) {
 348                                 log_err("fio: CPU %d too large (max=%ld)\n", i,
 349                                                                 max_cpu);
 350                                 return 1;
 351                         }
 352                         dprint(FD_PARSE, "set cpu allowed %d\n", i);
 353                         fio_cpu_set(&td->o.cpumask, i);
 354                 }
 355         }
 356
 357         td->o.cpumask_set = 1;
 358         return 0;
 359 }
 360
 361 static int set_cpus_allowed(struct thread_data *td, os_cpu_mask_t *mask,
 362                             const char *input)
 363 {
 364         char *cpu, *str, *p;
 365         long max_cpu;
 366         int ret = 0;
 367
 368         ret = fio_cpuset_init(mask);
 369         if (ret < 0) {
 370                 log_err("fio: cpuset_init failed\n");
 371                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_init");
 372                 return 1;
 373         }
 374
 375         p = str = strdup(input);
 376
 377         strip_blank_front(&str);
 378         strip_blank_end(str);
 379
 380         max_cpu = cpus_online();
 381
 382         while ((cpu = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
 383                 char *str2, *cpu2;
 384                 int icpu, icpu2;
 385
 386                 if (!strlen(cpu))
 387                         break;
 388
 389                 str2 = cpu;
 390                 icpu2 = -1;
 391                 while ((cpu2 = strsep(&str2, "-")) != NULL) {
 392                         if (!strlen(cpu2))
 393                                 break;
 394
 395                         icpu2 = atoi(cpu2);
 396                 }
 397
 398                 icpu = atoi(cpu);
 399                 if (icpu2 == -1)
 400                         icpu2 = icpu;
 401                 while (icpu <= icpu2) {
 402                         if (icpu >= FIO_MAX_CPUS) {
 403                                 log_err("fio: your OS only supports up to"
 404                                         " %d CPUs\n", (int) FIO_MAX_CPUS);
 405                                 ret = 1;
 406                                 break;
 407                         }
 408                         if (icpu > max_cpu) {
 409                                 log_err("fio: CPU %d too large (max=%ld)\n",
 410                                                         icpu, max_cpu);
 411                                 ret = 1;
 412                                 break;
 413                         }
 414
 415                         dprint(FD_PARSE, "set cpu allowed %d\n", icpu);
 416                         fio_cpu_set(mask, icpu);
 417                         icpu++;
 418                 }
 419                 if (ret)
 420                         break;
 421         }
 422
 423         free(p);
 424         if (!ret)
 425                 td->o.cpumask_set = 1;
 426         return ret;
 427 }
 428
 429 static int str_cpus_allowed_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 430 {
 431         struct thread_data *td = data;
 432         int ret;
 433
 434         ret = set_cpus_allowed(td, &td->o.cpumask, input);
 435         if (!ret)
 436                 td->o.cpumask_set = 1;
 437
 438         return ret;
 439 }
 440
 441 static int str_verify_cpus_allowed_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 442 {
 443         struct thread_data *td = data;
 444         int ret;
 445
 446         ret = set_cpus_allowed(td, &td->o.verify_cpumask, input);
 447         if (!ret)
 448                 td->o.verify_cpumask_set = 1;
 449
 450         return ret;
 451 }
 452 #endif
 453
 454 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_TRIM
 455 static int str_verify_trim_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *val)
 456 {
 457         struct thread_data *td = data;
 458
 459         td->o.trim_percentage = *val;
 460         return 0;
 461 }
 462 #endif
 463
 464 static int str_fst_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 465 {
 466         struct thread_data *td = data;
 467         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 468
 469         td->file_service_nr = 1;
 470         if (nr) {
 471                 td->file_service_nr = atoi(nr);
 472                 free(nr);
 473         }
 474
 475         return 0;
 476 }
 477
 478 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
 479 static int str_sfr_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 480 {
 481         struct thread_data *td = data;
 482         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 483
 484         td->sync_file_range_nr = 1;
 485         if (nr) {
 486                 td->sync_file_range_nr = atoi(nr);
 487                 free(nr);
 488         }
 489
 490         return 0;
 491 }
 492 #endif
 493
 494 static int check_dir(struct thread_data *td, char *fname)
 495 {
 496 #if 0
 497         char file[PATH_MAX], *dir;
 498         int elen = 0;
 499
 500         if (td->o.directory) {
 501                 strcpy(file, td->o.directory);
 502                 strcat(file, "/");
 503                 elen = strlen(file);
 504         }
 505
 506         sprintf(file + elen, "%s", fname);
 507         dir = dirname(file);
 508
 509         {
 510         struct stat sb;
 511         /*
 512          * We can't do this on FIO_DISKLESSIO engines. The engine isn't loaded
 513          * yet, so we can't do this check right here...
 514          */
 515         if (lstat(dir, &sb) < 0) {
 516                 int ret = errno;
 517
 518                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", dir);
 519                 td_verror(td, ret, "lstat");
 520                 return 1;
 521         }
 522
 523         if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
 524                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", dir);
 525                 return 1;
 526         }
 527         }
 528 #endif
 529
 530         return 0;
 531 }
 532
 533 /*
 534  * Return next file in the string. Files are separated with ':'. If the ':'
 535  * is escaped with a '\', then that ':' is part of the filename and does not
 536  * indicate a new file.
 537  */
 538 static char *get_next_file_name(char **ptr)
 539 {
 540         char *str = *ptr;
 541         char *p, *start;
 542
 543         if (!str || !strlen(str))
 544                 return NULL;
 545
 546         start = str;
 547         do {
 548                 /*
 549                  * No colon, we are done
 550                  */
 551                 p = strchr(str, ':');
 552                 if (!p) {
 553                         *ptr = NULL;
 554                         break;
 555                 }
 556
 557                 /*
 558                  * We got a colon, but it's the first character. Skip and
 559                  * continue
 560                  */
 561                 if (p == start) {
 562                         str = ++start;
 563                         continue;
 564                 }
 565
 566                 if (*(p - 1) != '\\') {
 567                         *p = '\0';
 568                         *ptr = p + 1;
 569                         break;
 570                 }
 571
 572                 memmove(p - 1, p, strlen(p) + 1);
 573                 str = p;
 574         } while (1);
 575
 576         return start;
 577 }
 578
 579 static int str_filename_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 580 {
 581         struct thread_data *td = data;
 582         char *fname, *str, *p;
 583
 584         p = str = strdup(input);
 585
 586         strip_blank_front(&str);
 587         strip_blank_end(str);
 588
 589         if (!td->files_index)
 590                 td->o.nr_files = 0;
 591
 592         while ((fname = get_next_file_name(&str)) != NULL) {
 593                 if (!strlen(fname))
 594                         break;
 595                 if (check_dir(td, fname)) {
 596                         free(p);
 597                         return 1;
 598                 }
 599                 add_file(td, fname);
 600                 td->o.nr_files++;
 601         }
 602
 603         free(p);
 604         return 0;
 605 }
 606
 607 static int str_directory_cb(void *data, const char fio_unused *str)
 608 {
 609         struct thread_data *td = data;
 610         struct stat sb;
 611
 612         if (lstat(td->o.directory, &sb) < 0) {
 613                 int ret = errno;
 614
 615                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", td->o.directory);
 616                 td_verror(td, ret, "lstat");
 617                 return 1;
 618         }
 619         if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
 620                 log_err("fio: %s is not a directory\n", td->o.directory);
 621                 return 1;
 622         }
 623
 624         return 0;
 625 }
 626
 627 static int str_opendir_cb(void *data, const char fio_unused *str)
 628 {
 629         struct thread_data *td = data;
 630
 631         if (!td->files_index)
 632                 td->o.nr_files = 0;
 633
 634         return add_dir_files(td, td->o.opendir);
 635 }
 636
 637 static int str_verify_offset_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *off)
 638 {
 639         struct thread_data *td = data;
 640
 641         if (*off && *off < sizeof(struct verify_header)) {
 642                 log_err("fio: verify_offset too small\n");
 643                 return 1;
 644         }
 645
 646         td->o.verify_offset = *off;
 647         return 0;
 648 }
 649
 650 static int str_verify_pattern_cb(void *data, const char *input)
 651 {
 652         struct thread_data *td = data;
 653         long off;
 654         int i = 0, j = 0, len, k, base = 10;
 655         char* loc1, * loc2;
 656
 657         loc1 = strstr(input, "0x");
 658         loc2 = strstr(input, "0X");
 659         if (loc1 || loc2)
 660                 base = 16;
 661         off = strtol(input, NULL, base);
 662         if (off != LONG_MAX || errno != ERANGE) {
 663                 while (off) {
 664                         td->o.verify_pattern[i] = off & 0xff;
 665                         off >>= 8;
 666                         i++;
 667                 }
 668         } else {
 669                 len = strlen(input);
 670                 k = len - 1;
 671                 if (base == 16) {
 672                         if (loc1)
 673                                 j = loc1 - input + 2;
 674                         else
 675                                 j = loc2 - input + 2;
 676                 } else
 677                         return 1;
 678                 if (len - j < MAX_PATTERN_SIZE * 2) {
 679                         while (k >= j) {
 680                                 off = converthexchartoint(input[k--]);
 681                                 if (k >= j)
 682                                         off += (converthexchartoint(input[k--])
 683                                                 * 16);
 684                                 td->o.verify_pattern[i++] = (char) off;
 685                         }
 686                 }
 687         }
 688
 689         /*
 690          * Fill the pattern all the way to the end. This greatly reduces
 691          * the number of memcpy's we have to do when verifying the IO.
 692          */
 693         while (i > 1 && i * 2 <= MAX_PATTERN_SIZE) {
 694                 memcpy(&td->o.verify_pattern[i], &td->o.verify_pattern[0], i);
 695                 i *= 2;
 696         }
 697         if (i == 1) {
 698                 /*
 699                  * The code in verify_io_u_pattern assumes a single byte pattern
 700                  * fills the whole verify pattern buffer.
 701                  */
 702                 memset(td->o.verify_pattern, td->o.verify_pattern[0],
 703                        MAX_PATTERN_SIZE);
 704         }
 705
 706         td->o.verify_pattern_bytes = i;
 707
 708         /*
 709          * VERIFY_META could already be set
 710          */
 711         if (td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE)
 712                 td->o.verify = VERIFY_PATTERN;
 713
 714         return 0;
 715 }
 716
 717 static int str_lockfile_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 718 {
 719         struct thread_data *td = data;
 720         char *nr = get_opt_postfix(str);
 721
 722         td->o.lockfile_batch = 1;
 723         if (nr) {
 724                 td->o.lockfile_batch = atoi(nr);
 725                 free(nr);
 726         }
 727
 728         return 0;
 729 }
 730
 731 static int str_write_bw_log_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 732 {
 733         struct thread_data *td = data;
 734
 735         if (str)
 736                 td->o.bw_log_file = strdup(str);
 737
 738         td->o.write_bw_log = 1;
 739         return 0;
 740 }
 741
 742 static int str_write_lat_log_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 743 {
 744         struct thread_data *td = data;
 745
 746         if (str)
 747                 td->o.lat_log_file = strdup(str);
 748
 749         td->o.write_lat_log = 1;
 750         return 0;
 751 }
 752
 753 static int str_write_iops_log_cb(void *data, const char *str)
 754 {
 755         struct thread_data *td = data;
 756
 757         if (str)
 758                 td->o.iops_log_file = strdup(str);
 759
 760         td->o.write_iops_log = 1;
 761         return 0;
 762 }
 763
 764 static int str_gtod_reduce_cb(void *data, int *il)
 765 {
 766         struct thread_data *td = data;
 767         int val = *il;
 768
 769         td->o.disable_lat = !!val;
 770         td->o.disable_clat = !!val;
 771         td->o.disable_slat = !!val;
 772         td->o.disable_bw = !!val;
 773         td->o.clat_percentiles = !val;
 774         if (val)
 775                 td->tv_cache_mask = 63;
 776
 777         return 0;
 778 }
 779
 780 static int str_gtod_cpu_cb(void *data, long long *il)
 781 {
 782         struct thread_data *td = data;
 783         int val = *il;
 784
 785         td->o.gtod_cpu = val;
 786         td->o.gtod_offload = 1;
 787         return 0;
 788 }
 789
 790 static int str_size_cb(void *data, unsigned long long *__val)
 791 {
 792         struct thread_data *td = data;
 793         unsigned long long v = *__val;
 794
 795         if (parse_is_percent(v)) {
 796                 td->o.size = 0;
 797                 td->o.size_percent = -1ULL - v;
 798         } else
 799                 td->o.size = v;
 800
 801         return 0;
 802 }
 803
 804 static int rw_verify(struct fio_option *o, void *data)
 805 {
 806         struct thread_data *td = data;
 807
 808         if (read_only && td_write(td)) {
 809                 log_err("fio: job <%s> has write bit set, but fio is in"
 810                         " read-only mode\n", td->o.name);
 811                 return 1;
 812         }
 813
 814         return 0;
 815 }
 816
 817 static int gtod_cpu_verify(struct fio_option *o, void *data)
 818 {
 819 #ifndef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
 820         struct thread_data *td = data;
 821
 822         if (td->o.gtod_cpu) {
 823                 log_err("fio: platform must support CPU affinity for"
 824                         "gettimeofday() offloading\n");
 825                 return 1;
 826         }
 827 #endif
 828
 829         return 0;
 830 }
 831
 832 static int kb_base_verify(struct fio_option *o, void *data)
 833 {
 834         struct thread_data *td = data;
 835
 836         if (td->o.kb_base != 1024 && td->o.kb_base != 1000) {
 837                 log_err("fio: kb_base set to nonsensical value: %u\n",
 838                                 td->o.kb_base);
 839                 return 1;
 840         }
 841
 842         return 0;
 843 }
 844
 845 /*
 846  * Option grouping
 847  */
 848 static struct opt_group fio_opt_groups[] = {
 849         {
 850                 .name   = "General",
 851                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
 852         },
 853         {
 854                 .name   = "I/O",
 855                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
 856         },
 857         {
 858                 .name   = "File",
 859                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
 860         },
 861         {
 862                 .name   = "Statistics",
 863                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
 864         },
 865         {
 866                 .name   = "Logging",
 867                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
 868         },
 869         {
 870                 .name   = NULL,
 871         },
 872 };
 873
 874 static struct opt_group *__opt_group_from_mask(struct opt_group *ogs, unsigned int *mask,
 875                                                unsigned int inv_mask)
 876 {
 877         struct opt_group *og;
 878         int i;
 879
 880         if (*mask == inv_mask || !*mask)
 881                 return NULL;
 882
 883         for (i = 0; ogs[i].name; i++) {
 884                 og = &ogs[i];
 885
 886                 if (*mask & og->mask) {
 887                         *mask &= ~(og->mask);
 888                         return og;
 889                 }
 890         }
 891
 892         return NULL;
 893 }
 894
 895 struct opt_group *opt_group_from_mask(unsigned int *mask)
 896 {
 897         return __opt_group_from_mask(fio_opt_groups, mask, FIO_OPT_C_INVALID);
 898 }
 899
 900 static struct opt_group fio_opt_cat_groups[] = {
 901         {
 902                 .name   = "Rate",
 903                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_RATE,
 904         },
 905         {
 906                 .name   = "Zone",
 907                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_ZONE,
 908         },
 909         {
 910                 .name   = "Read/write mix",
 911                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_RWMIX,
 912         },
 913         {
 914                 .name   = "Verify",
 915                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
 916         },
 917         {
 918                 .name   = "Trim",
 919                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_TRIM,
 920         },
 921         {
 922                 .name   = "I/O Logging",
 923                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_IOLOG,
 924         },
 925         {
 926                 .name   = "I/O Depth",
 927                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_IO_DEPTH,
 928         },
 929         {
 930                 .name   = "I/O Flow",
 931                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_IO_FLOW,
 932         },
 933         {
 934                 .name   = "Description",
 935                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_DESC,
 936         },
 937         {
 938                 .name   = "Filename",
 939                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_FILENAME,
 940         },
 941         {
 942                 .name   = "General I/O",
 943                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
 944         },
 945         {
 946                 .name   = "Cgroups",
 947                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_CGROUP,
 948         },
 949         {
 950                 .name   = "Runtime",
 951                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
 952         },
 953         {
 954                 .name   = "Process",
 955                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_PROCESS,
 956         },
 957         {
 958                 .name   = "Job credentials / priority",
 959                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
 960         },
 961         {
 962                 .name   = "Clock settings",
 963                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_CLOCK,
 964         },
 965         {
 966                 .name   = "I/O Type",
 967                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_IO_TYPE,
 968         },
 969         {
 970                 .name   = "I/O Thinktime",
 971                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_THINKTIME,
 972         },
 973         {
 974                 .name   = "Randomizations",
 975                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_RANDOM,
 976         },
 977         {
 978                 .name   = "I/O buffers",
 979                 .mask   = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BUF,
 980         },
 981         {
 982                 .name   = NULL,
 983         }
 984 };
 985
 986 struct opt_group *opt_group_cat_from_mask(unsigned int *mask)
 987 {
 988         return __opt_group_from_mask(fio_opt_cat_groups, mask, FIO_OPT_G_INVALID);
 989 }
 990
 991 /*
 992  * Map of job/command line options
 993  */
 994 struct fio_option fio_options[FIO_MAX_OPTS] = {
 995         {
 996                 .name   = "description",
 997                 .lname  = "Description of job",
 998                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
 999                 .off1   = td_var_offset(description),
1000                 .help   = "Text job description",
1001                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1002                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_DESC,
1003         },
1004         {
1005                 .name   = "name",
1006                 .lname  = "Job name",
1007                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1008                 .off1   = td_var_offset(name),
1009                 .help   = "Name of this job",
1010                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1011                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_DESC,
1012         },
1013         {
1014                 .name   = "filename",
1015                 .lname  = "Filename(s)",
1016                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1017                 .off1   = td_var_offset(filename),
1018                 .cb     = str_filename_cb,
1019                 .prio   = -1, /* must come after "directory" */
1020                 .help   = "File(s) to use for the workload",
1021                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1022                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_FILENAME,
1023         },
1024         {
1025                 .name   = "directory",
1026                 .lname  = "Directory",
1027                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1028                 .off1   = td_var_offset(directory),
1029                 .cb     = str_directory_cb,
1030                 .help   = "Directory to store files in",
1031                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1032                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_FILENAME,
1033         },
1034         {
1035                 .name   = "lockfile",
1036                 .lname  = "Lockfile",
1037                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1038                 .cb     = str_lockfile_cb,
1039                 .off1   = td_var_offset(file_lock_mode),
1040                 .help   = "Lock file when doing IO to it",
1041                 .parent = "filename",
1042                 .hide   = 0,
1043                 .def    = "none",
1044                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1045                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_FILENAME,
1046                 .posval = {
1047                           { .ival = "none",
1048                             .oval = FILE_LOCK_NONE,
1049                             .help = "No file locking",
1050                           },
1051                           { .ival = "exclusive",
1052                             .oval = FILE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE,
1053                             .help = "Exclusive file lock",
1054                           },
1055                           {
1056                             .ival = "readwrite",
1057                             .oval = FILE_LOCK_READWRITE,
1058                             .help = "Read vs write lock",
1059                           },
1060                 },
1061         },
1062         {
1063                 .name   = "opendir",
1064                 .lname  = "Open directory",
1065                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1066                 .off1   = td_var_offset(opendir),
1067                 .cb     = str_opendir_cb,
1068                 .help   = "Recursively add files from this directory and down",
1069                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1070                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_FILENAME,
1071         },
1072         {
1073                 .name   = "rw",
1074                 .lname  = "Read/write",
1075                 .alias  = "readwrite",
1076                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1077                 .cb     = str_rw_cb,
1078                 .off1   = td_var_offset(td_ddir),
1079                 .help   = "IO direction",
1080                 .def    = "read",
1081                 .verify = rw_verify,
1082                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1083                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1084                 .posval = {
1085                           { .ival = "read",
1086                             .oval = TD_DDIR_READ,
1087                             .help = "Sequential read",
1088                           },
1089                           { .ival = "write",
1090                             .oval = TD_DDIR_WRITE,
1091                             .help = "Sequential write",
1092                           },
1093                           { .ival = "randread",
1094                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RANDREAD,
1095                             .help = "Random read",
1096                           },
1097                           { .ival = "randwrite",
1098                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RANDWRITE,
1099                             .help = "Random write",
1100                           },
1101                           { .ival = "rw",
1102                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RW,
1103                             .help = "Sequential read and write mix",
1104                           },
1105                           { .ival = "randrw",
1106                             .oval = TD_DDIR_RANDRW,
1107                             .help = "Random read and write mix"
1108                           },
1109                 },
1110         },
1111         {
1112                 .name   = "rw_sequencer",
1113                 .lname  = "RW Sequencer",
1114                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1115                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rw_seq),
1116                 .help   = "IO offset generator modifier",
1117                 .def    = "sequential",
1118                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1119                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1120                 .posval = {
1121                           { .ival = "sequential",
1122                             .oval = RW_SEQ_SEQ,
1123                             .help = "Generate sequential offsets",
1124                           },
1125                           { .ival = "identical",
1126                             .oval = RW_SEQ_IDENT,
1127                             .help = "Generate identical offsets",
1128                           },
1129                 },
1130         },
1131
1132         {
1133                 .name   = "ioengine",
1134                 .lname  = "IO Engine",
1135                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
1136                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ioengine),
1137                 .help   = "IO engine to use",
1138                 .def    = FIO_PREFERRED_ENGINE,
1139                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1140                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1141                 .posval = {
1142                           { .ival = "sync",
1143                             .help = "Use read/write",
1144                           },
1145                           { .ival = "psync",
1146                             .help = "Use pread/pwrite",
1147                           },
1148                           { .ival = "vsync",
1149                             .help = "Use readv/writev",
1150                           },
1151 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_LIBAIO
1152                           { .ival = "libaio",
1153                             .help = "Linux native asynchronous IO",
1154                           },
1155 #endif
1156 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_POSIXAIO
1157                           { .ival = "posixaio",
1158                             .help = "POSIX asynchronous IO",
1159                           },
1160 #endif
1161 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SOLARISAIO
1162                           { .ival = "solarisaio",
1163                             .help = "Solaris native asynchronous IO",
1164                           },
1165 #endif
1166 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_WINDOWSAIO
1167                           { .ival = "windowsaio",
1168                             .help = "Windows native asynchronous IO"
1169                           },
1170 #endif
1171                           { .ival = "mmap",
1172                             .help = "Memory mapped IO"
1173                           },
1174 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SPLICE
1175                           { .ival = "splice",
1176                             .help = "splice/vmsplice based IO",
1177                           },
1178                           { .ival = "netsplice",
1179                             .help = "splice/vmsplice to/from the network",
1180                           },
1181 #endif
1182 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SGIO
1183                           { .ival = "sg",
1184                             .help = "SCSI generic v3 IO",
1185                           },
1186 #endif
1187                           { .ival = "null",
1188                             .help = "Testing engine (no data transfer)",
1189                           },
1190                           { .ival = "net",
1191                             .help = "Network IO",
1192                           },
1193 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SYSLET
1194                           { .ival = "syslet-rw",
1195                             .help = "syslet enabled async pread/pwrite IO",
1196                           },
1197 #endif
1198                           { .ival = "cpuio",
1199                             .help = "CPU cycle burner engine",
1200                           },
1201 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_GUASI
1202                           { .ival = "guasi",
1203                             .help = "GUASI IO engine",
1204                           },
1205 #endif
1206 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_BINJECT
1207                           { .ival = "binject",
1208                             .help = "binject direct inject block engine",
1209                           },
1210 #endif
1211 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_RDMA
1212                           { .ival = "rdma",
1213                             .help = "RDMA IO engine",
1214                           },
1215 #endif
1216                           { .ival = "external",
1217                             .help = "Load external engine (append name)",
1218                           },
1219                 },
1220         },
1221         {
1222                 .name   = "iodepth",
1223                 .lname  = "IO Depth",
1224                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1225                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth),
1226                 .help   = "Number of IO buffers to keep in flight",
1227                 .minval = 1,
1228                 .interval = 1,
1229                 .def    = "1",
1230                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1231                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1232         },
1233         {
1234                 .name   = "iodepth_batch",
1235                 .lname  = "IO Depth batch",
1236                 .alias  = "iodepth_batch_submit",
1237                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1238                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth_batch),
1239                 .help   = "Number of IO buffers to submit in one go",
1240                 .parent = "iodepth",
1241                 .hide   = 1,
1242                 .minval = 1,
1243                 .interval = 1,
1244                 .def    = "1",
1245                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1246                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1247         },
1248         {
1249                 .name   = "iodepth_batch_complete",
1250                 .lname  = "IO Depth batch complete",
1251                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1252                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth_batch_complete),
1253                 .help   = "Number of IO buffers to retrieve in one go",
1254                 .parent = "iodepth",
1255                 .hide   = 1,
1256                 .minval = 0,
1257                 .interval = 1,
1258                 .def    = "1",
1259                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1260                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1261         },
1262         {
1263                 .name   = "iodepth_low",
1264                 .lname  = "IO Depth batch low",
1265                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1266                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iodepth_low),
1267                 .help   = "Low water mark for queuing depth",
1268                 .parent = "iodepth",
1269                 .hide   = 1,
1270                 .interval = 1,
1271                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1272                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BASIC,
1273         },
1274         {
1275                 .name   = "size",
1276                 .lname  = "Size",
1277                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1278                 .cb     = str_size_cb,
1279                 .help   = "Total size of device or files",
1280                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
1281                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1282                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1283         },
1284         {
1285                 .name   = "fill_device",
1286                 .lname  = "Fill device",
1287                 .alias  = "fill_fs",
1288                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1289                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fill_device),
1290                 .help   = "Write until an ENOSPC error occurs",
1291                 .def    = "0",
1292                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1293                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1294         },
1295         {
1296                 .name   = "filesize",
1297                 .lname  = "File size",
1298                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1299                 .off1   = td_var_offset(file_size_low),
1300                 .off2   = td_var_offset(file_size_high),
1301                 .minval = 1,
1302                 .help   = "Size of individual files",
1303                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
1304                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1305                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1306         },
1307         {
1308                 .name   = "offset",
1309                 .lname  = "IO offset",
1310                 .alias  = "fileoffset",
1311                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1312                 .off1   = td_var_offset(start_offset),
1313                 .help   = "Start IO from this offset",
1314                 .def    = "0",
1315                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
1316                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1317                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1318         },
1319         {
1320                 .name   = "offset_increment",
1321                 .lname  = "IO offset increment",
1322                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1323                 .off1   = td_var_offset(offset_increment),
1324                 .help   = "What is the increment from one offset to the next",
1325                 .parent = "offset",
1326                 .hide   = 1,
1327                 .def    = "0",
1328                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
1329                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1330                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1331         },
1332         {
1333                 .name   = "bs",
1334                 .lname  = "Block size",
1335                 .alias  = "blocksize",
1336                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1337                 .off1   = td_var_offset(bs[DDIR_READ]),
1338                 .off2   = td_var_offset(bs[DDIR_WRITE]),
1339                 .minval = 1,
1340                 .help   = "Block size unit",
1341                 .def    = "4k",
1342                 .parent = "rw",
1343                 .hide   = 1,
1344                 .interval = 512,
1345                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1346                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1347         },
1348         {
1349                 .name   = "ba",
1350                 .lname  = "Block size align",
1351                 .alias  = "blockalign",
1352                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1353                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ba[DDIR_READ]),
1354                 .off2   = td_var_offset(ba[DDIR_WRITE]),
1355                 .minval = 1,
1356                 .help   = "IO block offset alignment",
1357                 .parent = "rw",
1358                 .hide   = 1,
1359                 .interval = 512,
1360                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1361                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1362         },
1363         {
1364                 .name   = "bsrange",
1365                 .lname  = "Block size range",
1366                 .alias  = "blocksize_range",
1367                 .type   = FIO_OPT_RANGE,
1368                 .off1   = td_var_offset(min_bs[DDIR_READ]),
1369                 .off2   = td_var_offset(max_bs[DDIR_READ]),
1370                 .off3   = td_var_offset(min_bs[DDIR_WRITE]),
1371                 .off4   = td_var_offset(max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]),
1372                 .minval = 1,
1373                 .help   = "Set block size range (in more detail than bs)",
1374                 .parent = "rw",
1375                 .hide   = 1,
1376                 .interval = 4096,
1377                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1378                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1379         },
1380         {
1381                 .name   = "bssplit",
1382                 .lname  = "Block size split",
1383                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1384                 .cb     = str_bssplit_cb,
1385                 .help   = "Set a specific mix of block sizes",
1386                 .parent = "rw",
1387                 .hide   = 1,
1388                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1389                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1390         },
1391         {
1392                 .name   = "bs_unaligned",
1393                 .lname  = "Block size unaligned",
1394                 .alias  = "blocksize_unaligned",
1395                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1396                 .off1   = td_var_offset(bs_unaligned),
1397                 .help   = "Don't sector align IO buffer sizes",
1398                 .parent = "rw",
1399                 .hide   = 1,
1400                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1401                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1402         },
1403         {
1404                 .name   = "randrepeat",
1405                 .lname  = "Random repeatable",
1406                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1407                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rand_repeatable),
1408                 .help   = "Use repeatable random IO pattern",
1409                 .def    = "1",
1410                 .parent = "rw",
1411                 .hide   = 1,
1412                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1413                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RANDOM,
1414         },
1415         {
1416                 .name   = "use_os_rand",
1417                 .lname  = "Use OS random",
1418                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1419                 .off1   = td_var_offset(use_os_rand),
1420                 .help   = "Set to use OS random generator",
1421                 .def    = "0",
1422                 .parent = "rw",
1423                 .hide   = 1,
1424                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1425                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RANDOM,
1426         },
1427         {
1428                 .name   = "norandommap",
1429                 .lname  = "No randommap",
1430                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1431                 .off1   = td_var_offset(norandommap),
1432                 .help   = "Accept potential duplicate random blocks",
1433                 .parent = "rw",
1434                 .hide   = 1,
1435                 .hide_on_set = 1,
1436                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1437                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RANDOM,
1438         },
1439         {
1440                 .name   = "softrandommap",
1441                 .lname  = "Soft randommap",
1442                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1443                 .off1   = td_var_offset(softrandommap),
1444                 .help   = "Set norandommap if randommap allocation fails",
1445                 .parent = "norandommap",
1446                 .hide   = 1,
1447                 .def    = "0",
1448                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1449                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RANDOM,
1450         },
1451         {
1452                 .name   = "nrfiles",
1453                 .lname  = "Number of files",
1454                 .alias  = "nr_files",
1455                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1456                 .off1   = td_var_offset(nr_files),
1457                 .help   = "Split job workload between this number of files",
1458                 .def    = "1",
1459                 .interval = 1,
1460                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1461                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1462         },
1463         {
1464                 .name   = "openfiles",
1465                 .lname  = "Number of open files",
1466                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1467                 .off1   = td_var_offset(open_files),
1468                 .help   = "Number of files to keep open at the same time",
1469                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1470                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1471         },
1472         {
1473                 .name   = "file_service_type",
1474                 .lname  = "File service type",
1475                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1476                 .cb     = str_fst_cb,
1477                 .off1   = td_var_offset(file_service_type),
1478                 .help   = "How to select which file to service next",
1479                 .def    = "roundrobin",
1480                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1481                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1482                 .posval = {
1483                           { .ival = "random",
1484                             .oval = FIO_FSERVICE_RANDOM,
1485                             .help = "Choose a file at random",
1486                           },
1487                           { .ival = "roundrobin",
1488                             .oval = FIO_FSERVICE_RR,
1489                             .help = "Round robin select files",
1490                           },
1491                           { .ival = "sequential",
1492                             .oval = FIO_FSERVICE_SEQ,
1493                             .help = "Finish one file before moving to the next",
1494                           },
1495                 },
1496                 .parent = "nrfiles",
1497                 .hide   = 1,
1498         },
1499 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_FALLOCATE
1500         {
1501                 .name   = "fallocate",
1502                 .lname  = "Fallocate",
1503                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1504                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fallocate_mode),
1505                 .help   = "Whether pre-allocation is performed when laying out files",
1506                 .def    = "posix",
1507                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1508                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1509                 .posval = {
1510                           { .ival = "none",
1511                             .oval = FIO_FALLOCATE_NONE,
1512                             .help = "Do not pre-allocate space",
1513                           },
1514                           { .ival = "posix",
1515                             .oval = FIO_FALLOCATE_POSIX,
1516                             .help = "Use posix_fallocate()",
1517                           },
1518 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_LINUX_FALLOCATE
1519                           { .ival = "keep",
1520                             .oval = FIO_FALLOCATE_KEEP_SIZE,
1521                             .help = "Use fallocate(..., FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, ...)",
1522                           },
1523 #endif
1524                           /* Compatibility with former boolean values */
1525                           { .ival = "0",
1526                             .oval = FIO_FALLOCATE_NONE,
1527                             .help = "Alias for 'none'",
1528                           },
1529                           { .ival = "1",
1530                             .oval = FIO_FALLOCATE_POSIX,
1531                             .help = "Alias for 'posix'",
1532                           },
1533                 },
1534         },
1535 #endif  /* FIO_HAVE_FALLOCATE */
1536         {
1537                 .name   = "fadvise_hint",
1538                 .lname  = "Fadvise hint",
1539                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1540                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fadvise_hint),
1541                 .help   = "Use fadvise() to advise the kernel on IO pattern",
1542                 .def    = "1",
1543                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1544                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1545         },
1546         {
1547                 .name   = "fsync",
1548                 .lname  = "Fsync",
1549                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1550                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fsync_blocks),
1551                 .help   = "Issue fsync for writes every given number of blocks",
1552                 .def    = "0",
1553                 .interval = 1,
1554                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1555                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1556         },
1557         {
1558                 .name   = "fdatasync",
1559                 .lname  = "Fdatasync",
1560                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1561                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fdatasync_blocks),
1562                 .help   = "Issue fdatasync for writes every given number of blocks",
1563                 .def    = "0",
1564                 .interval = 1,
1565                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1566                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1567         },
1568         {
1569                 .name   = "write_barrier",
1570                 .lname  = "Write barrier",
1571                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1572                 .off1   = td_var_offset(barrier_blocks),
1573                 .help   = "Make every Nth write a barrier write",
1574                 .def    = "0",
1575                 .interval = 1,
1576                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1577                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1578         },
1579 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
1580         {
1581                 .name   = "sync_file_range",
1582                 .lname  = "Sync file range",
1583                 .posval = {
1584                           { .ival = "wait_before",
1585                             .oval = SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE,
1586                             .help = "SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE",
1587                             .or   = 1,
1588                           },
1589                           { .ival = "write",
1590                             .oval = SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE,
1591                             .help = "SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE",
1592                             .or   = 1,
1593                           },
1594                           {
1595                             .ival = "wait_after",
1596                             .oval = SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER,
1597                             .help = "SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER",
1598                             .or   = 1,
1599                           },
1600                 },
1601                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_MULTI,
1602                 .cb     = str_sfr_cb,
1603                 .off1   = td_var_offset(sync_file_range),
1604                 .help   = "Use sync_file_range()",
1605                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1606                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1607         },
1608 #endif
1609         {
1610                 .name   = "direct",
1611                 .lname  = "Direct I/O",
1612                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1613                 .off1   = td_var_offset(odirect),
1614                 .help   = "Use O_DIRECT IO (negates buffered)",
1615                 .def    = "0",
1616                 .inverse = "buffered",
1617                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1618                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_TYPE,
1619         },
1620         {
1621                 .name   = "buffered",
1622                 .lname  = "Buffered I/O",
1623                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1624                 .off1   = td_var_offset(odirect),
1625                 .neg    = 1,
1626                 .help   = "Use buffered IO (negates direct)",
1627                 .def    = "1",
1628                 .inverse = "direct",
1629                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1630                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_TYPE,
1631         },
1632         {
1633                 .name   = "overwrite",
1634                 .lname  = "Overwrite",
1635                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1636                 .off1   = td_var_offset(overwrite),
1637                 .help   = "When writing, set whether to overwrite current data",
1638                 .def    = "0",
1639                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
1640                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1641         },
1642         {
1643                 .name   = "loops",
1644                 .lname  = "Loops",
1645                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1646                 .off1   = td_var_offset(loops),
1647                 .help   = "Number of times to run the job",
1648                 .def    = "1",
1649                 .interval = 1,
1650                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1651                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
1652         },
1653         {
1654                 .name   = "numjobs",
1655                 .lname  = "Number of jobs",
1656                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1657                 .off1   = td_var_offset(numjobs),
1658                 .help   = "Duplicate this job this many times",
1659                 .def    = "1",
1660                 .interval = 1,
1661                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1662                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
1663         },
1664         {
1665                 .name   = "startdelay",
1666                 .lname  = "Start delay",
1667                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL_TIME,
1668                 .off1   = td_var_offset(start_delay),
1669                 .help   = "Only start job when this period has passed",
1670                 .def    = "0",
1671                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1672                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
1673         },
1674         {
1675                 .name   = "runtime",
1676                 .lname  = "Runtime",
1677                 .alias  = "timeout",
1678                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL_TIME,
1679                 .off1   = td_var_offset(timeout),
1680                 .help   = "Stop workload when this amount of time has passed",
1681                 .def    = "0",
1682                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1683                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
1684         },
1685         {
1686                 .name   = "time_based",
1687                 .lname  = "Time based",
1688                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
1689                 .off1   = td_var_offset(time_based),
1690                 .help   = "Keep running until runtime/timeout is met",
1691                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1692                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
1693         },
1694         {
1695                 .name   = "ramp_time",
1696                 .lname  = "Ramp time",
1697                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL_TIME,
1698                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ramp_time),
1699                 .help   = "Ramp up time before measuring performance",
1700                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1701                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RUNTIME,
1702         },
1703         {
1704                 .name   = "clocksource",
1705                 .lname  = "Clock source",
1706                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1707                 .cb     = fio_clock_source_cb,
1708                 .off1   = td_var_offset(clocksource),
1709                 .help   = "What type of timing source to use",
1710                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
1711                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CLOCK,
1712                 .posval = {
1713                           { .ival = "gettimeofday",
1714                             .oval = CS_GTOD,
1715                             .help = "Use gettimeofday(2) for timing",
1716                           },
1717                           { .ival = "clock_gettime",
1718                             .oval = CS_CGETTIME,
1719                             .help = "Use clock_gettime(2) for timing",
1720                           },
1721 #ifdef ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK
1722                           { .ival = "cpu",
1723                             .oval = CS_CPUCLOCK,
1724                             .help = "Use CPU private clock",
1725                           },
1726 #endif
1727                 },
1728         },
1729         {
1730                 .name   = "mem",
1731                 .alias  = "iomem",
1732                 .lname  = "I/O Memory",
1733                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1734                 .cb     = str_mem_cb,
1735                 .off1   = td_var_offset(mem_type),
1736                 .help   = "Backing type for IO buffers",
1737                 .def    = "malloc",
1738                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1739                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1740                 .posval = {
1741                           { .ival = "malloc",
1742                             .oval = MEM_MALLOC,
1743                             .help = "Use malloc(3) for IO buffers",
1744                           },
1745                           { .ival = "shm",
1746                             .oval = MEM_SHM,
1747                             .help = "Use shared memory segments for IO buffers",
1748                           },
1749 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_HUGETLB
1750                           { .ival = "shmhuge",
1751                             .oval = MEM_SHMHUGE,
1752                             .help = "Like shm, but use huge pages",
1753                           },
1754 #endif
1755                           { .ival = "mmap",
1756                             .oval = MEM_MMAP,
1757                             .help = "Use mmap(2) (file or anon) for IO buffers",
1758                           },
1759 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_HUGETLB
1760                           { .ival = "mmaphuge",
1761                             .oval = MEM_MMAPHUGE,
1762                             .help = "Like mmap, but use huge pages",
1763                           },
1764 #endif
1765                   },
1766         },
1767         {
1768                 .name   = "iomem_align",
1769                 .alias  = "mem_align",
1770                 .lname  = "I/O memory alignment",
1771                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1772                 .off1   = td_var_offset(mem_align),
1773                 .minval = 0,
1774                 .help   = "IO memory buffer offset alignment",
1775                 .def    = "0",
1776                 .parent = "iomem",
1777                 .hide   = 1,
1778                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1779                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
1780         },
1781         {
1782                 .name   = "verify",
1783                 .lname  = "Verify",
1784                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1785                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify),
1786                 .help   = "Verify data written",
1787                 .cb     = str_verify_cb,
1788                 .def    = "0",
1789                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1790                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1791                 .posval = {
1792                           { .ival = "0",
1793                             .oval = VERIFY_NONE,
1794                             .help = "Don't do IO verification",
1795                           },
1796                           { .ival = "md5",
1797                             .oval = VERIFY_MD5,
1798                             .help = "Use md5 checksums for verification",
1799                           },
1800                           { .ival = "crc64",
1801                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC64,
1802                             .help = "Use crc64 checksums for verification",
1803                           },
1804                           { .ival = "crc32",
1805                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC32,
1806                             .help = "Use crc32 checksums for verification",
1807                           },
1808                           { .ival = "crc32c-intel",
1809                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC32C,
1810                             .help = "Use crc32c checksums for verification (hw assisted, if available)",
1811                           },
1812                           { .ival = "crc32c",
1813                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC32C,
1814                             .help = "Use crc32c checksums for verification (hw assisted, if available)",
1815                           },
1816                           { .ival = "crc16",
1817                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC16,
1818                             .help = "Use crc16 checksums for verification",
1819                           },
1820                           { .ival = "crc7",
1821                             .oval = VERIFY_CRC7,
1822                             .help = "Use crc7 checksums for verification",
1823                           },
1824                           { .ival = "sha1",
1825                             .oval = VERIFY_SHA1,
1826                             .help = "Use sha1 checksums for verification",
1827                           },
1828                           { .ival = "sha256",
1829                             .oval = VERIFY_SHA256,
1830                             .help = "Use sha256 checksums for verification",
1831                           },
1832                           { .ival = "sha512",
1833                             .oval = VERIFY_SHA512,
1834                             .help = "Use sha512 checksums for verification",
1835                           },
1836                           { .ival = "meta",
1837                             .oval = VERIFY_META,
1838                             .help = "Use io information",
1839                           },
1840                           {
1841                             .ival = "null",
1842                             .oval = VERIFY_NULL,
1843                             .help = "Pretend to verify",
1844                           },
1845                 },
1846         },
1847         {
1848                 .name   = "do_verify",
1849                 .lname  = "Perform verify step",
1850                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1851                 .off1   = td_var_offset(do_verify),
1852                 .help   = "Run verification stage after write",
1853                 .def    = "1",
1854                 .parent = "verify",
1855                 .hide   = 1,
1856                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1857                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1858         },
1859         {
1860                 .name   = "verifysort",
1861                 .lname  = "Verify sort",
1862                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1863                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verifysort),
1864                 .help   = "Sort written verify blocks for read back",
1865                 .def    = "1",
1866                 .parent = "verify",
1867                 .hide   = 1,
1868                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1869                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1870         },
1871         {
1872                 .name   = "verify_interval",
1873                 .lname  = "Verify interval",
1874                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1875                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_interval),
1876                 .minval = 2 * sizeof(struct verify_header),
1877                 .help   = "Store verify buffer header every N bytes",
1878                 .parent = "verify",
1879                 .hide   = 1,
1880                 .interval = 2 * sizeof(struct verify_header),
1881                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1882                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1883         },
1884         {
1885                 .name   = "verify_offset",
1886                 .lname  = "Verify offset",
1887                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1888                 .help   = "Offset verify header location by N bytes",
1889                 .def    = "0",
1890                 .cb     = str_verify_offset_cb,
1891                 .parent = "verify",
1892                 .hide   = 1,
1893                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1894                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1895         },
1896         {
1897                 .name   = "verify_pattern",
1898                 .lname  = "Verify pattern",
1899                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1900                 .cb     = str_verify_pattern_cb,
1901                 .help   = "Fill pattern for IO buffers",
1902                 .parent = "verify",
1903                 .hide   = 1,
1904                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1905                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1906         },
1907         {
1908                 .name   = "verify_fatal",
1909                 .lname  = "Verify fatal",
1910                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1911                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_fatal),
1912                 .def    = "0",
1913                 .help   = "Exit on a single verify failure, don't continue",
1914                 .parent = "verify",
1915                 .hide   = 1,
1916                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1917                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1918         },
1919         {
1920                 .name   = "verify_dump",
1921                 .lname  = "Verify dump",
1922                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1923                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_dump),
1924                 .def    = "0",
1925                 .help   = "Dump contents of good and bad blocks on failure",
1926                 .parent = "verify",
1927                 .hide   = 1,
1928                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1929                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1930         },
1931         {
1932                 .name   = "verify_async",
1933                 .lname  = "Verify asynchronously",
1934                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1935                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_async),
1936                 .def    = "0",
1937                 .help   = "Number of async verifier threads to use",
1938                 .parent = "verify",
1939                 .hide   = 1,
1940                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1941                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1942         },
1943         {
1944                 .name   = "verify_backlog",
1945                 .lname  = "Verify backlog",
1946                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
1947                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_backlog),
1948                 .help   = "Verify after this number of blocks are written",
1949                 .parent = "verify",
1950                 .hide   = 1,
1951                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1952                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1953         },
1954         {
1955                 .name   = "verify_backlog_batch",
1956                 .lname  = "Verify backlog batch",
1957                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1958                 .off1   = td_var_offset(verify_batch),
1959                 .help   = "Verify this number of IO blocks",
1960                 .parent = "verify",
1961                 .hide   = 1,
1962                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1963                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1964         },
1965 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
1966         {
1967                 .name   = "verify_async_cpus",
1968                 .lname  = "Async verify CPUs",
1969                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
1970                 .cb     = str_verify_cpus_allowed_cb,
1971                 .help   = "Set CPUs allowed for async verify threads",
1972                 .parent = "verify_async",
1973                 .hide   = 1,
1974                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1975                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_VERIFY,
1976         },
1977 #endif
1978 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_TRIM
1979         {
1980                 .name   = "trim_percentage",
1981                 .lname  = "Trim percentage",
1982                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
1983                 .cb     = str_verify_trim_cb,
1984                 .minval = 0,
1985                 .maxval = 100,
1986                 .help   = "Number of verify blocks to discard/trim",
1987                 .parent = "verify",
1988                 .def    = "0",
1989                 .interval = 1,
1990                 .hide   = 1,
1991                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
1992                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_TRIM,
1993         },
1994         {
1995                 .name   = "trim_verify_zero",
1996                 .lname  = "Verify trim zero",
1997                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
1998                 .help   = "Verify that trim/discarded blocks are returned as zeroes",
1999                 .off1   = td_var_offset(trim_zero),
2000                 .parent = "trim_percentage",
2001                 .hide   = 1,
2002                 .def    = "1",
2003                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2004                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_TRIM,
2005         },
2006         {
2007                 .name   = "trim_backlog",
2008                 .lname  = "Trim backlog",
2009                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
2010                 .off1   = td_var_offset(trim_backlog),
2011                 .help   = "Trim after this number of blocks are written",
2012                 .parent = "trim_percentage",
2013                 .hide   = 1,
2014                 .interval = 1,
2015                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2016                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_TRIM,
2017         },
2018         {
2019                 .name   = "trim_backlog_batch",
2020                 .lname  = "Trim backlog batch",
2021                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2022                 .off1   = td_var_offset(trim_batch),
2023                 .help   = "Trim this number of IO blocks",
2024                 .parent = "trim_percentage",
2025                 .hide   = 1,
2026                 .interval = 1,
2027                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2028                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_TRIM,
2029         },
2030 #endif
2031         {
2032                 .name   = "write_iolog",
2033                 .lname  = "Write I/O log",
2034                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2035                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_iolog_file),
2036                 .help   = "Store IO pattern to file",
2037                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2038                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IOLOG,
2039         },
2040         {
2041                 .name   = "read_iolog",
2042                 .lname  = "Read I/O log",
2043                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2044                 .off1   = td_var_offset(read_iolog_file),
2045                 .help   = "Playback IO pattern from file",
2046                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2047                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IOLOG,
2048         },
2049         {
2050                 .name   = "replay_no_stall",
2051                 .lname  = "Don't stall on replay",
2052                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2053                 .off1   = td_var_offset(no_stall),
2054                 .def    = "0",
2055                 .parent = "read_iolog",
2056                 .hide   = 1,
2057                 .help   = "Playback IO pattern file as fast as possible without stalls",
2058                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2059                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IOLOG,
2060         },
2061         {
2062                 .name   = "replay_redirect",
2063                 .lname  = "Redirect device for replay",
2064                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2065                 .off1   = td_var_offset(replay_redirect),
2066                 .parent = "read_iolog",
2067                 .hide   = 1,
2068                 .help   = "Replay all I/O onto this device, regardless of trace device",
2069                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2070                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IOLOG,
2071         },
2072         {
2073                 .name   = "exec_prerun",
2074                 .lname  = "Pre-execute runnable",
2075                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2076                 .off1   = td_var_offset(exec_prerun),
2077                 .help   = "Execute this file prior to running job",
2078                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2079                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2080         },
2081         {
2082                 .name   = "exec_postrun",
2083                 .lname  = "Post-execute runnable",
2084                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2085                 .off1   = td_var_offset(exec_postrun),
2086                 .help   = "Execute this file after running job",
2087                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2088                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2089         },
2090 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOSCHED_SWITCH
2091         {
2092                 .name   = "ioscheduler",
2093                 .lname  = "I/O scheduler",
2094                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2095                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ioscheduler),
2096                 .help   = "Use this IO scheduler on the backing device",
2097                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2098                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2099         },
2100 #endif
2101         {
2102                 .name   = "zonesize",
2103                 .lname  = "Zone size",
2104                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
2105                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zone_size),
2106                 .help   = "Amount of data to read per zone",
2107                 .def    = "0",
2108                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
2109                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2110                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_ZONE,
2111         },
2112         {
2113                 .name   = "zonerange",
2114                 .lname  = "Zone range",
2115                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
2116                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zone_range),
2117                 .help   = "Give size of an IO zone",
2118                 .def    = "0",
2119                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
2120                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2121                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_ZONE,
2122         },
2123         {
2124                 .name   = "zoneskip",
2125                 .lname  = "Zone skip",
2126                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
2127                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zone_skip),
2128                 .help   = "Space between IO zones",
2129                 .def    = "0",
2130                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
2131                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2132                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_ZONE,
2133         },
2134         {
2135                 .name   = "lockmem",
2136                 .lname  = "Lock memory",
2137                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_VAL,
2138                 .cb     = str_lockmem_cb,
2139                 .help   = "Lock down this amount of memory",
2140                 .def    = "0",
2141                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
2142                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2143                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2144         },
2145         {
2146                 .name   = "rwmixread",
2147                 .lname  = "Read/write mix read",
2148                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2149                 .cb     = str_rwmix_read_cb,
2150                 .maxval = 100,
2151                 .help   = "Percentage of mixed workload that is reads",
2152                 .def    = "50",
2153                 .interval = 5,
2154                 .inverse = "rwmixwrite",
2155                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2156                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RWMIX,
2157         },
2158         {
2159                 .name   = "rwmixwrite",
2160                 .lname  = "Read/write mix write",
2161                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2162                 .cb     = str_rwmix_write_cb,
2163                 .maxval = 100,
2164                 .help   = "Percentage of mixed workload that is writes",
2165                 .def    = "50",
2166                 .interval = 5,
2167                 .inverse = "rwmixread",
2168                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2169                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RWMIX,
2170         },
2171         {
2172                 .name   = "rwmixcycle",
2173                 .lname  = "Read/write mix cycle",
2174                 .type   = FIO_OPT_DEPRECATED,
2175                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2176                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RWMIX,
2177         },
2178         {
2179                 .name   = "nice",
2180                 .lname  = "Nice",
2181                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2182                 .off1   = td_var_offset(nice),
2183                 .help   = "Set job CPU nice value",
2184                 .minval = -19,
2185                 .maxval = 20,
2186                 .def    = "0",
2187                 .interval = 1,
2188                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2189                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2190         },
2191 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_IOPRIO
2192         {
2193                 .name   = "prio",
2194                 .lname  = "I/O nice priority",
2195                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2196                 .cb     = str_prio_cb,
2197                 .help   = "Set job IO priority value",
2198                 .minval = 0,
2199                 .maxval = 7,
2200                 .interval = 1,
2201                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2202                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2203         },
2204         {
2205                 .name   = "prioclass",
2206                 .lname  = "I/O nice priority class",
2207                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2208                 .cb     = str_prioclass_cb,
2209                 .help   = "Set job IO priority class",
2210                 .minval = 0,
2211                 .maxval = 3,
2212                 .interval = 1,
2213                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2214                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2215         },
2216 #endif
2217         {
2218                 .name   = "thinktime",
2219                 .lname  = "Thinktime",
2220                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2221                 .off1   = td_var_offset(thinktime),
2222                 .help   = "Idle time between IO buffers (usec)",
2223                 .def    = "0",
2224                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2225                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_THINKTIME,
2226         },
2227         {
2228                 .name   = "thinktime_spin",
2229                 .lname  = "Thinktime spin",
2230                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2231                 .off1   = td_var_offset(thinktime_spin),
2232                 .help   = "Start think time by spinning this amount (usec)",
2233                 .def    = "0",
2234                 .parent = "thinktime",
2235                 .hide   = 1,
2236                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2237                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_THINKTIME,
2238         },
2239         {
2240                 .name   = "thinktime_blocks",
2241                 .lname  = "Thinktime blocks",
2242                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2243                 .off1   = td_var_offset(thinktime_blocks),
2244                 .help   = "IO buffer period between 'thinktime'",
2245                 .def    = "1",
2246                 .parent = "thinktime",
2247                 .hide   = 1,
2248                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2249                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_THINKTIME,
2250         },
2251         {
2252                 .name   = "rate",
2253                 .lname  = "I/O rate",
2254                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2255                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rate[0]),
2256                 .off2   = td_var_offset(rate[1]),
2257                 .help   = "Set bandwidth rate",
2258                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2259                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RATE,
2260         },
2261         {
2262                 .name   = "ratemin",
2263                 .lname  = "I/O min rate",
2264                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2265                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ratemin[0]),
2266                 .off2   = td_var_offset(ratemin[1]),
2267                 .help   = "Job must meet this rate or it will be shutdown",
2268                 .parent = "rate",
2269                 .hide   = 1,
2270                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2271                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RATE,
2272         },
2273         {
2274                 .name   = "rate_iops",
2275                 .lname  = "I/O rate IOPS",
2276                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2277                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rate_iops[0]),
2278                 .off2   = td_var_offset(rate_iops[1]),
2279                 .help   = "Limit IO used to this number of IO operations/sec",
2280                 .hide   = 1,
2281                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2282                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RATE,
2283         },
2284         {
2285                 .name   = "rate_iops_min",
2286                 .lname  = "I/O min rate IOPS",
2287                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2288                 .off1   = td_var_offset(rate_iops_min[0]),
2289                 .off2   = td_var_offset(rate_iops_min[1]),
2290                 .help   = "Job must meet this rate or it will be shut down",
2291                 .parent = "rate_iops",
2292                 .hide   = 1,
2293                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2294                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RATE,
2295         },
2296         {
2297                 .name   = "ratecycle",
2298                 .lname  = "I/O rate cycle",
2299                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2300                 .off1   = td_var_offset(ratecycle),
2301                 .help   = "Window average for rate limits (msec)",
2302                 .def    = "1000",
2303                 .parent = "rate",
2304                 .hide   = 1,
2305                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2306                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_RATE,
2307         },
2308         {
2309                 .name   = "invalidate",
2310                 .lname  = "Cache invalidate",
2311                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2312                 .off1   = td_var_offset(invalidate_cache),
2313                 .help   = "Invalidate buffer/page cache prior to running job",
2314                 .def    = "1",
2315                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2316                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_TYPE,
2317         },
2318         {
2319                 .name   = "sync",
2320                 .lname  = "Synchronous I/O",
2321                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2322                 .off1   = td_var_offset(sync_io),
2323                 .help   = "Use O_SYNC for buffered writes",
2324                 .def    = "0",
2325                 .parent = "buffered",
2326                 .hide   = 1,
2327                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2328                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_TYPE,
2329         },
2330         {
2331                 .name   = "create_serialize",
2332                 .lname  = "Create serialize",
2333                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2334                 .off1   = td_var_offset(create_serialize),
2335                 .help   = "Serialize creating of job files",
2336                 .def    = "1",
2337                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2338                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2339         },
2340         {
2341                 .name   = "create_fsync",
2342                 .lname  = "Create fsync",
2343                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2344                 .off1   = td_var_offset(create_fsync),
2345                 .help   = "fsync file after creation",
2346                 .def    = "1",
2347                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2348                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2349         },
2350         {
2351                 .name   = "create_on_open",
2352                 .lname  = "Create on open",
2353                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2354                 .off1   = td_var_offset(create_on_open),
2355                 .help   = "Create files when they are opened for IO",
2356                 .def    = "0",
2357                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2358                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2359         },
2360         {
2361                 .name   = "pre_read",
2362                 .lname  = "Pre-read files",
2363                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2364                 .off1   = td_var_offset(pre_read),
2365                 .help   = "Pre-read files before starting official testing",
2366                 .def    = "0",
2367                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2368                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2369         },
2370 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY
2371         {
2372                 .name   = "cpumask",
2373                 .lname  = "CPU mask",
2374                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2375                 .cb     = str_cpumask_cb,
2376                 .help   = "CPU affinity mask",
2377                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2378                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2379         },
2380         {
2381                 .name   = "cpus_allowed",
2382                 .lname  = "CPUs allowed",
2383                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
2384                 .cb     = str_cpus_allowed_cb,
2385                 .help   = "Set CPUs allowed",
2386                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2387                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2388         },
2389 #endif
2390         {
2391                 .name   = "end_fsync",
2392                 .lname  = "End fsync",
2393                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2394                 .off1   = td_var_offset(end_fsync),
2395                 .help   = "Include fsync at the end of job",
2396                 .def    = "0",
2397                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2398                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2399         },
2400         {
2401                 .name   = "fsync_on_close",
2402                 .lname  = "Fsync on close",
2403                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2404                 .off1   = td_var_offset(fsync_on_close),
2405                 .help   = "fsync files on close",
2406                 .def    = "0",
2407                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2408                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2409         },
2410         {
2411                 .name   = "unlink",
2412                 .lname  = "Unlink file",
2413                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2414                 .off1   = td_var_offset(unlink),
2415                 .help   = "Unlink created files after job has completed",
2416                 .def    = "0",
2417                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_FILE,
2418                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2419         },
2420         {
2421                 .name   = "exitall",
2422                 .lname  = "Exit-all on terminate",
2423                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
2424                 .cb     = str_exitall_cb,
2425                 .help   = "Terminate all jobs when one exits",
2426                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2427                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_PROCESS,
2428         },
2429         {
2430                 .name   = "stonewall",
2431                 .lname  = "Wait for previous",
2432                 .alias  = "wait_for_previous",
2433                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
2434                 .off1   = td_var_offset(stonewall),
2435                 .help   = "Insert a hard barrier between this job and previous",
2436                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2437                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_PROCESS,
2438         },
2439         {
2440                 .name   = "new_group",
2441                 .lname  = "New group",
2442                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
2443                 .off1   = td_var_offset(new_group),
2444                 .help   = "Mark the start of a new group (for reporting)",
2445                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2446                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_PROCESS,
2447         },
2448         {
2449                 .name   = "thread",
2450                 .lname  = "Thread",
2451                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
2452                 .off1   = td_var_offset(use_thread),
2453                 .help   = "Use threads instead of processes",
2454                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2455                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_PROCESS,
2456         },
2457         {
2458                 .name   = "write_bw_log",
2459                 .lname  = "Write bandwidth log",
2460                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
2461                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_bw_log),
2462                 .cb     = str_write_bw_log_cb,
2463                 .help   = "Write log of bandwidth during run",
2464                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
2465                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2466         },
2467         {
2468                 .name   = "write_lat_log",
2469                 .lname  = "Write latency log",
2470                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
2471                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_lat_log),
2472                 .cb     = str_write_lat_log_cb,
2473                 .help   = "Write log of latency during run",
2474                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
2475                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2476         },
2477         {
2478                 .name   = "write_iops_log",
2479                 .lname  = "Write IOPS log",
2480                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
2481                 .off1   = td_var_offset(write_iops_log),
2482                 .cb     = str_write_iops_log_cb,
2483                 .help   = "Write log of IOPS during run",
2484                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
2485                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2486         },
2487         {
2488                 .name   = "log_avg_msec",
2489                 .lname  = "Log averaging (msec)",
2490                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2491                 .off1   = td_var_offset(log_avg_msec),
2492                 .help   = "Average bw/iops/lat logs over this period of time",
2493                 .def    = "0",
2494                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
2495                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2496         },
2497         {
2498                 .name   = "bwavgtime",
2499                 .lname  = "Bandwidth average time",
2500                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2501                 .off1   = td_var_offset(bw_avg_time),
2502                 .help   = "Time window over which to calculate bandwidth"
2503                           " (msec)",
2504                 .def    = "500",
2505                 .parent = "write_bw_log",
2506                 .hide   = 1,
2507                 .interval = 100,
2508                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
2509                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2510         },
2511         {
2512                 .name   = "iopsavgtime",
2513                 .lname  = "IOPS average time",
2514                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2515                 .off1   = td_var_offset(iops_avg_time),
2516                 .help   = "Time window over which to calculate IOPS (msec)",
2517                 .def    = "500",
2518                 .parent = "write_iops_log",
2519                 .hide   = 1,
2520                 .interval = 100,
2521                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_LOG,
2522                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2523         },
2524         {
2525                 .name   = "group_reporting",
2526                 .lname  = "Group reporting",
2527                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2528                 .off1   = td_var_offset(group_reporting),
2529                 .help   = "Do reporting on a per-group basis",
2530                 .def    = "1",
2531                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2532                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2533         },
2534         {
2535                 .name   = "zero_buffers",
2536                 .lname  = "Zero I/O buffers",
2537                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
2538                 .off1   = td_var_offset(zero_buffers),
2539                 .help   = "Init IO buffers to all zeroes",
2540                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2541                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BUF,
2542         },
2543         {
2544                 .name   = "refill_buffers",
2545                 .lname  = "Refill I/O buffers",
2546                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_SET,
2547                 .off1   = td_var_offset(refill_buffers),
2548                 .help   = "Refill IO buffers on every IO submit",
2549                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2550                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BUF,
2551         },
2552         {
2553                 .name   = "scramble_buffers",
2554                 .lname  = "Scramble I/O buffers",
2555                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2556                 .off1   = td_var_offset(scramble_buffers),
2557                 .help   = "Slightly scramble buffers on every IO submit",
2558                 .def    = "1",
2559                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2560                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BUF,
2561         },
2562         {
2563                 .name   = "buffer_compress_percentage",
2564                 .lname  = "Buffer compression percentage",
2565                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2566                 .off1   = td_var_offset(compress_percentage),
2567                 .maxval = 100,
2568                 .minval = 1,
2569                 .help   = "How compressible the buffer is (approximately)",
2570                 .interval = 5,
2571                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2572                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BUF,
2573         },
2574         {
2575                 .name   = "buffer_compress_chunk",
2576                 .lname  = "Buffer compression chunk size",
2577                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2578                 .off1   = td_var_offset(compress_chunk),
2579                 .parent = "buffer_compress_percentage",
2580                 .hide   = 1,
2581                 .help   = "Size of compressible region in buffer",
2582                 .interval = 256,
2583                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2584                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_BUF,
2585         },
2586         {
2587                 .name   = "clat_percentiles",
2588                 .lname  = "Completion latency percentiles",
2589                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2590                 .off1   = td_var_offset(clat_percentiles),
2591                 .help   = "Enable the reporting of completion latency percentiles",
2592                 .def    = "1",
2593                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2594                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2595         },
2596         {
2597                 .name   = "percentile_list",
2598                 .lname  = "Completion latency percentile list",
2599                 .type   = FIO_OPT_FLOAT_LIST,
2600                 .off1   = td_var_offset(percentile_list),
2601                 .off2   = td_var_offset(overwrite_plist),
2602                 .help   = "Specify a custom list of percentiles to report",
2603                 .maxlen = FIO_IO_U_LIST_MAX_LEN,
2604                 .minfp  = 0.0,
2605                 .maxfp  = 100.0,
2606                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2607                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2608         },
2609
2610 #ifdef FIO_HAVE_DISK_UTIL
2611         {
2612                 .name   = "disk_util",
2613                 .lname  = "Disk utilization",
2614                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2615                 .off1   = td_var_offset(do_disk_util),
2616                 .help   = "Log disk utilization statistics",
2617                 .def    = "1",
2618                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2619                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2620         },
2621 #endif
2622         {
2623                 .name   = "gtod_reduce",
2624                 .lname  = "Reduce gettimeofday() calls",
2625                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2626                 .help   = "Greatly reduce number of gettimeofday() calls",
2627                 .cb     = str_gtod_reduce_cb,
2628                 .def    = "0",
2629                 .hide_on_set = 1,
2630                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2631                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2632         },
2633         {
2634                 .name   = "disable_lat",
2635                 .lname  = "Disable all latency stats",
2636                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2637                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_lat),
2638                 .help   = "Disable latency numbers",
2639                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
2640                 .hide   = 1,
2641                 .def    = "0",
2642                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2643                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2644         },
2645         {
2646                 .name   = "disable_clat",
2647                 .lname  = "Disable completion latency stats",
2648                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2649                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_clat),
2650                 .help   = "Disable completion latency numbers",
2651                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
2652                 .hide   = 1,
2653                 .def    = "0",
2654                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2655                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2656         },
2657         {
2658                 .name   = "disable_slat",
2659                 .lname  = "Disable submission latency stats",
2660                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2661                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_slat),
2662                 .help   = "Disable submission latency numbers",
2663                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
2664                 .hide   = 1,
2665                 .def    = "0",
2666                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2667                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2668         },
2669         {
2670                 .name   = "disable_bw_measurement",
2671                 .lname  = "Disable bandwidth stats",
2672                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2673                 .off1   = td_var_offset(disable_bw),
2674                 .help   = "Disable bandwidth logging",
2675                 .parent = "gtod_reduce",
2676                 .hide   = 1,
2677                 .def    = "0",
2678                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_STAT,
2679                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2680         },
2681         {
2682                 .name   = "gtod_cpu",
2683                 .lname  = "Dedicated gettimeofday() CPU",
2684                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2685                 .cb     = str_gtod_cpu_cb,
2686                 .help   = "Set up dedicated gettimeofday() thread on this CPU",
2687                 .verify = gtod_cpu_verify,
2688                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2689                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CLOCK,
2690         },
2691         {
2692                 .name   = "continue_on_error",
2693                 .lname  = "Continue on error",
2694                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR,
2695                 .off1   = td_var_offset(continue_on_error),
2696                 .help   = "Continue on non-fatal errors during IO",
2697                 .def    = "none",
2698                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2699                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2700                 .posval = {
2701                           { .ival = "none",
2702                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_NONE,
2703                             .help = "Exit when an error is encountered",
2704                           },
2705                           { .ival = "read",
2706                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_READ,
2707                             .help = "Continue on read errors only",
2708                           },
2709                           { .ival = "write",
2710                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_WRITE,
2711                             .help = "Continue on write errors only",
2712                           },
2713                           { .ival = "io",
2714                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_READ | ERROR_TYPE_WRITE,
2715                             .help = "Continue on any IO errors",
2716                           },
2717                           { .ival = "verify",
2718                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_VERIFY,
2719                             .help = "Continue on verify errors only",
2720                           },
2721                           { .ival = "all",
2722                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_ANY,
2723                             .help = "Continue on all io and verify errors",
2724                           },
2725                           { .ival = "0",
2726                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_NONE,
2727                             .help = "Alias for 'none'",
2728                           },
2729                           { .ival = "1",
2730                             .oval = ERROR_TYPE_ANY,
2731                             .help = "Alias for 'all'",
2732                           },
2733                 },
2734         },
2735         {
2736                 .name   = "profile",
2737                 .lname  = "Profile",
2738                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2739                 .off1   = td_var_offset(profile),
2740                 .help   = "Select a specific builtin performance test",
2741                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2742                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2743         },
2744         {
2745                 .name   = "cgroup",
2746                 .lname  = "Cgroup",
2747                 .type   = FIO_OPT_STR_STORE,
2748                 .off1   = td_var_offset(cgroup),
2749                 .help   = "Add job to cgroup of this name",
2750                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2751                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CGROUP,
2752         },
2753         {
2754                 .name   = "cgroup_nodelete",
2755                 .lname  = "Cgroup no-delete",
2756                 .type   = FIO_OPT_BOOL,
2757                 .off1   = td_var_offset(cgroup_nodelete),
2758                 .help   = "Do not delete cgroups after job completion",
2759                 .def    = "0",
2760                 .parent = "cgroup",
2761                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2762                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CGROUP,
2763         },
2764         {
2765                 .name   = "cgroup_weight",
2766                 .lname  = "Cgroup weight",
2767                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2768                 .off1   = td_var_offset(cgroup_weight),
2769                 .help   = "Use given weight for cgroup",
2770                 .minval = 100,
2771                 .maxval = 1000,
2772                 .parent = "cgroup",
2773                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2774                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CGROUP,
2775         },
2776         {
2777                 .name   = "uid",
2778                 .lname  = "User ID",
2779                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2780                 .off1   = td_var_offset(uid),
2781                 .help   = "Run job with this user ID",
2782                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2783                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2784         },
2785         {
2786                 .name   = "gid",
2787                 .lname  = "Group ID",
2788                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2789                 .off1   = td_var_offset(gid),
2790                 .help   = "Run job with this group ID",
2791                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2792                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_CRED,
2793         },
2794         {
2795                 .name   = "kb_base",
2796                 .lname  = "KB Base",
2797                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2798                 .off1   = td_var_offset(kb_base),
2799                 .verify = kb_base_verify,
2800                 .prio   = 1,
2801                 .def    = "1024",
2802                 .help   = "How many bytes per KB for reporting (1000 or 1024)",
2803                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2804                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2805         },
2806         {
2807                 .name   = "hugepage-size",
2808                 .lname  = "Hugepage size",
2809                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2810                 .off1   = td_var_offset(hugepage_size),
2811                 .help   = "When using hugepages, specify size of each page",
2812                 .def    = __fio_stringify(FIO_HUGE_PAGE),
2813                 .interval = 1024 * 1024,
2814                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_GENERAL,
2815                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_INVALID,
2816         },
2817         {
2818                 .name   = "flow_id",
2819                 .lname  = "I/O flow ID",
2820                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2821                 .off1   = td_var_offset(flow_id),
2822                 .help   = "The flow index ID to use",
2823                 .def    = "0",
2824                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2825                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_FLOW,
2826         },
2827         {
2828                 .name   = "flow",
2829                 .lname  = "I/O flow weight",
2830                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2831                 .off1   = td_var_offset(flow),
2832                 .help   = "Weight for flow control of this job",
2833                 .parent = "flow_id",
2834                 .hide   = 1,
2835                 .def    = "0",
2836                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2837                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_FLOW,
2838         },
2839         {
2840                 .name   = "flow_watermark",
2841                 .lname  = "I/O flow watermark",
2842                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2843                 .off1   = td_var_offset(flow_watermark),
2844                 .help   = "High watermark for flow control. This option"
2845                         " should be set to the same value for all threads"
2846                         " with non-zero flow.",
2847                 .parent = "flow_id",
2848                 .hide   = 1,
2849                 .def    = "1024",
2850                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2851                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_FLOW,
2852         },
2853         {
2854                 .name   = "flow_sleep",
2855                 .lname  = "I/O flow sleep",
2856                 .type   = FIO_OPT_INT,
2857                 .off1   = td_var_offset(flow_sleep),
2858                 .help   = "How many microseconds to sleep after being held"
2859                         " back by the flow control mechanism",
2860                 .parent = "flow_id",
2861                 .hide   = 1,
2862                 .def    = "0",
2863                 .category = FIO_OPT_C_IO,
2864                 .group  = FIO_OPT_G_IO_FLOW,
2865         },
2866         {
2867                 .name = NULL,
2868         },
2869 };
2870
2871 static void add_to_lopt(struct option *lopt, struct fio_option *o,
2872                         const char *name, int val)
2873 {
2874         lopt->name = (char *) name;
2875         lopt->val = val;
2876         if (o->type == FIO_OPT_STR_SET)
2877                 lopt->has_arg = no_argument;
2878         else
2879                 lopt->has_arg = required_argument;
2880 }
2881
2882 static void options_to_lopts(struct fio_option *opts,
2883                               struct option *long_options,
2884                               int i, int option_type)
2885 {
2886         struct fio_option *o = &opts[0];
2887         while (o->name) {
2888                 add_to_lopt(&long_options[i], o, o->name, option_type);
2889                 if (o->alias) {
2890                         i++;
2891                         add_to_lopt(&long_options[i], o, o->alias, option_type);
2892                 }
2893
2894                 i++;
2895                 o++;
2896                 assert(i < FIO_NR_OPTIONS);
2897         }
2898 }
2899
2900 void fio_options_set_ioengine_opts(struct option *long_options,
2901                                    struct thread_data *td)
2902 {
2903         unsigned int i;
2904
2905         i = 0;
2906         while (long_options[i].name) {
2907                 if (long_options[i].val == FIO_GETOPT_IOENGINE) {
2908                         memset(&long_options[i], 0, sizeof(*long_options));
2909                         break;
2910                 }
2911                 i++;
2912         }
2913
2914         /*
2915          * Just clear out the prior ioengine options.
2916          */
2917         if (!td || !td->eo)
2918                 return;
2919
2920         options_to_lopts(td->io_ops->options, long_options, i,
2921                          FIO_GETOPT_IOENGINE);
2922 }
2923
2924 void fio_options_dup_and_init(struct option *long_options)
2925 {
2926         unsigned int i;
2927
2928         options_init(fio_options);
2929
2930         i = 0;
2931         while (long_options[i].name)
2932                 i++;
2933
2934         options_to_lopts(fio_options, long_options, i, FIO_GETOPT_JOB);
2935 }
2936
2937 struct fio_keyword {
2938         const char *word;
2939         const char *desc;
2940         char *replace;
2941 };
2942
2943 static struct fio_keyword fio_keywords[] = {
2944         {
2945                 .word   = "$pagesize",
2946                 .desc   = "Page size in the system",
2947         },
2948         {
2949                 .word   = "$mb_memory",
2950                 .desc   = "Megabytes of memory online",
2951         },
2952         {
2953                 .word   = "$ncpus",
2954                 .desc   = "Number of CPUs online in the system",
2955         },
2956         {
2957                 .word   = NULL,
2958         },
2959 };
2960
2961 void fio_keywords_init(void)
2962 {
2963         unsigned long long mb_memory;
2964         char buf[128];
2965         long l;
2966
2967         sprintf(buf, "%lu", page_size);
2968         fio_keywords[0].replace = strdup(buf);
2969
2970         mb_memory = os_phys_mem() / (1024 * 1024);
2971         sprintf(buf, "%llu", mb_memory);
2972         fio_keywords[1].replace = strdup(buf);
2973
2974         l = cpus_online();
2975         sprintf(buf, "%lu", l);
2976         fio_keywords[2].replace = strdup(buf);
2977 }
2978
2979 #define BC_APP          "bc"
2980
2981 static char *bc_calc(char *str)
2982 {
2983         char buf[128], *tmp;
2984         FILE *f;
2985         int ret;
2986
2987         /*
2988          * No math, just return string
2989          */
2990         if ((!strchr(str, '+') && !strchr(str, '-') && !strchr(str, '*') &&
2991              !strchr(str, '/')) || strchr(str, '\''))
2992                 return str;
2993
2994         /*
2995          * Split option from value, we only need to calculate the value
2996          */
2997         tmp = strchr(str, '=');
2998         if (!tmp)
2999                 return str;
3000
3001         tmp++;
3002
3003         /*
3004          * Prevent buffer overflows; such a case isn't reasonable anyway
3005          */
3006         if (strlen(str) >= 128 || strlen(tmp) > 100)
3007                 return str;
3008
3009         sprintf(buf, "which %s > /dev/null", BC_APP);
3010         if (system(buf)) {
3011                 log_err("fio: bc is needed for performing math\n");
3012                 return NULL;
3013         }
3014
3015         sprintf(buf, "echo '%s' | %s", tmp, BC_APP);
3016         f = popen(buf, "r");
3017         if (!f) {
3018                 return NULL;
3019         }
3020
3021         ret = fread(&buf[tmp - str], 1, 128 - (tmp - str), f);
3022         if (ret <= 0) {
3023                 return NULL;
3024         }
3025
3026         pclose(f);
3027         buf[(tmp - str) + ret - 1] = '\0';
3028         memcpy(buf, str, tmp - str);
3029         free(str);
3030         return strdup(buf);
3031 }
3032
3033 /*
3034  * Return a copy of the input string with substrings of the form ${VARNAME}
3035  * substituted with the value of the environment variable VARNAME.  The
3036  * substitution always occurs, even if VARNAME is empty or the corresponding
3037  * environment variable undefined.
3038  */
3039 static char *option_dup_subs(const char *opt)
3040 {
3041         char out[OPT_LEN_MAX+1];
3042         char in[OPT_LEN_MAX+1];
3043         char *outptr = out;
3044         char *inptr = in;
3045         char *ch1, *ch2, *env;
3046         ssize_t nchr = OPT_LEN_MAX;
3047         size_t envlen;
3048
3049         if (strlen(opt) + 1 > OPT_LEN_MAX) {
3050                 log_err("OPT_LEN_MAX (%d) is too small\n", OPT_LEN_MAX);
3051                 return NULL;
3052         }
3053
3054         in[OPT_LEN_MAX] = '\0';
3055         strncpy(in, opt, OPT_LEN_MAX);
3056
3057         while (*inptr && nchr > 0) {
3058                 if (inptr[0] == '$' && inptr[1] == '{') {
3059                         ch2 = strchr(inptr, '}');
3060                         if (ch2 && inptr+1 < ch2) {
3061                                 ch1 = inptr+2;
3062                                 inptr = ch2+1;
3063                                 *ch2 = '\0';
3064
3065                                 env = getenv(ch1);
3066                                 if (env) {
3067                                         envlen = strlen(env);
3068                                         if (envlen <= nchr) {
3069                                                 memcpy(outptr, env, envlen);
3070                                                 outptr += envlen;
3071                                                 nchr -= envlen;
3072                                         }
3073                                 }
3074
3075                                 continue;
3076                         }
3077                 }
3078
3079                 *outptr++ = *inptr++;
3080                 --nchr;
3081         }
3082
3083         *outptr = '\0';
3084         return strdup(out);
3085 }
3086
3087 /*
3088  * Look for reserved variable names and replace them with real values
3089  */
3090 static char *fio_keyword_replace(char *opt)
3091 {
3092         char *s;
3093         int i;
3094         int docalc = 0;
3095
3096         for (i = 0; fio_keywords[i].word != NULL; i++) {
3097                 struct fio_keyword *kw = &fio_keywords[i];
3098
3099                 while ((s = strstr(opt, kw->word)) != NULL) {
3100                         char *new = malloc(strlen(opt) + 1);
3101                         char *o_org = opt;
3102                         int olen = s - opt;
3103                         int len;
3104
3105                         /*
3106                          * Copy part of the string before the keyword and
3107                          * sprintf() the replacement after it.
3108                          */
3109                         memcpy(new, opt, olen);
3110                         len = sprintf(new + olen, "%s", kw->replace);
3111
3112                         /*
3113                          * If there's more in the original string, copy that
3114                          * in too
3115                          */
3116                         opt += strlen(kw->word) + olen;
3117                         if (strlen(opt))
3118                                 memcpy(new + olen + len, opt, opt - o_org - 1);
3119
3120                         /*
3121                          * replace opt and free the old opt
3122                          */
3123                         opt = new;
3124                         free(o_org);
3125
3126                         docalc = 1;
3127                 }
3128         }
3129
3130         /*
3131          * Check for potential math and invoke bc, if possible
3132          */
3133         if (docalc)
3134                 opt = bc_calc(opt);
3135
3136         return opt;
3137 }
3138
3139 static char **dup_and_sub_options(char **opts, int num_opts)
3140 {
3141         int i;
3142         char **opts_copy = malloc(num_opts * sizeof(*opts));
3143         for (i = 0; i < num_opts; i++) {
3144                 opts_copy[i] = option_dup_subs(opts[i]);
3145                 if (!opts_copy[i])
3146                         continue;
3147                 opts_copy[i] = fio_keyword_replace(opts_copy[i]);
3148         }
3149         return opts_copy;
3150 }
3151
3152 int fio_options_parse(struct thread_data *td, char **opts, int num_opts)
3153 {
3154         int i, ret, unknown;
3155         char **opts_copy;
3156
3157         sort_options(opts, fio_options, num_opts);
3158         opts_copy = dup_and_sub_options(opts, num_opts);
3159
3160         for (ret = 0, i = 0, unknown = 0; i < num_opts; i++) {
3161                 struct fio_option *o;
3162                 int newret = parse_option(opts_copy[i], opts[i], fio_options,
3163                                                 &o, td);
3164
3165                 if (opts_copy[i]) {
3166                         if (newret && !o) {
3167                                 unknown++;
3168                                 continue;
3169                         }
3170                         free(opts_copy[i]);
3171                         opts_copy[i] = NULL;
3172                 }
3173
3174                 ret |= newret;
3175         }
3176
3177         if (unknown) {
3178                 ret |= ioengine_load(td);
3179                 if (td->eo) {
3180                         sort_options(opts_copy, td->io_ops->options, num_opts);
3181                         opts = opts_copy;
3182                 }
3183                 for (i = 0; i < num_opts; i++) {
3184                         struct fio_option *o = NULL;
3185                         int newret = 1;
3186                         if (!opts_copy[i])
3187                                 continue;
3188
3189                         if (td->eo)
3190                                 newret = parse_option(opts_copy[i], opts[i],
3191                                                       td->io_ops->options, &o,
3192                                                       td->eo);
3193
3194                         ret |= newret;
3195                         if (!o)
3196                                 log_err("Bad option <%s>\n", opts[i]);
3197
3198                         free(opts_copy[i]);
3199                         opts_copy[i] = NULL;
3200                 }
3201         }
3202
3203         free(opts_copy);
3204         return ret;
3205 }
3206
3207 int fio_cmd_option_parse(struct thread_data *td, const char *opt, char *val)
3208 {
3209         return parse_cmd_option(opt, val, fio_options, td);
3210 }
3211
3212 int fio_cmd_ioengine_option_parse(struct thread_data *td, const char *opt,
3213                                 char *val)
3214 {
3215         return parse_cmd_option(opt, val, td->io_ops->options, td);
3216 }
3217
3218 void fio_fill_default_options(struct thread_data *td)
3219 {
3220         fill_default_options(td, fio_options);
3221 }
3222
3223 int fio_show_option_help(const char *opt)
3224 {
3225         return show_cmd_help(fio_options, opt);
3226 }
3227
3228 void options_mem_dupe(void *data, struct fio_option *options)
3229 {
3230         struct fio_option *o;
3231         char **ptr;
3232
3233         for (o = &options[0]; o->name; o++) {
3234                 if (o->type != FIO_OPT_STR_STORE)
3235                         continue;
3236
3237                 ptr = td_var(data, o->off1);
3238                 if (*ptr)
3239                         *ptr = strdup(*ptr);
3240         }
3241 }
3242
3243 /*
3244  * dupe FIO_OPT_STR_STORE options
3245  */
3246 void fio_options_mem_dupe(struct thread_data *td)
3247 {
3248         options_mem_dupe(&td->o, fio_options);
3249
3250         if (td->eo && td->io_ops) {
3251                 void *oldeo = td->eo;
3252
3253                 td->eo = malloc(td->io_ops->option_struct_size);
3254                 memcpy(td->eo, oldeo, td->io_ops->option_struct_size);
3255                 options_mem_dupe(td->eo, td->io_ops->options);
3256         }
3257 }
3258
3259 unsigned int fio_get_kb_base(void *data)
3260 {
3261         struct thread_data *td = data;
3262         unsigned int kb_base = 0;
3263
3264         if (td)
3265                 kb_base = td->o.kb_base;
3266         if (!kb_base)
3267                 kb_base = 1024;
3268
3269         return kb_base;
3270 }
3271
3272 int add_option(struct fio_option *o)
3273 {
3274         struct fio_option *__o;
3275         int opt_index = 0;
3276
3277         __o = fio_options;
3278         while (__o->name) {
3279                 opt_index++;
3280                 __o++;
3281         }
3282
3283         memcpy(&fio_options[opt_index], o, sizeof(*o));
3284         return 0;
3285 }
3286
3287 void invalidate_profile_options(const char *prof_name)
3288 {
3289         struct fio_option *o;
3290
3291         o = fio_options;
3292         while (o->name) {
3293                 if (o->prof_name && !strcmp(o->prof_name, prof_name)) {
3294                         o->type = FIO_OPT_INVALID;
3295                         o->prof_name = NULL;
3296                 }
3297                 o++;
3298         }
3299 }
3300
3301 void add_opt_posval(const char *optname, const char *ival, const char *help)
3302 {
3303         struct fio_option *o;
3304         unsigned int i;
3305
3306         o = find_option(fio_options, optname);
3307         if (!o)
3308                 return;
3309
3310         for (i = 0; i < PARSE_MAX_VP; i++) {
3311                 if (o->posval[i].ival)
3312                         continue;
3313
3314                 o->posval[i].ival = ival;
3315                 o->posval[i].help = help;
3316                 break;
3317         }
3318 }
3319
3320 void del_opt_posval(const char *optname, const char *ival)
3321 {
3322         struct fio_option *o;
3323         unsigned int i;
3324
3325         o = find_option(fio_options, optname);
3326         if (!o)
3327                 return;
3328
3329         for (i = 0; i < PARSE_MAX_VP; i++) {
3330                 if (!o->posval[i].ival)
3331                         continue;
3332                 if (strcmp(o->posval[i].ival, ival))
3333                         continue;
3334
3335                 o->posval[i].ival = NULL;
3336                 o->posval[i].help = NULL;
3337         }
3338 }
3339
3340 void fio_options_free(struct thread_data *td)
3341 {
3342         options_free(fio_options, td);
3343         if (td->eo && td->io_ops && td->io_ops->options) {
3344                 options_free(td->io_ops->options, td->eo);
3345                 free(td->eo);
3346                 td->eo = NULL;
3347         }
3348 }
3349
3350 struct fio_option *fio_option_find(const char *name)
3351 {
3352         return find_option(fio_options, name);
3353 }
3354