fio.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <time.h>
  30 #include <locale.h>
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34 #include <sys/wait.h>
  35 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  36 #include <sys/shm.h>
  37 #include <sys/mman.h>
  38
  39 #include "fio.h"
  40 #include "hash.h"
  41 #include "smalloc.h"
  42 #include "verify.h"
  43 #include "trim.h"
  44 #include "diskutil.h"
  45 #include "cgroup.h"
  46 #include "profile.h"
  47 #include "lib/rand.h"
  48 #include "memalign.h"
  49
  50 unsigned long page_mask;
  51 unsigned long page_size;
  52
  53 #define PAGE_ALIGN(buf) \
  54         (char *) (((unsigned long) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  55
  56 int groupid = 0;
  57 int thread_number = 0;
  58 int nr_process = 0;
  59 int nr_thread = 0;
  60 int shm_id = 0;
  61 int temp_stall_ts;
  62 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  63
  64 static struct fio_mutex *startup_mutex;
  65 static struct fio_mutex *writeout_mutex;
  66 static volatile int fio_abort;
  67 static int exit_value;
  68 static pthread_t gtod_thread;
  69 static pthread_t disk_util_thread;
  70 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  71 static char *cgroup_mnt;
  72
  73 unsigned long arch_flags = 0;
  74
  75 struct io_log *agg_io_log[2];
  76
  77 #define TERMINATE_ALL           (-1)
  78 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  79
  80 void td_set_runstate(struct thread_data *td, int runstate)
  81 {
  82         if (td->runstate == runstate)
  83                 return;
  84
  85         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "pid=%d: runstate %d -> %d\n", (int) td->pid,
  86                                                 td->runstate, runstate);
  87         td->runstate = runstate;
  88 }
  89
  90 static void terminate_threads(int group_id)
  91 {
  92         struct thread_data *td;
  93         int i;
  94
  95         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "terminate group_id=%d\n", group_id);
  96
  97         for_each_td(td, i) {
  98                 if (group_id == TERMINATE_ALL || groupid == td->groupid) {
  99                         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "setting terminate on %s/%d\n",
 100                                                 td->o.name, (int) td->pid);
 101                         td->terminate = 1;
 102                         td->o.start_delay = 0;
 103
 104                         /*
 105                          * if the thread is running, just let it exit
 106                          */
 107                         if (!td->pid)
 108                                 continue;
 109                         else if (td->runstate < TD_RAMP)
 110                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
 111                         else {
 112                                 struct ioengine_ops *ops = td->io_ops;
 113
 114                                 if (ops && (ops->flags & FIO_SIGTERM))
 115                                         kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
 116                         }
 117                 }
 118         }
 119 }
 120
 121 static void sig_int(int sig)
 122 {
 123         if (threads) {
 124                 log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
 125                 fflush(stdout);
 126                 exit_value = 128;
 127                 terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
 128         }
 129 }
 130
 131 static void *disk_thread_main(void *data)
 132 {
 133         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
 134
 135         while (threads) {
 136                 usleep(DISK_UTIL_MSEC * 1000);
 137                 if (!threads)
 138                         break;
 139                 update_io_ticks();
 140                 print_thread_status();
 141         }
 142
 143         return NULL;
 144 }
 145
 146 static int create_disk_util_thread(void)
 147 {
 148         int ret;
 149
 150         ret = pthread_create(&disk_util_thread, NULL, disk_thread_main, NULL);
 151         if (ret) {
 152                 log_err("Can't create disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
 153                 return 1;
 154         }
 155
 156         ret = pthread_detach(disk_util_thread);
 157         if (ret) {
 158                 log_err("Can't detatch disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
 159                 return 1;
 160         }
 161
 162         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
 163         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
 164         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
 165         return 0;
 166 }
 167
 168 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 169 {
 170         struct sigaction act;
 171
 172         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 173         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 174         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 175         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 176
 177         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 178         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 179         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 180         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 181 }
 182
 183 /*
 184  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 185  */
 186 static int __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 187                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 188 {
 189         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 190         unsigned long iops = 0;
 191         unsigned long spent;
 192         unsigned long rate;
 193         unsigned int ratemin = 0;
 194         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 195         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 196
 197         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 198
 199         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 200                 return 0;
 201
 202         /*
 203          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 204          */
 205         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 206                 return 0;
 207
 208         iops += td->io_blocks[ddir];
 209         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 210         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 211         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 212         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 213
 214         /*
 215          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 216          */
 217         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 218                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 219                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 220                         return 0;
 221
 222                 if (td->o.rate[ddir]) {
 223                         /*
 224                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 225                          */
 226                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 227                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name,
 228                                                                 ratemin);
 229                                 return 1;
 230                         } else {
 231                                 rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 232                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 233                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 234                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got"
 235                                                 " %luKB/sec\n", td->o.name,
 236                                                         ratemin, rate);
 237                                         return 1;
 238                                 }
 239                         }
 240                 } else {
 241                         /*
 242                          * checks iops specified rate
 243                          */
 244                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 245                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n",
 246                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops);
 247                                 return 1;
 248                         } else {
 249                                 rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 250                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 251                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 252                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met,"
 253                                                 " got %lu\n", td->o.name,
 254                                                         rate_iops_min, rate);
 255                                 }
 256                         }
 257                 }
 258         }
 259
 260         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 261         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 262         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 263         return 0;
 264 }
 265
 266 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 267                           unsigned long *bytes_done)
 268 {
 269         int ret = 0;
 270
 271         if (bytes_done[0])
 272                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, 0);
 273         if (bytes_done[1])
 274                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, 1);
 275
 276         return ret;
 277 }
 278
 279 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 280 {
 281         if (!td->o.timeout)
 282                 return 0;
 283         if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout * 1000)
 284                 return 1;
 285
 286         return 0;
 287 }
 288
 289 /*
 290  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 291  * io. Attempt to do so.
 292  */
 293 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 294 {
 295         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 296         struct io_u *io_u;
 297         int r;
 298
 299         /*
 300          * get immediately available events, if any
 301          */
 302         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0, NULL);
 303         if (r < 0)
 304                 return;
 305
 306         /*
 307          * now cancel remaining active events
 308          */
 309         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 310                 flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
 311                         io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 312
 313                         /*
 314                          * if the io_u isn't in flight, then that generally
 315                          * means someone leaked an io_u. complain but fix
 316                          * it up, so we don't stall here.
 317                          */
 318                         if ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) == 0) {
 319                                 log_err("fio: non-busy IO on busy list\n");
 320                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 321                         } else {
 322                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 323                                 if (!r)
 324                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 325                         }
 326                 }
 327         }
 328
 329         if (td->cur_depth)
 330                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 331 }
 332
 333 /*
 334  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 335  * io path, just does everything sync.
 336  */
 337 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 338 {
 339         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 340         int ret;
 341
 342         if (!io_u)
 343                 return 1;
 344
 345         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 346         io_u->file = f;
 347
 348         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 349                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 350                 return 1;
 351         }
 352
 353 requeue:
 354         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 355         if (ret < 0) {
 356                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 357                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 358                 return 1;
 359         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 360                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1, NULL) < 0)
 361                         return 1;
 362         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 363                 if (io_u->error) {
 364                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 365                         return 1;
 366                 }
 367
 368                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL) < 0)
 369                         return 1;
 370         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 371                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 372                         return 1;
 373                 goto requeue;
 374         }
 375
 376         return 0;
 377 }
 378
 379 static inline void __update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 380 {
 381         fio_gettime(&td->tv_cache, NULL);
 382 }
 383
 384 static inline void update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 385 {
 386         if ((++td->tv_cache_nr & td->tv_cache_mask) == td->tv_cache_mask)
 387                 __update_tv_cache(td);
 388 }
 389
 390 static int break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, int *retptr)
 391 {
 392         int ret = *retptr;
 393
 394         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 395                 int err;
 396
 397                 if (!td->o.continue_on_error)
 398                         return 1;
 399
 400                 if (ret < 0)
 401                         err = -ret;
 402                 else
 403                         err = td->error;
 404
 405                 if (td_non_fatal_error(err)) {
 406                         /*
 407                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 408                          * a non fatal error.
 409                          */
 410                         update_error_count(td, err);
 411                         td_clear_error(td);
 412                         *retptr = 0;
 413                         return 0;
 414                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
 415                         /*
 416                          * We expect to hit this error if
 417                          * fill_device option is set.
 418                          */
 419                         td_clear_error(td);
 420                         td->terminate = 1;
 421                         return 1;
 422                 } else {
 423                         /*
 424                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 425                          * error.
 426                          */
 427                         update_error_count(td, err);
 428                         return 1;
 429                 }
 430         }
 431
 432         return 0;
 433 }
 434
 435 /*
 436  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 437  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 438  */
 439 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td)
 440 {
 441         struct fio_file *f;
 442         struct io_u *io_u;
 443         int ret, min_events;
 444         unsigned int i;
 445
 446         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 447
 448         /*
 449          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 450          * read from disk.
 451          */
 452         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 453                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 454                         continue;
 455                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 456                         break;
 457                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 458                         break;
 459         }
 460
 461         if (td->error)
 462                 return;
 463
 464         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 465
 466         io_u = NULL;
 467         while (!td->terminate) {
 468                 int ret2, full;
 469
 470                 update_tv_cache(td);
 471
 472                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 473                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 474                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 475                                 td->terminate = 1;
 476                                 break;
 477                         }
 478                 }
 479
 480                 io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 481                 if (!io_u)
 482                         break;
 483
 484                 if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 485                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 486                         break;
 487                 }
 488
 489                 if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 490                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 491                         break;
 492                 }
 493
 494                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 495                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 496                 else
 497                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 498
 499                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 500                 switch (ret) {
 501                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 502                         if (io_u->error) {
 503                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 504                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 505                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 506                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 507
 508                                 /*
 509                                  * zero read, fail
 510                                  */
 511                                 if (!bytes) {
 512                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 513                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 514                                         break;
 515                                 }
 516
 517                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 518                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 519                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 520
 521                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 522                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 523
 524                                 f = io_u->file;
 525                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 526                                         goto sync_done;
 527
 528                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 529                         } else {
 530 sync_done:
 531                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL);
 532                                 if (ret < 0)
 533                                         break;
 534                         }
 535                         continue;
 536                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 537                         break;
 538                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 539                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 540                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 541                         if (ret2 < 0)
 542                                 ret = ret2;
 543                         break;
 544                 default:
 545                         assert(ret < 0);
 546                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 547                         break;
 548                 }
 549
 550                 if (break_on_this_error(td, &ret))
 551                         break;
 552
 553                 /*
 554                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 555                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 556                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 557                  */
 558                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 559                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 560                         min_events = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 561                                          td->cur_depth);
 562                         if (full && !min_events && td->o.iodepth_batch_complete != 0)
 563                                 min_events = 1;
 564
 565                         do {
 566                                 /*
 567                                  * Reap required number of io units, if any,
 568                                  * and do the verification on them through
 569                                  * the callback handler
 570                                  */
 571                                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL) < 0) {
 572                                         ret = -1;
 573                                         break;
 574                                 }
 575                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 576                 }
 577                 if (ret < 0)
 578                         break;
 579         }
 580
 581         if (!td->error) {
 582                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 583
 584                 if (min_events)
 585                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL);
 586         } else
 587                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 588
 589         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 590
 591         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 592 }
 593
 594 /*
 595  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 596  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 597  */
 598 static void do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 599 {
 600         unsigned int i;
 601         int ret = 0;
 602
 603         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 604                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 605         else
 606                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 607
 608         while ( (td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 609                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) ||
 610                 ((td->this_io_bytes[0] + td->this_io_bytes[1]) < td->o.size) ) {
 611                 struct timeval comp_time;
 612                 unsigned long bytes_done[2] = { 0, 0 };
 613                 int min_evts = 0;
 614                 struct io_u *io_u;
 615                 int ret2, full;
 616
 617                 if (td->terminate)
 618                         break;
 619
 620                 update_tv_cache(td);
 621
 622                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 623                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 624                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 625                                 td->terminate = 1;
 626                                 break;
 627                         }
 628                 }
 629
 630                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 631                 if (!io_u)
 632                         break;
 633
 634                 /*
 635                  * Add verification end_io handler, if asked to verify
 636                  * a previously written file.
 637                  */
 638                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
 639                     !td_rw(td)) {
 640                         if (td->o.verify_async)
 641                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 642                         else
 643                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 644                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 645                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
 646                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 647                 else
 648                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 649
 650                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 651                 switch (ret) {
 652                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 653                         if (io_u->error) {
 654                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 655                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 656                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 657                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 658                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 659
 660                                 /*
 661                                  * zero read, fail
 662                                  */
 663                                 if (!bytes) {
 664                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 665                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 666                                         break;
 667                                 }
 668
 669                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 670                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 671                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 672
 673                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 674                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 675
 676                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 677                                         goto sync_done;
 678
 679                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 680                         } else {
 681 sync_done:
 682                                 if (__should_check_rate(td, 0) ||
 683                                     __should_check_rate(td, 1))
 684                                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 685
 686                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 687                                 if (ret < 0)
 688                                         break;
 689                         }
 690                         break;
 691                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 692                         /*
 693                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 694                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 695                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 696                          */
 697                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 698                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 699                         break;
 700                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 701                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 702                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 703                         if (ret2 < 0)
 704                                 ret = ret2;
 705                         break;
 706                 default:
 707                         assert(ret < 0);
 708                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 709                         break;
 710                 }
 711
 712                 if (break_on_this_error(td, &ret))
 713                         break;
 714
 715                 /*
 716                  * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that we
 717                  * can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the system is
 718                  * resource starved.
 719                  */
 720                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 721                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 722                         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 723                                         td->cur_depth);
 724                         if (full && !min_evts && td->o.iodepth_batch_complete != 0)
 725                                 min_evts = 1;
 726
 727                         if (__should_check_rate(td, 0) ||
 728                             __should_check_rate(td, 1))
 729                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 730
 731                         do {
 732                                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts, bytes_done);
 733                                 if (ret < 0)
 734                                         break;
 735
 736                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 737                 }
 738
 739                 if (ret < 0)
 740                         break;
 741                 if (!(bytes_done[0] + bytes_done[1]))
 742                         continue;
 743
 744                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td, bytes_done)) {
 745                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time, bytes_done)) {
 746                                 if (exitall_on_terminate)
 747                                         terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 748                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
 749                                 break;
 750                         }
 751                 }
 752
 753                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 754                         unsigned long long b;
 755
 756                         b = td->io_blocks[0] + td->io_blocks[1];
 757                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 758                                 int left;
 759
 760                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 761                                         usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 762
 763                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 764                                 if (left)
 765                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 766                         }
 767                 }
 768         }
 769
 770         if (td->trim_entries)
 771                 printf("trim entries %ld\n", td->trim_entries);
 772
 773         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
 774                 td->error = 0;
 775                 td->terminate = 1;
 776         }
 777         if (!td->error) {
 778                 struct fio_file *f;
 779
 780                 i = td->cur_depth;
 781                 if (i) {
 782                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i, NULL);
 783                         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
 784                                 td->error = 0;
 785                 }
 786
 787                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 788                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 789
 790                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 791                                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 792                                         continue;
 793                                 fio_io_sync(td, f);
 794                         }
 795                 }
 796         } else
 797                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 798
 799         /*
 800          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
 801          */
 802         if ((td->this_io_bytes[0] + td->this_io_bytes[1]) == 0)
 803                 td->done = 1;
 804 }
 805
 806 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 807 {
 808         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 809         struct io_u *io_u;
 810
 811         flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
 812                 io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 813
 814                 flist_del(&io_u->list);
 815                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u));
 816         }
 817
 818         free_io_mem(td);
 819 }
 820
 821 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 822 {
 823         struct io_u *io_u;
 824         unsigned int max_bs;
 825         int cl_align, i, max_units;
 826         char *p;
 827
 828         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 829         max_bs = max(td->o.max_bs[DDIR_READ], td->o.max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]);
 830         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
 831                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 832
 833         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
 834                 unsigned long bs;
 835
 836                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
 837                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
 838         }
 839
 840         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
 841                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
 842                 return 1;
 843         }
 844
 845         if (allocate_io_mem(td))
 846                 return 1;
 847
 848         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
 849             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 850                 p = PAGE_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer) + td->o.mem_align;
 851         else
 852                 p = td->orig_buffer;
 853
 854         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
 855
 856         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 857                 void *ptr;
 858
 859                 if (td->terminate)
 860                         return 1;
 861
 862                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u));
 863                 if (!ptr) {
 864                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
 865                         break;
 866                 }
 867
 868                 io_u = ptr;
 869                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 870                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);
 871                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
 872
 873                 if (!(td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO)) {
 874                         io_u->buf = p + max_bs * i;
 875                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
 876
 877                         if (td_write(td) && !td->o.refill_buffers)
 878                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, max_bs);
 879                         else if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
 880                                 /*
 881                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
 882                                  * going to be doing writes.
 883                                  */
 884                                 fill_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
 885                         }
 886                 }
 887
 888                 io_u->index = i;
 889                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
 890                 flist_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
 891         }
 892
 893         return 0;
 894 }
 895
 896 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 897 {
 898         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
 899         FILE *f;
 900         int ret;
 901
 902         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
 903                 return 0;
 904
 905         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
 906
 907         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
 908         if (!f) {
 909                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 910                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
 911                                 " switching\n");
 912                         return 0;
 913                 }
 914                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
 915                 return 1;
 916         }
 917
 918         /*
 919          * Set io scheduler.
 920          */
 921         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
 922         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
 923                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
 924                 fclose(f);
 925                 return 1;
 926         }
 927
 928         rewind(f);
 929
 930         /*
 931          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
 932          */
 933         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
 934         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
 935                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
 936                 fclose(f);
 937                 return 1;
 938         }
 939
 940         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
 941         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
 942                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
 943                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
 944                 fclose(f);
 945                 return 1;
 946         }
 947
 948         fclose(f);
 949         return 0;
 950 }
 951
 952 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
 953 {
 954         unsigned long long io_done;
 955
 956         if (td->done)
 957                 return 0;
 958         if (td->o.time_based)
 959                 return 1;
 960         if (td->o.loops) {
 961                 td->o.loops--;
 962                 return 1;
 963         }
 964
 965         io_done = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]
 966                         + td->io_skip_bytes;
 967         if (io_done < td->o.size)
 968                 return 1;
 969
 970         return 0;
 971 }
 972
 973 static void reset_io_counters(struct thread_data *td)
 974 {
 975         td->ts.stat_io_bytes[0] = td->ts.stat_io_bytes[1] = 0;
 976         td->this_io_bytes[0] = td->this_io_bytes[1] = 0;
 977         td->zone_bytes = 0;
 978         td->rate_bytes[0] = td->rate_bytes[1] = 0;
 979         td->rate_blocks[0] = td->rate_blocks[1] = 0;
 980
 981         td->last_was_sync = 0;
 982
 983         /*
 984          * reset file done count if we are to start over
 985          */
 986         if (td->o.time_based || td->o.loops)
 987                 td->nr_done_files = 0;
 988 }
 989
 990 void reset_all_stats(struct thread_data *td)
 991 {
 992         struct timeval tv;
 993         int i;
 994
 995         reset_io_counters(td);
 996
 997         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 998                 td->io_bytes[i] = 0;
 999                 td->io_blocks[i] = 0;
1000                 td->io_issues[i] = 0;
1001                 td->ts.total_io_u[i] = 0;
1002         }
1003
1004         fio_gettime(&tv, NULL);
1005         td->ts.runtime[0] = 0;
1006         td->ts.runtime[1] = 0;
1007         memcpy(&td->epoch, &tv, sizeof(tv));
1008         memcpy(&td->start, &tv, sizeof(tv));
1009 }
1010
1011 static void clear_io_state(struct thread_data *td)
1012 {
1013         struct fio_file *f;
1014         unsigned int i;
1015
1016         reset_io_counters(td);
1017
1018         close_files(td);
1019         for_each_file(td, f, i)
1020                 fio_file_clear_done(f);
1021
1022         /*
1023          * Set the same seed to get repeatable runs
1024          */
1025         td_fill_rand_seeds(td);
1026 }
1027
1028 static int exec_string(const char *string)
1029 {
1030         int ret, newlen = strlen(string) + 1 + 8;
1031         char *str;
1032
1033         str = malloc(newlen);
1034         sprintf(str, "sh -c %s", string);
1035
1036         ret = system(str);
1037         if (ret == -1)
1038                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
1039
1040         free(str);
1041         return ret;
1042 }
1043
1044 /*
1045  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
1046  * here as well, after a little setup.
1047  */
1048 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1049 {
1050         unsigned long long elapsed;
1051         struct thread_data *td = data;
1052         pthread_condattr_t attr;
1053         int clear_state;
1054
1055         if (!td->o.use_thread) {
1056                 setsid();
1057                 td->pid = getpid();
1058         } else
1059                 td->pid = gettid();
1060
1061         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1062
1063         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
1064         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
1065         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_requeues);
1066         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1067         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1068         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1069         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1070         pthread_mutex_init(&td->io_u_lock, NULL);
1071         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1072
1073         pthread_condattr_init(&attr);
1074         pthread_cond_init(&td->verify_cond, &attr);
1075         pthread_cond_init(&td->free_cond, &attr);
1076
1077         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1078         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_mutex\n");
1079         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1080         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->mutex\n");
1081         fio_mutex_down(td->mutex);
1082         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->mutex\n");
1083
1084         /*
1085          * the ->mutex mutex is now no longer used, close it to avoid
1086          * eating a file descriptor
1087          */
1088         fio_mutex_remove(td->mutex);
1089
1090         /*
1091          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1092          * the uid.
1093          */
1094         if (td->o.gid != -1U && setgid(td->o.gid)) {
1095                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1096                 goto err;
1097         }
1098         if (td->o.uid != -1U && setuid(td->o.uid)) {
1099                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1100                 goto err;
1101         }
1102
1103         /*
1104          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1105          * thread from this job
1106          */
1107         if (td->o.gtod_cpu)
1108                 fio_cpu_clear(&td->o.cpumask, td->o.gtod_cpu);
1109
1110         /*
1111          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1112          * allocations.
1113          */
1114         if (td->o.cpumask_set && fio_setaffinity(td->pid, td->o.cpumask) == -1) {
1115                 td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1116                 goto err;
1117         }
1118
1119         /*
1120          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1121          * do this first.
1122          */
1123         if (init_iolog(td))
1124                 goto err;
1125
1126         if (init_io_u(td))
1127                 goto err;
1128
1129         if (td->o.verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1130                 goto err;
1131
1132         if (td->ioprio_set) {
1133                 if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
1134                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1135                         goto err;
1136                 }
1137         }
1138
1139         if (td->o.cgroup_weight && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1140                 goto err;
1141
1142         if (nice(td->o.nice) == -1) {
1143                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1144                 goto err;
1145         }
1146
1147         if (td->o.ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1148                 goto err;
1149
1150         if (!td->o.create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1151                 goto err;
1152
1153         if (td_io_init(td))
1154                 goto err;
1155
1156         if (init_random_map(td))
1157                 goto err;
1158
1159         if (td->o.exec_prerun) {
1160                 if (exec_string(td->o.exec_prerun))
1161                         goto err;
1162         }
1163
1164         if (td->o.pre_read) {
1165                 if (pre_read_files(td) < 0)
1166                         goto err;
1167         }
1168
1169         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
1170         getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ts.ru_start);
1171
1172         clear_state = 0;
1173         while (keep_running(td)) {
1174                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1175                 memcpy(&td->ts.stat_sample_time[0], &td->start,
1176                                 sizeof(td->start));
1177                 memcpy(&td->ts.stat_sample_time[1], &td->start,
1178                                 sizeof(td->start));
1179                 memcpy(&td->tv_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1180
1181                 if (td->o.ratemin[0] || td->o.ratemin[1])
1182                         memcpy(&td->lastrate, &td->ts.stat_sample_time,
1183                                                         sizeof(td->lastrate));
1184
1185                 if (clear_state)
1186                         clear_io_state(td);
1187
1188                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1189
1190                 do_io(td);
1191
1192                 clear_state = 1;
1193
1194                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
1195                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1196                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
1197                 }
1198                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
1199                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1200                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
1201                 }
1202
1203                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1204                         break;
1205
1206                 if (!td->o.do_verify ||
1207                     td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1208                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
1209                         continue;
1210
1211                 clear_io_state(td);
1212
1213                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1214
1215                 do_verify(td);
1216
1217                 td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
1218
1219                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1220                         break;
1221         }
1222
1223         update_rusage_stat(td);
1224         td->ts.runtime[0] = (td->ts.runtime[0] + 999) / 1000;
1225         td->ts.runtime[1] = (td->ts.runtime[1] + 999) / 1000;
1226         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1227         td->ts.io_bytes[0] = td->io_bytes[0];
1228         td->ts.io_bytes[1] = td->io_bytes[1];
1229
1230         fio_mutex_down(writeout_mutex);
1231         if (td->ts.bw_log) {
1232                 if (td->o.bw_log_file) {
1233                         finish_log_named(td, td->ts.bw_log,
1234                                                 td->o.bw_log_file, "bw");
1235                 } else
1236                         finish_log(td, td->ts.bw_log, "bw");
1237         }
1238         if (td->ts.lat_log) {
1239                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1240                         finish_log_named(td, td->ts.lat_log,
1241                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "lat");
1242                 } else
1243                         finish_log(td, td->ts.lat_log, "lat");
1244         }
1245         if (td->ts.slat_log) {
1246                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1247                         finish_log_named(td, td->ts.slat_log,
1248                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "slat");
1249                 } else
1250                         finish_log(td, td->ts.slat_log, "slat");
1251         }
1252         if (td->ts.clat_log) {
1253                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1254                         finish_log_named(td, td->ts.clat_log,
1255                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "clat");
1256                 } else
1257                         finish_log(td, td->ts.clat_log, "clat");
1258         }
1259         fio_mutex_up(writeout_mutex);
1260         if (td->o.exec_postrun)
1261                 exec_string(td->o.exec_postrun);
1262
1263         if (exitall_on_terminate)
1264                 terminate_threads(td->groupid);
1265
1266 err:
1267         if (td->error)
1268                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1269                                                         td->verror);
1270
1271         if (td->o.verify_async)
1272                 verify_async_exit(td);
1273
1274         close_and_free_files(td);
1275         close_ioengine(td);
1276         cleanup_io_u(td);
1277         cgroup_shutdown(td, &cgroup_mnt);
1278
1279         if (td->o.cpumask_set) {
1280                 int ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&td->o.cpumask);
1281
1282                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1283         }
1284
1285         /*
1286          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1287          */
1288         if (td->o.write_iolog_file)
1289                 write_iolog_close(td);
1290
1291         options_mem_free(td);
1292         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1293         return (void *) (unsigned long) td->error;
1294 }
1295
1296 /*
1297  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
1298  * pass it to the thread worker.
1299  */
1300 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
1301 {
1302         struct thread_data *td;
1303         void *data, *ret;
1304
1305 #ifndef __hpux
1306         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
1307         if (data == (void *) -1) {
1308                 int __err = errno;
1309
1310                 perror("shmat");
1311                 return __err;
1312         }
1313 #else
1314         /*
1315          * HP-UX inherits shm mappings?
1316          */
1317         data = threads;
1318 #endif
1319
1320         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
1321         ret = thread_main(td);
1322         shmdt(data);
1323         return (int) (unsigned long) ret;
1324 }
1325
1326 /*
1327  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1328  */
1329 static void reap_threads(int *nr_running, int *t_rate, int *m_rate)
1330 {
1331         struct thread_data *td;
1332         int i, cputhreads, realthreads, pending, status, ret;
1333
1334         /*
1335          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
1336          */
1337         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
1338         for_each_td(td, i) {
1339                 int flags = 0;
1340
1341                 /*
1342                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1343                  * io engine
1344                  */
1345                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1346                         cputhreads++;
1347                 else
1348                         realthreads++;
1349
1350                 if (!td->pid) {
1351                         pending++;
1352                         continue;
1353                 }
1354                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1355                         continue;
1356                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1357                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1358                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1359                                 goto reaped;
1360                         }
1361                         continue;
1362                 }
1363
1364                 flags = WNOHANG;
1365                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1366                         flags = 0;
1367
1368                 /*
1369                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1370                  */
1371                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1372                 if (ret < 0) {
1373                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1374                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
1375                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
1376                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1377                                 goto reaped;
1378                         }
1379                         perror("waitpid");
1380                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1381                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1382                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1383
1384                                 if (sig != SIGTERM)
1385                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
1386                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
1387                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1388                                 goto reaped;
1389                         }
1390                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1391                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1392                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1393
1394                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1395                                 goto reaped;
1396                         }
1397                 }
1398
1399                 /*
1400                  * thread is not dead, continue
1401                  */
1402                 pending++;
1403                 continue;
1404 reaped:
1405                 (*nr_running)--;
1406                 (*m_rate) -= (td->o.ratemin[0] + td->o.ratemin[1]);
1407                 (*t_rate) -= (td->o.rate[0] + td->o.rate[1]);
1408                 if (!td->pid)
1409                         pending--;
1410
1411                 if (td->error)
1412                         exit_value++;
1413
1414                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
1415         }
1416
1417         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
1418                 terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1419 }
1420
1421 static void *gtod_thread_main(void *data)
1422 {
1423         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1424
1425         /*
1426          * As long as we have jobs around, update the clock. It would be nice
1427          * to have some way of NOT hammering that CPU with gettimeofday(),
1428          * but I'm not sure what to use outside of a simple CPU nop to relax
1429          * it - we don't want to lose precision.
1430          */
1431         while (threads) {
1432                 fio_gtod_update();
1433                 nop;
1434         }
1435
1436         return NULL;
1437 }
1438
1439 static int fio_start_gtod_thread(void)
1440 {
1441         pthread_attr_t attr;
1442         int ret;
1443
1444         pthread_attr_init(&attr);
1445         pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
1446         ret = pthread_create(&gtod_thread, &attr, gtod_thread_main, NULL);
1447         pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
1448         if (ret) {
1449                 log_err("Can't create gtod thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1450                 return 1;
1451         }
1452
1453         ret = pthread_detach(gtod_thread);
1454         if (ret) {
1455                 log_err("Can't detatch gtod thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1456                 return 1;
1457         }
1458
1459         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1460         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
1461         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1462         return 0;
1463 }
1464
1465 /*
1466  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1467  */
1468 static void run_threads(void)
1469 {
1470         struct thread_data *td;
1471         unsigned long spent;
1472         int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1473
1474         if (fio_pin_memory())
1475                 return;
1476
1477         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
1478                 return;
1479
1480         if (!terse_output) {
1481                 log_info("Starting ");
1482                 if (nr_thread)
1483                         log_info("%d thread%s", nr_thread,
1484                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1485                 if (nr_process) {
1486                         if (nr_thread)
1487                                 printf(" and ");
1488                         log_info("%d process%s", nr_process,
1489                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1490                 }
1491                 log_info("\n");
1492                 fflush(stdout);
1493         }
1494
1495         set_sig_handlers();
1496
1497         todo = thread_number;
1498         nr_running = 0;
1499         nr_started = 0;
1500         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1501
1502         for_each_td(td, i) {
1503                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1504
1505                 if (!td->o.create_serialize) {
1506                         init_disk_util(td);
1507                         continue;
1508                 }
1509
1510                 /*
1511                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1512                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1513                  * client data interspersed on disk
1514                  */
1515                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1516                         exit_value++;
1517                         if (td->error)
1518                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
1519                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1520                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1521                         todo--;
1522                 } else {
1523                         struct fio_file *f;
1524                         unsigned int j;
1525
1526                         /*
1527                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
1528                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
1529                          * for creation
1530                          */
1531                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
1532                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
1533                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
1534                         }
1535                 }
1536
1537                 init_disk_util(td);
1538         }
1539
1540         set_genesis_time();
1541
1542         while (todo) {
1543                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
1544                 struct timeval this_start;
1545                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1546
1547                 /*
1548                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1549                  */
1550                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1551                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1552                                 continue;
1553
1554                         /*
1555                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1556                          * thread for some reason
1557                          */
1558                         if (td->terminate) {
1559                                 todo--;
1560                                 continue;
1561                         }
1562
1563                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1564                                 spent = mtime_since_genesis();
1565
1566                                 if (td->o.start_delay * 1000 > spent)
1567                                         continue;
1568                         }
1569
1570                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
1571                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
1572                                                         td->o.name);
1573                                 break;
1574                         }
1575
1576                         /*
1577                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1578                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1579                          */
1580                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1581                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1582                         nr_started++;
1583
1584                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1585                                 int ret;
1586
1587                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
1588                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
1589                                                         thread_main, td);
1590                                 if (ret) {
1591                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
1592                                                         strerror(ret));
1593                                         nr_started--;
1594                                         break;
1595                                 }
1596                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
1597                                 if (ret)
1598                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
1599                                                         strerror(ret));
1600                         } else {
1601                                 pid_t pid;
1602                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
1603                                 pid = fork();
1604                                 if (!pid) {
1605                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1606
1607                                         _exit(ret);
1608                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
1609                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
1610                         }
1611                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1612                         if (fio_mutex_down_timeout(startup_mutex, 10)) {
1613                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
1614                                 terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1615                                 fio_abort = 1;
1616                                 nr_started--;
1617                                 break;
1618                         }
1619                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1620                 }
1621
1622                 /*
1623                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1624                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1625                  */
1626                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1627                 left = this_jobs;
1628                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1629                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1630                                 break;
1631
1632                         usleep(100000);
1633
1634                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1635                                 td = map[i];
1636                                 if (!td)
1637                                         continue;
1638                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1639                                         map[i] = NULL;
1640                                         left--;
1641                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1642                                         map[i] = NULL;
1643                                         left--;
1644                                         todo--;
1645                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1646                                 }
1647                         }
1648                 }
1649
1650                 if (left) {
1651                         log_err("fio: %d jobs failed to start\n", left);
1652                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1653                                 td = map[i];
1654                                 if (!td)
1655                                         continue;
1656                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1657                         }
1658                         break;
1659                 }
1660
1661                 /*
1662                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1663                  */
1664                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1665                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1666                                 continue;
1667
1668                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
1669                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1670                         else
1671                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1672                         nr_running++;
1673                         nr_started--;
1674                         m_rate += td->o.ratemin[0] + td->o.ratemin[1];
1675                         t_rate += td->o.rate[0] + td->o.rate[1];
1676                         todo--;
1677                         fio_mutex_up(td->mutex);
1678                 }
1679
1680                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1681
1682                 if (todo)
1683                         usleep(100000);
1684         }
1685
1686         while (nr_running) {
1687                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1688                 usleep(10000);
1689         }
1690
1691         update_io_ticks();
1692         fio_unpin_memory();
1693 }
1694
1695 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
1696 {
1697         long ps;
1698
1699         arch_init(envp);
1700
1701         sinit();
1702         init_rand(&__fio_rand_state);
1703
1704         /*
1705          * We need locale for number printing, if it isn't set then just
1706          * go with the US format.
1707          */
1708         if (!getenv("LC_NUMERIC"))
1709                 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "en_US");
1710
1711         ps = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
1712         if (ps < 0) {
1713                 log_err("Failed to get page size\n");
1714                 return 1;
1715         }
1716
1717         page_size = ps;
1718         page_mask = ps - 1;
1719
1720         fio_keywords_init();
1721
1722         if (parse_options(argc, argv))
1723                 return 1;
1724
1725         if (exec_profile && load_profile(exec_profile))
1726                 return 1;
1727
1728         if (!thread_number)
1729                 return 0;
1730
1731         if (write_bw_log) {
1732                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ]);
1733                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE]);
1734         }
1735
1736         startup_mutex = fio_mutex_init(0);
1737         if (startup_mutex == NULL)
1738                 return 1;
1739         writeout_mutex = fio_mutex_init(1);
1740         if (writeout_mutex == NULL)
1741                 return 1;
1742
1743         set_genesis_time();
1744         create_disk_util_thread();
1745
1746         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
1747         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
1748
1749         run_threads();
1750
1751         if (!fio_abort) {
1752                 show_run_stats();
1753                 if (write_bw_log) {
1754                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], "agg-read_bw.log");
1755                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],
1756                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1757                 }
1758         }
1759
1760         cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
1761         sfree(cgroup_list);
1762         sfree(cgroup_mnt);
1763
1764         fio_mutex_remove(startup_mutex);
1765         fio_mutex_remove(writeout_mutex);
1766         return exit_value;
1767 }