fio.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <signal.h>
  28 #include <time.h>
  29 #include <locale.h>
  30 #include <assert.h>
  31 #include <sys/stat.h>
  32 #include <sys/wait.h>
  33 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  34 #include <sys/shm.h>
  35 #include <sys/mman.h>
  36
  37 #include "fio.h"
  38 #include "hash.h"
  39
  40 unsigned long page_mask;
  41 unsigned long page_size;
  42 #define ALIGN(buf)      \
  43         (char *) (((unsigned long) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  44
  45 int groupid = 0;
  46 int thread_number = 0;
  47 int nr_process = 0;
  48 int nr_thread = 0;
  49 int shm_id = 0;
  50 int temp_stall_ts;
  51
  52 static struct fio_sem *startup_sem;
  53 static volatile int fio_abort;
  54 static int exit_value;
  55
  56 struct io_log *agg_io_log[2];
  57
  58 #define TERMINATE_ALL           (-1)
  59 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  60
  61 static inline void td_set_runstate(struct thread_data *td, int runstate)
  62 {
  63         td->runstate = runstate;
  64 }
  65
  66 static void terminate_threads(int group_id)
  67 {
  68         struct thread_data *td;
  69         int i;
  70
  71         for_each_td(td, i) {
  72                 if (group_id == TERMINATE_ALL || groupid == td->groupid) {
  73                         /*
  74                          * if the thread is running, just let it exit
  75                          */
  76                         if (td->runstate < TD_RUNNING)
  77                                 kill(td->pid, SIGQUIT);
  78                         td->terminate = 1;
  79                         td->o.start_delay = 0;
  80                 }
  81         }
  82 }
  83
  84 static void sig_handler(int sig)
  85 {
  86         switch (sig) {
  87                 case SIGALRM:
  88                         update_io_ticks();
  89                         disk_util_timer_arm();
  90                         print_thread_status();
  91                         break;
  92                 default:
  93                         printf("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  94                         fflush(stdout);
  95                         terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
  96                         break;
  97         }
  98 }
  99
 100 /*
 101  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 102  */
 103 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now)
 104 {
 105         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 106         unsigned long iops = 0;
 107         unsigned long spent;
 108         unsigned long rate;
 109
 110         /*
 111          * No minimum rate set, always ok
 112          */
 113         if (!td->o.ratemin && !td->o.rate_iops_min)
 114                 return 0;
 115
 116         /*
 117          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 118          */
 119         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 120                 return 0;
 121
 122         if (td_read(td)) {
 123                 iops += td->io_blocks[DDIR_READ];
 124                 bytes += td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 125         }
 126         if (td_write(td)) {
 127                 iops += td->io_blocks[DDIR_WRITE];
 128                 bytes += td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 129         }
 130
 131         /*
 132          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 133          */
 134         if (td->rate_bytes || td->rate_blocks) {
 135                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate, now);
 136                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 137                         return 0;
 138
 139                 if (td->o.rate) {
 140                         /*
 141                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 142                          */
 143                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes) {
 144                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name, td->o.ratemin);
 145                                 return 1;
 146                         } else {
 147                                 rate = (bytes - td->rate_bytes) / spent;
 148                                 if (rate < td->o.ratemin || bytes < td->rate_bytes) {
 149                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got %luKiB/sec\n", td->o.name, td->o.ratemin, rate);
 150                                         return 1;
 151                                 }
 152                         }
 153                 } else {
 154                         /*
 155                          * checks iops specified rate
 156                          */
 157                         if (iops < td->o.rate_iops) {
 158                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n", td->o.name, td->o.rate_iops);
 159                                 return 1;
 160                         } else {
 161                                 rate = (iops - td->rate_blocks) / spent;
 162                                 if (rate < td->o.rate_iops_min || iops < td->rate_blocks) {
 163                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met, got %lu\n", td->o.name, td->o.rate_iops_min, rate);
 164                                 }
 165                         }
 166                 }
 167         }
 168
 169         td->rate_bytes = bytes;
 170         td->rate_blocks = iops;
 171         memcpy(&td->lastrate, now, sizeof(*now));
 172         return 0;
 173 }
 174
 175 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 176 {
 177         if (!td->o.timeout)
 178                 return 0;
 179         if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout * 1000)
 180                 return 1;
 181
 182         return 0;
 183 }
 184
 185 /*
 186  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 187  * io. Attempt to do so.
 188  */
 189 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 190 {
 191         struct list_head *entry, *n;
 192         struct io_u *io_u;
 193         int r;
 194
 195         /*
 196          * get immediately available events, if any
 197          */
 198         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0);
 199         if (r < 0)
 200                 return;
 201
 202         /*
 203          * now cancel remaining active events
 204          */
 205         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 206                 list_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
 207                         io_u = list_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 208
 209                         /*
 210                          * if the io_u isn't in flight, then that generally
 211                          * means someone leaked an io_u. complain but fix
 212                          * it up, so we don't stall here.
 213                          */
 214                         if ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) == 0) {
 215                                 log_err("fio: non-busy IO on busy list\n");
 216                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 217                         } else {
 218                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 219                                 if (!r)
 220                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 221                         }
 222                 }
 223         }
 224
 225         if (td->cur_depth)
 226                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth);
 227 }
 228
 229 /*
 230  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 231  * io path, just does everything sync.
 232  */
 233 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 234 {
 235         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 236         int ret;
 237
 238         if (!io_u)
 239                 return 1;
 240
 241         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 242         io_u->file = f;
 243
 244         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 245                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 246                 return 1;
 247         }
 248
 249 requeue:
 250         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 251         if (ret < 0) {
 252                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 253                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 254                 return 1;
 255         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 256                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1) < 0)
 257                         return 1;
 258         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 259                 if (io_u->error) {
 260                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 261                         return 1;
 262                 }
 263
 264                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u) < 0)
 265                         return 1;
 266         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 267                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 268                         return 1;
 269                 goto requeue;
 270         }
 271
 272         return 0;
 273 }
 274
 275 /*
 276  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 277  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 278  */
 279 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td)
 280 {
 281         struct fio_file *f;
 282         struct io_u *io_u;
 283         int ret, min_events;
 284         unsigned int i;
 285
 286         /*
 287          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 288          * read from disk.
 289          */
 290         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 291                 if (!(f->flags & FIO_FILE_OPEN))
 292                         continue;
 293                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 294                         break;
 295                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 296                         break;
 297         }
 298
 299         if (td->error)
 300                 return;
 301
 302         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 303
 304         io_u = NULL;
 305         while (!td->terminate) {
 306                 int ret2;
 307
 308                 io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 309                 if (!io_u)
 310                         break;
 311
 312                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &io_u->start_time)) {
 313                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 314                         td->terminate = 1;
 315                         break;
 316                 }
 317
 318                 if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 319                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 320                         break;
 321                 }
 322
 323                 if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 324                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 325                         break;
 326                 }
 327
 328                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 329
 330                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 331                 switch (ret) {
 332                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 333                         if (io_u->error)
 334                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 335                         else if (io_u->resid) {
 336                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 337                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 338
 339                                 /*
 340                                  * zero read, fail
 341                                  */
 342                                 if (!bytes) {
 343                                         td_verror(td, ENODATA, "full resid");
 344                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 345                                         break;
 346                                 }
 347
 348                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 349                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 350                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 351                                 f->last_completed_pos = io_u->offset;
 352
 353                                 td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 354
 355                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 356                                         goto sync_done;
 357
 358                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 359                         } else {
 360 sync_done:
 361                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u);
 362                                 if (ret < 0)
 363                                         break;
 364                         }
 365                         continue;
 366                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 367                         break;
 368                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 369                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 370                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 371                         if (ret2 < 0)
 372                                 ret = ret2;
 373                         break;
 374                 default:
 375                         assert(ret < 0);
 376                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 377                         break;
 378                 }
 379
 380                 if (ret < 0 || td->error)
 381                         break;
 382
 383                 /*
 384                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 385                  * completed io_u's first.
 386                  */
 387                 min_events = 0;
 388                 if (queue_full(td) || ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 389                         min_events = 1;
 390
 391                         if (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low)
 392                                 min_events = td->cur_depth - td->o.iodepth_low;
 393                 }
 394
 395                 /*
 396                  * Reap required number of io units, if any, and do the
 397                  * verification on them through the callback handler
 398                  */
 399                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events) < 0)
 400                         break;
 401         }
 402
 403         if (!td->error) {
 404                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 405
 406                 if (min_events)
 407                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events);
 408         } else
 409                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 410
 411         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 412 }
 413
 414 /*
 415  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 416  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 417  */
 418 static void do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 419 {
 420         struct timeval s;
 421         unsigned long usec;
 422         unsigned int i;
 423         int ret = 0;
 424
 425         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 426
 427         while ((td->this_io_bytes[0] + td->this_io_bytes[1]) < td->o.size) {
 428                 struct timeval comp_time;
 429                 long bytes_done = 0;
 430                 int min_evts = 0;
 431                 struct io_u *io_u;
 432                 int ret2;
 433
 434                 if (td->terminate)
 435                         break;
 436
 437                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 438                 if (!io_u)
 439                         break;
 440
 441                 memcpy(&s, &io_u->start_time, sizeof(s));
 442
 443                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &s)) {
 444                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 445                         td->terminate = 1;
 446                         break;
 447                 }
 448
 449                 /*
 450                  * Add verification end_io handler, if asked to verify
 451                  * a previously written file.
 452                  */
 453                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE)
 454                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 455
 456                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 457                 switch (ret) {
 458                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 459                         if (io_u->error)
 460                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 461                         else if (io_u->resid) {
 462                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 463                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 464
 465                                 /*
 466                                  * zero read, fail
 467                                  */
 468                                 if (!bytes) {
 469                                         td_verror(td, ENODATA, "full resid");
 470                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 471                                         break;
 472                                 }
 473
 474                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 475                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 476                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 477                                 f->last_completed_pos = io_u->offset;
 478
 479                                 td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 480
 481                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 482                                         goto sync_done;
 483
 484                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 485                         } else {
 486 sync_done:
 487                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 488                                 bytes_done = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u);
 489                                 if (bytes_done < 0)
 490                                         ret = bytes_done;
 491                         }
 492                         break;
 493                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 494                         /*
 495                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 496                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 497                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 498                          */
 499                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 500                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 501                         break;
 502                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 503                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 504                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 505                         if (ret2 < 0)
 506                                 ret = ret2;
 507                         break;
 508                 default:
 509                         assert(ret < 0);
 510                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 511                         break;
 512                 }
 513
 514                 if (ret < 0 || td->error)
 515                         break;
 516
 517                 /*
 518                  * See if we need to complete some commands
 519                  */
 520                 if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED || ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 521                         min_evts = 0;
 522                         if (queue_full(td) || ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 523                                 min_evts = 1;
 524
 525                                 if (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low)
 526                                         min_evts = td->cur_depth - td->o.iodepth_low;
 527                         }
 528
 529                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 530                         bytes_done = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts);
 531                         if (bytes_done < 0)
 532                                 break;
 533                 }
 534
 535                 if (!bytes_done)
 536                         continue;
 537
 538                 /*
 539                  * the rate is batched for now, it should work for batches
 540                  * of completions except the very first one which may look
 541                  * a little bursty
 542                  */
 543                 usec = utime_since(&s, &comp_time);
 544
 545                 rate_throttle(td, usec, bytes_done);
 546
 547                 if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time)) {
 548                         if (exitall_on_terminate)
 549                                 terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 550                         td_verror(td, ENODATA, "check_min_rate");
 551                         break;
 552                 }
 553
 554                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 555                         unsigned long long b;
 556
 557                         b = td->io_blocks[0] + td->io_blocks[1];
 558                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 559                                 int left;
 560
 561                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 562                                         __usec_sleep(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 563
 564                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 565                                 if (left)
 566                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 567                         }
 568                 }
 569         }
 570
 571         if (!td->error) {
 572                 struct fio_file *f;
 573
 574                 i = td->cur_depth;
 575                 if (i)
 576                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i);
 577
 578                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 579                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 580
 581                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 582                                 if (!(f->flags & FIO_FILE_OPEN))
 583                                         continue;
 584                                 fio_io_sync(td, f);
 585                         }
 586                 }
 587         } else
 588                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 589 }
 590
 591 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 592 {
 593         struct list_head *entry, *n;
 594         struct io_u *io_u;
 595
 596         list_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
 597                 io_u = list_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 598
 599                 list_del(&io_u->list);
 600                 free(io_u);
 601         }
 602
 603         free_io_mem(td);
 604 }
 605
 606 /*
 607  * "randomly" fill the buffer contents
 608  */
 609 static void fill_io_buf(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u, int max_bs)
 610 {
 611         long *ptr = io_u->buf;
 612
 613         if (!td->o.zero_buffers) {
 614                 while ((void *) ptr - io_u->buf < max_bs) {
 615                         *ptr = rand() * GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME;
 616                         ptr++;
 617                 }
 618         } else
 619                 memset(ptr, 0, max_bs);
 620 }
 621
 622 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 623 {
 624         struct io_u *io_u;
 625         unsigned int max_bs;
 626         int i, max_units;
 627         char *p;
 628
 629         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_SYNCIO)
 630                 max_units = 1;
 631         else
 632                 max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 633
 634         max_bs = max(td->o.max_bs[DDIR_READ], td->o.max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]);
 635         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 636
 637         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE)
 638                 td->orig_buffer_size = (td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1) & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
 639
 640         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
 641                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
 642                 return 1;
 643         }
 644
 645         if (allocate_io_mem(td))
 646                 return 1;
 647
 648         if (td->o.odirect)
 649                 p = ALIGN(td->orig_buffer);
 650         else
 651                 p = td->orig_buffer;
 652
 653         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 654                 if (td->terminate)
 655                         return 1;
 656                 io_u = malloc(sizeof(*io_u));
 657                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 658                 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);
 659
 660                 io_u->buf = p + max_bs * i;
 661
 662                 if (td_write(td))
 663                         fill_io_buf(td, io_u, max_bs);
 664
 665                 io_u->index = i;
 666                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
 667                 list_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
 668         }
 669
 670         io_u_init_timeout();
 671
 672         return 0;
 673 }
 674
 675 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 676 {
 677         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
 678         FILE *f;
 679         int ret;
 680
 681         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
 682                 return 0;
 683
 684         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
 685
 686         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
 687         if (!f) {
 688                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 689                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler switching\n");
 690                         return 0;
 691                 }
 692                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
 693                 return 1;
 694         }
 695
 696         /*
 697          * Set io scheduler.
 698          */
 699         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
 700         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
 701                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
 702                 fclose(f);
 703                 return 1;
 704         }
 705
 706         rewind(f);
 707
 708         /*
 709          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
 710          */
 711         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
 712         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
 713                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
 714                 fclose(f);
 715                 return 1;
 716         }
 717
 718         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
 719         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
 720                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
 721                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
 722                 fclose(f);
 723                 return 1;
 724         }
 725
 726         fclose(f);
 727         return 0;
 728 }
 729
 730 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
 731 {
 732         unsigned long long io_done;
 733
 734         if (td->done)
 735                 return 0;
 736         if (td->o.time_based)
 737                 return 1;
 738         if (td->o.loops) {
 739                 td->o.loops--;
 740                 return 1;
 741         }
 742
 743         io_done = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE] + td->io_skip_bytes;
 744         if (io_done < td->o.size)
 745                 return 1;
 746
 747         return 0;
 748 }
 749
 750 static int clear_io_state(struct thread_data *td)
 751 {
 752         struct fio_file *f;
 753         unsigned int i;
 754         int ret;
 755
 756         td->ts.stat_io_bytes[0] = td->ts.stat_io_bytes[1] = 0;
 757         td->this_io_bytes[0] = td->this_io_bytes[1] = 0;
 758         td->zone_bytes = 0;
 759         td->rate_bytes = 0;
 760         td->rate_blocks = 0;
 761         td->rw_end_set[0] = td->rw_end_set[1] = 0;
 762
 763         td->last_was_sync = 0;
 764
 765         if (td->o.time_based)
 766                 td->nr_done_files = 0;
 767
 768         for_each_file(td, f, i)
 769                 td_io_close_file(td, f);
 770
 771         ret = 0;
 772         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 773                 f->flags &= ~FIO_FILE_DONE;
 774                 ret = td_io_open_file(td, f);
 775                 if (ret)
 776                         break;
 777         }
 778
 779         return ret;
 780 }
 781
 782 /*
 783  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
 784  * here as well, after a little setup.
 785  */
 786 static void *thread_main(void *data)
 787 {
 788         unsigned long long runtime[2];
 789         struct thread_data *td = data;
 790         unsigned long elapsed;
 791         int clear_state;
 792
 793         if (!td->o.use_thread)
 794                 setsid();
 795
 796         td->pid = getpid();
 797
 798         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
 799         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
 800         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_requeues);
 801         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
 802         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
 803         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
 804
 805         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
 806         fio_sem_up(startup_sem);
 807         fio_sem_down(td->mutex);
 808
 809         /*
 810          * the ->mutex semaphore is now no longer used, close it to avoid
 811          * eating a file descriptor
 812          */
 813         fio_sem_remove(td->mutex);
 814
 815         /*
 816          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
 817          * do this first.
 818          */
 819         if (init_iolog(td))
 820                 goto err;
 821
 822         if (init_io_u(td))
 823                 goto err;
 824
 825         if (td->o.cpumask_set && fio_setaffinity(td) == -1) {
 826                 td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
 827                 goto err;
 828         }
 829
 830         if (td->ioprio) {
 831                 if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
 832                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
 833                         goto err;
 834                 }
 835         }
 836
 837         if (nice(td->o.nice) == -1) {
 838                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
 839                 goto err;
 840         }
 841
 842         if (td->o.ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
 843                 goto err;
 844
 845         if (!td->o.create_serialize && setup_files(td))
 846                 goto err;
 847
 848         if (td_io_init(td))
 849                 goto err;
 850
 851         if (open_files(td))
 852                 goto err;
 853
 854         if (init_random_map(td))
 855                 goto err;
 856
 857         if (td->o.exec_prerun) {
 858                 if (system(td->o.exec_prerun) < 0)
 859                         goto err;
 860         }
 861
 862         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
 863         memcpy(&td->timeout_end, &td->epoch, sizeof(td->epoch));
 864         getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ts.ru_start);
 865
 866         runtime[0] = runtime[1] = 0;
 867         clear_state = 0;
 868         while (keep_running(td)) {
 869                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
 870                 memcpy(&td->ts.stat_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
 871
 872                 if (td->o.ratemin)
 873                         memcpy(&td->lastrate, &td->ts.stat_sample_time, sizeof(td->lastrate));
 874
 875                 if (clear_state && clear_io_state(td))
 876                         break;
 877
 878                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
 879
 880                 do_io(td);
 881
 882                 clear_state = 1;
 883
 884                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
 885                         if (td->rw_end_set[DDIR_READ])
 886                                 elapsed = utime_since(&td->start, &td->rw_end[DDIR_READ]);
 887                         else
 888                                 elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
 889
 890                         runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
 891                 }
 892                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
 893                         if (td->rw_end_set[DDIR_WRITE])
 894                                 elapsed = utime_since(&td->start, &td->rw_end[DDIR_WRITE]);
 895                         else
 896                                 elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
 897
 898                         runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
 899                 }
 900
 901                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
 902                         break;
 903
 904                 if (!td->o.do_verify ||
 905                     td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
 906                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
 907                         continue;
 908
 909                 if (clear_io_state(td))
 910                         break;
 911
 912                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
 913
 914                 do_verify(td);
 915
 916                 runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
 917
 918                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
 919                         break;
 920         }
 921
 922         update_rusage_stat(td);
 923         td->ts.runtime[0] = (runtime[0] + 999) / 1000;
 924         td->ts.runtime[1] = (runtime[1] + 999) / 1000;
 925         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
 926         td->ts.io_bytes[0] = td->io_bytes[0];
 927         td->ts.io_bytes[1] = td->io_bytes[1];
 928
 929         if (td->ts.bw_log)
 930                 finish_log(td, td->ts.bw_log, "bw");
 931         if (td->ts.slat_log)
 932                 finish_log(td, td->ts.slat_log, "slat");
 933         if (td->ts.clat_log)
 934                 finish_log(td, td->ts.clat_log, "clat");
 935         if (td->o.exec_postrun) {
 936                 if (system(td->o.exec_postrun) < 0)
 937                         log_err("fio: postrun %s failed\n", td->o.exec_postrun);
 938         }
 939
 940         if (exitall_on_terminate)
 941                 terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 942
 943 err:
 944         if (td->error)
 945                 printf("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
 946         close_files(td);
 947         close_ioengine(td);
 948         cleanup_io_u(td);
 949
 950         /*
 951          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
 952          */
 953         if (td->o.write_iolog_file)
 954                 write_iolog_close(td);
 955
 956         options_mem_free(td);
 957         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
 958         return (void *) (unsigned long) td->error;
 959 }
 960
 961 /*
 962  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
 963  * pass it to the thread worker.
 964  */
 965 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
 966 {
 967         struct thread_data *td;
 968         void *data, *ret;
 969
 970         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
 971         if (data == (void *) -1) {
 972                 int __err = errno;
 973
 974                 perror("shmat");
 975                 return __err;
 976         }
 977
 978         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
 979         ret = thread_main(td);
 980         shmdt(data);
 981         return (int) (unsigned long) ret;
 982 }
 983
 984 /*
 985  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
 986  */
 987 static void reap_threads(int *nr_running, int *t_rate, int *m_rate)
 988 {
 989         struct thread_data *td;
 990         int i, cputhreads, pending, status, ret;
 991
 992         /*
 993          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
 994          */
 995         pending = cputhreads = 0;
 996         for_each_td(td, i) {
 997                 int flags = 0;
 998
 999                 /*
1000                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1001                  * io engine
1002                  */
1003                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1004                         cputhreads++;
1005
1006                 if (!td->pid || td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1007                         continue;
1008                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1009                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1010                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1011                                 goto reaped;
1012                         }
1013                         continue;
1014                 }
1015
1016                 flags = WNOHANG;
1017                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1018                         flags = 0;
1019
1020                 /*
1021                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1022                  */
1023                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1024                 if (ret < 0) {
1025                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1026                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n", td->pid, td->runstate);
1027                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1028                                 goto reaped;
1029                         }
1030                         perror("waitpid");
1031                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1032                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1033                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1034
1035                                 if (sig != SIGQUIT)
1036                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n", td->pid, sig);
1037                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1038                                 goto reaped;
1039                         }
1040                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1041                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1042                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1043
1044                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1045                                 goto reaped;
1046                         }
1047                 }
1048
1049                 /*
1050                  * thread is not dead, continue
1051                  */
1052                 pending++;
1053                 continue;
1054 reaped:
1055                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1056                         long ret;
1057
1058                         if (pthread_join(td->thread, (void *) &ret))
1059                                 perror("pthread_join");
1060                 }
1061
1062                 (*nr_running)--;
1063                 (*m_rate) -= td->o.ratemin;
1064                 (*t_rate) -= td->o.rate;
1065                 pending--;
1066
1067                 if (td->error)
1068                         exit_value++;
1069         }
1070
1071         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending)
1072                 terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1073 }
1074
1075 /*
1076  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1077  */
1078 static void run_threads(void)
1079 {
1080         struct thread_data *td;
1081         unsigned long spent;
1082         int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1083
1084         if (fio_pin_memory())
1085                 return;
1086
1087         if (!terse_output) {
1088                 printf("Starting ");
1089                 if (nr_thread)
1090                         printf("%d thread%s", nr_thread, nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1091                 if (nr_process) {
1092                         if (nr_thread)
1093                                 printf(" and ");
1094                         printf("%d process%s", nr_process, nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1095                 }
1096                 printf("\n");
1097                 fflush(stdout);
1098         }
1099
1100         signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
1101         signal(SIGALRM, sig_handler);
1102
1103         todo = thread_number;
1104         nr_running = 0;
1105         nr_started = 0;
1106         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1107
1108         for_each_td(td, i) {
1109                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1110
1111                 if (!td->o.create_serialize) {
1112                         init_disk_util(td);
1113                         continue;
1114                 }
1115
1116                 /*
1117                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1118                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1119                  * client data interspersed on disk
1120                  */
1121                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1122                         exit_value++;
1123                         if (td->error)
1124                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1125                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1126                         todo--;
1127                 }
1128
1129                 init_disk_util(td);
1130         }
1131
1132         set_genesis_time();
1133
1134         while (todo) {
1135                 struct thread_data *map[MAX_JOBS];
1136                 struct timeval this_start;
1137                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1138
1139                 /*
1140                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1141                  */
1142                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1143                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1144                                 continue;
1145
1146                         /*
1147                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1148                          * thread for some reason
1149                          */
1150                         if (td->terminate) {
1151                                 todo--;
1152                                 continue;
1153                         }
1154
1155                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1156                                 spent = mtime_since_genesis();
1157
1158                                 if (td->o.start_delay * 1000 > spent)
1159                                         continue;
1160                         }
1161
1162                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running))
1163                                 break;
1164
1165                         /*
1166                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1167                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1168                          */
1169                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1170                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1171                         nr_started++;
1172
1173                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1174                                 if (pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL, thread_main, td)) {
1175                                         perror("thread_create");
1176                                         nr_started--;
1177                                         break;
1178                                 }
1179                         } else {
1180                                 if (!fork()) {
1181                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1182
1183                                         exit(ret);
1184                                 }
1185                         }
1186                         fio_sem_down(startup_sem);
1187                 }
1188
1189                 /*
1190                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1191                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1192                  */
1193                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1194                 left = this_jobs;
1195                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1196                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1197                                 break;
1198
1199                         usleep(100000);
1200
1201                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1202                                 td = map[i];
1203                                 if (!td)
1204                                         continue;
1205                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1206                                         map[i] = NULL;
1207                                         left--;
1208                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1209                                         map[i] = NULL;
1210                                         left--;
1211                                         todo--;
1212                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1213                                 }
1214                         }
1215                 }
1216
1217                 if (left) {
1218                         log_err("fio: %d jobs failed to start\n", left);
1219                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1220                                 td = map[i];
1221                                 if (!td)
1222                                         continue;
1223                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1224                         }
1225                         break;
1226                 }
1227
1228                 /*
1229                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1230                  */
1231                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1232                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1233                                 continue;
1234
1235                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1236                         nr_running++;
1237                         nr_started--;
1238                         m_rate += td->o.ratemin;
1239                         t_rate += td->o.rate;
1240                         todo--;
1241                         fio_sem_up(td->mutex);
1242                 }
1243
1244                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1245
1246                 if (todo)
1247                         usleep(100000);
1248         }
1249
1250         while (nr_running) {
1251                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1252                 usleep(10000);
1253         }
1254
1255         update_io_ticks();
1256         fio_unpin_memory();
1257 }
1258
1259 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1260 {
1261         long ps;
1262
1263         /*
1264          * We need locale for number printing, if it isn't set then just
1265          * go with the US format.
1266          */
1267         if (!getenv("LC_NUMERIC"))
1268                 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "en_US");
1269
1270         if (parse_options(argc, argv))
1271                 return 1;
1272
1273         if (!thread_number)
1274                 return 0;
1275
1276         ps = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
1277         if (ps < 0) {
1278                 log_err("Failed to get page size\n");
1279                 return 1;
1280         }
1281
1282         page_size = ps;
1283         page_mask = ps - 1;
1284
1285         if (write_bw_log) {
1286                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ]);
1287                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE]);
1288         }
1289
1290         startup_sem = fio_sem_init(0);
1291
1292         set_genesis_time();
1293
1294         disk_util_timer_arm();
1295
1296         run_threads();
1297
1298         if (!fio_abort) {
1299                 show_run_stats();
1300                 if (write_bw_log) {
1301                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ],"agg-read_bw.log");
1302                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],"agg-write_bw.log");
1303                 }
1304         }
1305
1306         fio_sem_remove(startup_sem);
1307         return exit_value;
1308 }