backend.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <time.h>
  30 #include <locale.h>
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <inttypes.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  37 #include <sys/mman.h>
  38
  39 #include "fio.h"
  40 #ifndef FIO_NO_HAVE_SHM_H
  41 #include <sys/shm.h>
  42 #endif
  43 #include "hash.h"
  44 #include "smalloc.h"
  45 #include "verify.h"
  46 #include "trim.h"
  47 #include "diskutil.h"
  48 #include "cgroup.h"
  49 #include "profile.h"
  50 #include "lib/rand.h"
  51 #include "memalign.h"
  52 #include "server.h"
  53 #include "lib/getrusage.h"
  54 #include "idletime.h"
  55
  56 static pthread_t disk_util_thread;
  57 static struct fio_mutex *disk_thread_mutex;
  58 static struct fio_mutex *startup_mutex;
  59 static struct fio_mutex *writeout_mutex;
  60 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  61 static char *cgroup_mnt;
  62 static int exit_value;
  63 static volatile int fio_abort;
  64
  65 struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
  66
  67 int groupid = 0;
  68 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
  69 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
  70 unsigned int nr_process = 0;
  71 unsigned int nr_thread = 0;
  72 int shm_id = 0;
  73 int temp_stall_ts;
  74 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  75 volatile int disk_util_exit = 0;
  76
  77 #define PAGE_ALIGN(buf) \
  78         (char *) (((uintptr_t) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  79
  80 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  81
  82 static void sig_int(int sig)
  83 {
  84         if (threads) {
  85                 if (is_backend)
  86                         fio_server_got_signal(sig);
  87                 else {
  88                         log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  89                         fflush(stdout);
  90                         exit_value = 128;
  91                 }
  92
  93                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
  94         }
  95 }
  96
  97 static void sig_show_status(int sig)
  98 {
  99         show_running_run_stats();
 100 }
 101
 102 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 103 {
 104         struct sigaction act;
 105
 106         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 107         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 108         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 109         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 110
 111         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 112         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 113         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 114         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 115
 116 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 117 #ifdef WIN32
 118         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 119         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 120         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 121         sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 122 #endif
 123
 124         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 125         act.sa_handler = sig_show_status;
 126         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 127         sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
 128
 129         if (is_backend) {
 130                 memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 131                 act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 132                 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 133                 sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
 134         }
 135 }
 136
 137 /*
 138  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 139  */
 140 static int __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 141                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 142 {
 143         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 144         unsigned long iops = 0;
 145         unsigned long spent;
 146         unsigned long rate;
 147         unsigned int ratemin = 0;
 148         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 149         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 150
 151         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 152
 153         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 154                 return 0;
 155
 156         /*
 157          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 158          */
 159         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 160                 return 0;
 161
 162         iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
 163         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 164         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 165         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 166         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 167
 168         /*
 169          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 170          */
 171         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 172                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 173                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 174                         return 0;
 175
 176                 if (td->o.rate[ddir]) {
 177                         /*
 178                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 179                          */
 180                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 181                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name,
 182                                                                 ratemin);
 183                                 return 1;
 184                         } else {
 185                                 rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 186                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 187                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 188                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got"
 189                                                 " %luKB/sec\n", td->o.name,
 190                                                         ratemin, rate);
 191                                         return 1;
 192                                 }
 193                         }
 194                 } else {
 195                         /*
 196                          * checks iops specified rate
 197                          */
 198                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 199                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n",
 200                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops);
 201                                 return 1;
 202                         } else {
 203                                 rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 204                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 205                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 206                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met,"
 207                                                 " got %lu\n", td->o.name,
 208                                                         rate_iops_min, rate);
 209                                 }
 210                         }
 211                 }
 212         }
 213
 214         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 215         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 216         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 217         return 0;
 218 }
 219
 220 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 221                           uint64_t *bytes_done)
 222 {
 223         int ret = 0;
 224
 225         if (bytes_done[DDIR_READ])
 226                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_READ);
 227         if (bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE])
 228                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_WRITE);
 229         if (bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM])
 230                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_TRIM);
 231
 232         return ret;
 233 }
 234
 235 /*
 236  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 237  * io. Attempt to do so.
 238  */
 239 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 240 {
 241         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 242         struct io_u *io_u;
 243         int r;
 244
 245         /*
 246          * get immediately available events, if any
 247          */
 248         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0, NULL);
 249         if (r < 0)
 250                 return;
 251
 252         /*
 253          * now cancel remaining active events
 254          */
 255         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 256                 flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
 257                         io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 258
 259                         /*
 260                          * if the io_u isn't in flight, then that generally
 261                          * means someone leaked an io_u. complain but fix
 262                          * it up, so we don't stall here.
 263                          */
 264                         if ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) == 0) {
 265                                 log_err("fio: non-busy IO on busy list\n");
 266                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 267                         } else {
 268                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 269                                 if (!r)
 270                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 271                         }
 272                 }
 273         }
 274
 275         if (td->cur_depth)
 276                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 277 }
 278
 279 /*
 280  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 281  * io path, just does everything sync.
 282  */
 283 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 284 {
 285         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 286         int ret;
 287
 288         if (!io_u)
 289                 return 1;
 290
 291         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 292         io_u->file = f;
 293
 294         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 295                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 296                 return 1;
 297         }
 298
 299 requeue:
 300         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 301         if (ret < 0) {
 302                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 303                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 304                 return 1;
 305         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 306                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1, NULL) < 0)
 307                         return 1;
 308         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 309                 if (io_u->error) {
 310                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 311                         return 1;
 312                 }
 313
 314                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL) < 0)
 315                         return 1;
 316         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 317                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 318                         return 1;
 319                 goto requeue;
 320         }
 321
 322         return 0;
 323 }
 324
 325 static int fio_file_fsync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 326 {
 327         int ret;
 328
 329         if (fio_file_open(f))
 330                 return fio_io_sync(td, f);
 331
 332         if (td_io_open_file(td, f))
 333                 return 1;
 334
 335         ret = fio_io_sync(td, f);
 336         td_io_close_file(td, f);
 337         return ret;
 338 }
 339
 340 static inline void __update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 341 {
 342         fio_gettime(&td->tv_cache, NULL);
 343 }
 344
 345 static inline void update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 346 {
 347         if ((++td->tv_cache_nr & td->tv_cache_mask) == td->tv_cache_mask)
 348                 __update_tv_cache(td);
 349 }
 350
 351 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 352 {
 353         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 354                 return 0;
 355         if (!td->o.timeout)
 356                 return 0;
 357         if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout * 1000)
 358                 return 1;
 359
 360         return 0;
 361 }
 362
 363 static int break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 364                                int *retptr)
 365 {
 366         int ret = *retptr;
 367
 368         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 369                 int err = td->error;
 370                 enum error_type_bit eb;
 371
 372                 if (ret < 0)
 373                         err = -ret;
 374
 375                 eb = td_error_type(ddir, err);
 376                 if (!(td->o.continue_on_error & (1 << eb)))
 377                         return 1;
 378
 379                 if (td_non_fatal_error(td, eb, err)) {
 380                         /*
 381                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 382                          * a non fatal error.
 383                          */
 384                         update_error_count(td, err);
 385                         td_clear_error(td);
 386                         *retptr = 0;
 387                         return 0;
 388                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
 389                         /*
 390                          * We expect to hit this error if
 391                          * fill_device option is set.
 392                          */
 393                         td_clear_error(td);
 394                         td->terminate = 1;
 395                         return 1;
 396                 } else {
 397                         /*
 398                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 399                          * error.
 400                          */
 401                         update_error_count(td, err);
 402                         return 1;
 403                 }
 404         }
 405
 406         return 0;
 407 }
 408
 409 static void check_update_rusage(struct thread_data *td)
 410 {
 411         if (td->update_rusage) {
 412                 td->update_rusage = 0;
 413                 update_rusage_stat(td);
 414                 fio_mutex_up(td->rusage_sem);
 415         }
 416 }
 417
 418 /*
 419  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 420  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 421  */
 422 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
 423 {
 424         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 425         struct fio_file *f;
 426         struct io_u *io_u;
 427         int ret, min_events;
 428         unsigned int i;
 429
 430         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 431
 432         /*
 433          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 434          * read from disk.
 435          */
 436         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 437                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 438                         continue;
 439                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 440                         break;
 441                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 442                         break;
 443         }
 444
 445         check_update_rusage(td);
 446
 447         if (td->error)
 448                 return;
 449
 450         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 451
 452         io_u = NULL;
 453         while (!td->terminate) {
 454                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 455                 int ret2, full;
 456
 457                 update_tv_cache(td);
 458                 check_update_rusage(td);
 459
 460                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 461                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 462                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 463                                 td->terminate = 1;
 464                                 break;
 465                         }
 466                 }
 467
 468                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 469                         continue;
 470
 471                 if (!td->o.experimental_verify) {
 472                         io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 473                         if (!io_u)
 474                                 break;
 475
 476                         if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 477                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 478                                 break;
 479                         }
 480
 481                         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 482                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 483                                 break;
 484                         }
 485                 } else {
 486                         if (ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
 487                                 break;
 488
 489                         while ((io_u = get_io_u(td)) != NULL) {
 490                                 /*
 491                                  * We are only interested in the places where
 492                                  * we wrote or trimmed IOs. Turn those into
 493                                  * reads for verification purposes.
 494                                  */
 495                                 if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ) {
 496                                         /*
 497                                          * Pretend we issued it for rwmix
 498                                          * accounting
 499                                          */
 500                                         td->io_issues[DDIR_READ]++;
 501                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 502                                         continue;
 503                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_TRIM) {
 504                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 505                                         io_u->flags |= IO_U_F_TRIMMED;
 506                                         break;
 507                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE) {
 508                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 509                                         break;
 510                                 } else {
 511                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 512                                         continue;
 513                                 }
 514                         }
 515
 516                         if (!io_u)
 517                                 break;
 518                 }
 519
 520                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 521                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 522                 else
 523                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 524
 525                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 526
 527                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 528                 switch (ret) {
 529                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 530                         if (io_u->error) {
 531                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 532                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 533                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 534                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 535
 536                                 /*
 537                                  * zero read, fail
 538                                  */
 539                                 if (!bytes) {
 540                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 541                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 542                                         break;
 543                                 }
 544
 545                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 546                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 547                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 548
 549                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 550                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 551
 552                                 f = io_u->file;
 553                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 554                                         goto sync_done;
 555
 556                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 557                         } else {
 558 sync_done:
 559                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 560                                 if (ret < 0)
 561                                         break;
 562                         }
 563                         continue;
 564                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 565                         break;
 566                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 567                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 568                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 569                         if (ret2 < 0)
 570                                 ret = ret2;
 571                         break;
 572                 default:
 573                         assert(ret < 0);
 574                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 575                         break;
 576                 }
 577
 578                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 579                         break;
 580
 581                 /*
 582                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 583                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 584                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 585                  */
 586                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 587                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 588                         min_events = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 589                                          td->cur_depth);
 590                         /*
 591                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 592                          */
 593                         if (full && !min_events)
 594                                 min_events = 1;
 595
 596                         do {
 597                                 /*
 598                                  * Reap required number of io units, if any,
 599                                  * and do the verification on them through
 600                                  * the callback handler
 601                                  */
 602                                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, bytes_done) < 0) {
 603                                         ret = -1;
 604                                         break;
 605                                 }
 606                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 607                 }
 608                 if (ret < 0)
 609                         break;
 610         }
 611
 612         check_update_rusage(td);
 613
 614         if (!td->error) {
 615                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 616
 617                 if (min_events)
 618                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL);
 619         } else
 620                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 621
 622         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 623
 624         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 625 }
 626
 627 static int io_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 628 {
 629         unsigned long long bytes;
 630
 631         if (td_rw(td))
 632                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 633         else if (td_write(td))
 634                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 635         else if (td_read(td))
 636                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 637         else
 638                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
 639
 640         return bytes >= td->o.size;
 641 }
 642
 643 /*
 644  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 645  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 646  *
 647  * Returns number of bytes written and trimmed.
 648  */
 649 static uint64_t do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 650 {
 651         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 652         unsigned int i;
 653         int ret = 0;
 654
 655         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 656                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 657         else
 658                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 659
 660         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 661                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
 662                 td->o.time_based) {
 663                 struct timeval comp_time;
 664                 int min_evts = 0;
 665                 struct io_u *io_u;
 666                 int ret2, full;
 667                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 668
 669                 check_update_rusage(td);
 670
 671                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
 672                         break;
 673
 674                 update_tv_cache(td);
 675
 676                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 677                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 678                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 679                                 td->terminate = 1;
 680                                 break;
 681                         }
 682                 }
 683
 684                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 685                         continue;
 686
 687                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 688                 if (!io_u)
 689                         break;
 690
 691                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 692
 693                 /*
 694                  * Add verification end_io handler if:
 695                  *      - Asked to verify (!td_rw(td))
 696                  *      - Or the io_u is from our verify list (mixed write/ver)
 697                  */
 698                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
 699                     ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_VER_LIST) || !td_rw(td))) {
 700                         if (td->o.verify_async)
 701                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 702                         else
 703                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 704                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 705                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
 706                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 707                 else
 708                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 709
 710                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 711                 switch (ret) {
 712                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 713                         if (io_u->error) {
 714                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 715                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 716                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 717                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 718                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 719
 720                                 /*
 721                                  * zero read, fail
 722                                  */
 723                                 if (!bytes) {
 724                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 725                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 726                                         break;
 727                                 }
 728
 729                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 730                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 731                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 732
 733                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 734                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 735
 736                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 737                                         goto sync_done;
 738
 739                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 740                         } else {
 741 sync_done:
 742                                 if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 743                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 744                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 745                                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 746
 747                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 748                                 if (ret < 0)
 749                                         break;
 750                         }
 751                         break;
 752                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 753                         /*
 754                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 755                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 756                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 757                          */
 758                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 759                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 760                         break;
 761                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 762                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 763                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 764                         if (ret2 < 0)
 765                                 ret = ret2;
 766                         break;
 767                 default:
 768                         assert(ret < 0);
 769                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 770                         break;
 771                 }
 772
 773                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 774                         break;
 775
 776                 /*
 777                  * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that we
 778                  * can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the system is
 779                  * resource starved.
 780                  */
 781                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 782                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 783                         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 784                                         td->cur_depth);
 785                         /*
 786                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 787                          */
 788                         if (full && !min_evts)
 789                                 min_evts = 1;
 790
 791                         if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 792                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 793                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 794                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 795
 796                         do {
 797                                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts, bytes_done);
 798                                 if (ret < 0)
 799                                         break;
 800
 801                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 802                 }
 803
 804                 if (ret < 0)
 805                         break;
 806                 if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) && !(td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO))
 807                         continue;
 808
 809                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td, bytes_done)) {
 810                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time, bytes_done)) {
 811                                 if (exitall_on_terminate)
 812                                         fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 813                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
 814                                 break;
 815                         }
 816                 }
 817
 818                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 819                         unsigned long long b;
 820
 821                         b = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
 822                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 823                                 int left;
 824
 825                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 826                                         usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 827
 828                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 829                                 if (left)
 830                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 831                         }
 832                 }
 833         }
 834
 835         check_update_rusage(td);
 836
 837         if (td->trim_entries)
 838                 log_err("fio: %d trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
 839
 840         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
 841                 td->error = 0;
 842                 td->terminate = 1;
 843         }
 844         if (!td->error) {
 845                 struct fio_file *f;
 846
 847                 i = td->cur_depth;
 848                 if (i) {
 849                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i, bytes_done);
 850                         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
 851                                 td->error = 0;
 852                 }
 853
 854                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 855                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 856
 857                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 858                                 if (!fio_file_fsync(td, f))
 859                                         continue;
 860
 861                                 log_err("fio: end_fsync failed for file %s\n",
 862                                                                 f->file_name);
 863                         }
 864                 }
 865         } else
 866                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 867
 868         /*
 869          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
 870          */
 871         if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_bytes))
 872                 td->done = 1;
 873
 874         return bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] + bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
 875 }
 876
 877 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 878 {
 879         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 880         struct io_u *io_u;
 881
 882         flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
 883                 io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 884
 885                 flist_del(&io_u->list);
 886
 887                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_free)
 888                         td->io_ops->io_u_free(td, io_u);
 889
 890                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u));
 891         }
 892
 893         free_io_mem(td);
 894 }
 895
 896 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 897 {
 898         struct io_u *io_u;
 899         unsigned int max_bs, min_write;
 900         int cl_align, i, max_units;
 901         int data_xfer = 1;
 902         char *p;
 903
 904         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 905         max_bs = td_max_bs(td);
 906         min_write = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 907         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
 908                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 909
 910         if ((td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO) || !(td_read(td) || td_write(td)))
 911                 data_xfer = 0;
 912
 913         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
 914                 unsigned long bs;
 915
 916                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
 917                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
 918         }
 919
 920         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
 921                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
 922                 return 1;
 923         }
 924
 925         if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
 926                 return 1;
 927
 928         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
 929             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 930                 p = PAGE_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer) + td->o.mem_align;
 931         else
 932                 p = td->orig_buffer;
 933
 934         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
 935
 936         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 937                 void *ptr;
 938
 939                 if (td->terminate)
 940                         return 1;
 941
 942                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u));
 943                 if (!ptr) {
 944                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
 945                         break;
 946                 }
 947
 948                 io_u = ptr;
 949                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 950                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);
 951                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
 952
 953                 if (data_xfer) {
 954                         io_u->buf = p;
 955                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
 956
 957                         if (td_write(td))
 958                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, min_write, max_bs);
 959                         if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
 960                                 /*
 961                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
 962                                  * going to be doing writes.
 963                                  */
 964                                 fill_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
 965                         }
 966                 }
 967
 968                 io_u->index = i;
 969                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
 970                 flist_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
 971
 972                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_init) {
 973                         int ret = td->io_ops->io_u_init(td, io_u);
 974
 975                         if (ret) {
 976                                 log_err("fio: failed to init engine data: %d\n", ret);
 977                                 return 1;
 978                         }
 979                 }
 980
 981                 p += max_bs;
 982         }
 983
 984         return 0;
 985 }
 986
 987 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 988 {
 989         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
 990         FILE *f;
 991         int ret;
 992
 993         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
 994                 return 0;
 995
 996         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
 997
 998         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
 999         if (!f) {
1000                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1001                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
1002                                 " switching\n");
1003                         return 0;
1004                 }
1005                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
1006                 return 1;
1007         }
1008
1009         /*
1010          * Set io scheduler.
1011          */
1012         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
1013         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
1014                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
1015                 fclose(f);
1016                 return 1;
1017         }
1018
1019         rewind(f);
1020
1021         /*
1022          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
1023          */
1024         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
1025         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
1026                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
1027                 fclose(f);
1028                 return 1;
1029         }
1030
1031         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
1032         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
1033                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
1034                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
1035                 fclose(f);
1036                 return 1;
1037         }
1038
1039         fclose(f);
1040         return 0;
1041 }
1042
1043 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
1044 {
1045         if (td->done)
1046                 return 0;
1047         if (td->o.time_based)
1048                 return 1;
1049         if (td->o.loops) {
1050                 td->o.loops--;
1051                 return 1;
1052         }
1053
1054         if (td->o.size != -1ULL && ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes) < td->o.size) {
1055                 uint64_t diff;
1056
1057                 /*
1058                  * If the difference is less than the minimum IO size, we
1059                  * are done.
1060                  */
1061                 diff = td->o.size - ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes);
1062                 if (diff < td_max_bs(td))
1063                         return 0;
1064
1065                 return 1;
1066         }
1067
1068         return 0;
1069 }
1070
1071 static int exec_string(const char *string)
1072 {
1073         int ret, newlen = strlen(string) + 1 + 8;
1074         char *str;
1075
1076         str = malloc(newlen);
1077         sprintf(str, "sh -c %s", string);
1078
1079         ret = system(str);
1080         if (ret == -1)
1081                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
1082
1083         free(str);
1084         return ret;
1085 }
1086
1087 /*
1088  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
1089  * here as well, after a little setup.
1090  */
1091 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1092 {
1093         unsigned long long elapsed;
1094         struct thread_data *td = data;
1095         pthread_condattr_t attr;
1096         int clear_state;
1097
1098         if (!td->o.use_thread) {
1099                 setsid();
1100                 td->pid = getpid();
1101         } else
1102                 td->pid = gettid();
1103
1104         fio_local_clock_init(td->o.use_thread);
1105
1106         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1107
1108         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
1109         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
1110         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_requeues);
1111         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1112         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1113         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1114         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1115         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->next_rand_list);
1116         pthread_mutex_init(&td->io_u_lock, NULL);
1117         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1118
1119         pthread_condattr_init(&attr);
1120         pthread_cond_init(&td->verify_cond, &attr);
1121         pthread_cond_init(&td->free_cond, &attr);
1122
1123         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1124         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_mutex\n");
1125         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1126         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->mutex\n");
1127         fio_mutex_down(td->mutex);
1128         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->mutex\n");
1129
1130         /*
1131          * the ->mutex mutex is now no longer used, close it to avoid
1132          * eating a file descriptor
1133          */
1134         fio_mutex_remove(td->mutex);
1135
1136         /*
1137          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1138          * the uid.
1139          */
1140         if (td->o.gid != -1U && setgid(td->o.gid)) {
1141                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1142                 goto err;
1143         }
1144         if (td->o.uid != -1U && setuid(td->o.uid)) {
1145                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1146                 goto err;
1147         }
1148
1149         /*
1150          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1151          * thread from this job
1152          */
1153         if (td->o.gtod_cpu)
1154                 fio_cpu_clear(&td->o.cpumask, td->o.gtod_cpu);
1155
1156         /*
1157          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1158          * allocations.
1159          */
1160         if (td->o.cpumask_set && fio_setaffinity(td->pid, td->o.cpumask) == -1) {
1161                 td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1162                 goto err;
1163         }
1164
1165 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBNUMA
1166         /* numa node setup */
1167         if (td->o.numa_cpumask_set || td->o.numa_memmask_set) {
1168                 int ret;
1169
1170                 if (numa_available() < 0) {
1171                         td_verror(td, errno, "Does not support NUMA API\n");
1172                         goto err;
1173                 }
1174
1175                 if (td->o.numa_cpumask_set) {
1176                         ret = numa_run_on_node_mask(td->o.numa_cpunodesmask);
1177                         if (ret == -1) {
1178                                 td_verror(td, errno, \
1179                                         "numa_run_on_node_mask failed\n");
1180                                 goto err;
1181                         }
1182                 }
1183
1184                 if (td->o.numa_memmask_set) {
1185
1186                         switch (td->o.numa_mem_mode) {
1187                         case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
1188                                 numa_set_interleave_mask(td->o.numa_memnodesmask);
1189                                 break;
1190                         case MPOL_BIND:
1191                                 numa_set_membind(td->o.numa_memnodesmask);
1192                                 break;
1193                         case MPOL_LOCAL:
1194                                 numa_set_localalloc();
1195                                 break;
1196                         case MPOL_PREFERRED:
1197                                 numa_set_preferred(td->o.numa_mem_prefer_node);
1198                                 break;
1199                         case MPOL_DEFAULT:
1200                         default:
1201                                 break;
1202                         }
1203
1204                 }
1205         }
1206 #endif
1207
1208         /*
1209          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1210          * do this first.
1211          */
1212         if (init_iolog(td))
1213                 goto err;
1214
1215         if (init_io_u(td))
1216                 goto err;
1217
1218         if (td->o.verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1219                 goto err;
1220
1221         if (td->ioprio_set) {
1222                 if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
1223                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1224                         goto err;
1225                 }
1226         }
1227
1228         if (td->o.cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1229                 goto err;
1230
1231         errno = 0;
1232         if (nice(td->o.nice) == -1 && errno != 0) {
1233                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1234                 goto err;
1235         }
1236
1237         if (td->o.ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1238                 goto err;
1239
1240         if (!td->o.create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1241                 goto err;
1242
1243         if (td_io_init(td))
1244                 goto err;
1245
1246         if (init_random_map(td))
1247                 goto err;
1248
1249         if (td->o.exec_prerun) {
1250                 if (exec_string(td->o.exec_prerun))
1251                         goto err;
1252         }
1253
1254         if (td->o.pre_read) {
1255                 if (pre_read_files(td) < 0)
1256                         goto err;
1257         }
1258
1259         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
1260         fio_getrusage(&td->ru_start);
1261         clear_state = 0;
1262         while (keep_running(td)) {
1263                 uint64_t verify_bytes;
1264
1265                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1266                 memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1267                 memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1268                 memcpy(&td->tv_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1269
1270                 if (td->o.ratemin[DDIR_READ] || td->o.ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
1271                                 td->o.ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1272                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
1273                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1274                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
1275                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1276                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
1277                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1278                 }
1279
1280                 if (clear_state)
1281                         clear_io_state(td);
1282
1283                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1284
1285                 verify_bytes = do_io(td);
1286
1287                 clear_state = 1;
1288
1289                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
1290                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1291                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
1292                 }
1293                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
1294                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1295                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
1296                 }
1297                 if (td_trim(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1298                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1299                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] += elapsed;
1300                 }
1301
1302                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1303                         break;
1304
1305                 if (!td->o.do_verify ||
1306                     td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1307                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
1308                         continue;
1309
1310                 clear_io_state(td);
1311
1312                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1313
1314                 do_verify(td, verify_bytes);
1315
1316                 td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
1317
1318                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1319                         break;
1320         }
1321
1322         update_rusage_stat(td);
1323         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] + 999) / 1000;
1324         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] + 999) / 1000;
1325         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] + 999) / 1000;
1326         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1327         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_READ] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
1328         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
1329         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
1330
1331         fio_mutex_down(writeout_mutex);
1332         if (td->bw_log) {
1333                 if (td->o.bw_log_file) {
1334                         finish_log_named(td, td->bw_log,
1335                                                 td->o.bw_log_file, "bw");
1336                 } else
1337                         finish_log(td, td->bw_log, "bw");
1338         }
1339         if (td->lat_log) {
1340                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1341                         finish_log_named(td, td->lat_log,
1342                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "lat");
1343                 } else
1344                         finish_log(td, td->lat_log, "lat");
1345         }
1346         if (td->slat_log) {
1347                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1348                         finish_log_named(td, td->slat_log,
1349                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "slat");
1350                 } else
1351                         finish_log(td, td->slat_log, "slat");
1352         }
1353         if (td->clat_log) {
1354                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1355                         finish_log_named(td, td->clat_log,
1356                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "clat");
1357                 } else
1358                         finish_log(td, td->clat_log, "clat");
1359         }
1360         if (td->iops_log) {
1361                 if (td->o.iops_log_file) {
1362                         finish_log_named(td, td->iops_log,
1363                                                 td->o.iops_log_file, "iops");
1364                 } else
1365                         finish_log(td, td->iops_log, "iops");
1366         }
1367
1368         fio_mutex_up(writeout_mutex);
1369         if (td->o.exec_postrun)
1370                 exec_string(td->o.exec_postrun);
1371
1372         if (exitall_on_terminate)
1373                 fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
1374
1375 err:
1376         if (td->error)
1377                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1378                                                         td->verror);
1379
1380         if (td->o.verify_async)
1381                 verify_async_exit(td);
1382
1383         close_and_free_files(td);
1384         cleanup_io_u(td);
1385         close_ioengine(td);
1386         cgroup_shutdown(td, &cgroup_mnt);
1387
1388         if (td->o.cpumask_set) {
1389                 int ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&td->o.cpumask);
1390
1391                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1392         }
1393
1394         /*
1395          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1396          */
1397         if (td->o.write_iolog_file)
1398                 write_iolog_close(td);
1399
1400         fio_mutex_remove(td->rusage_sem);
1401         td->rusage_sem = NULL;
1402
1403         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1404         return (void *) (uintptr_t) td->error;
1405 }
1406
1407
1408 /*
1409  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
1410  * pass it to the thread worker.
1411  */
1412 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
1413 {
1414         struct thread_data *td;
1415         void *data, *ret;
1416
1417 #ifndef __hpux
1418         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
1419         if (data == (void *) -1) {
1420                 int __err = errno;
1421
1422                 perror("shmat");
1423                 return __err;
1424         }
1425 #else
1426         /*
1427          * HP-UX inherits shm mappings?
1428          */
1429         data = threads;
1430 #endif
1431
1432         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
1433         ret = thread_main(td);
1434         shmdt(data);
1435         return (int) (uintptr_t) ret;
1436 }
1437
1438 /*
1439  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1440  */
1441 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, unsigned int *t_rate,
1442                          unsigned int *m_rate)
1443 {
1444         struct thread_data *td;
1445         unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
1446         int i, status, ret;
1447
1448         /*
1449          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
1450          */
1451         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
1452         for_each_td(td, i) {
1453                 int flags = 0;
1454
1455                 /*
1456                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1457                  * io engine
1458                  */
1459                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1460                         cputhreads++;
1461                 else
1462                         realthreads++;
1463
1464                 if (!td->pid) {
1465                         pending++;
1466                         continue;
1467                 }
1468                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1469                         continue;
1470                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1471                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1472                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1473                                 goto reaped;
1474                         }
1475                         continue;
1476                 }
1477
1478                 flags = WNOHANG;
1479                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1480                         flags = 0;
1481
1482                 /*
1483                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1484                  */
1485                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1486                 if (ret < 0) {
1487                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1488                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
1489                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
1490                                 td->sig = ECHILD;
1491                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1492                                 goto reaped;
1493                         }
1494                         perror("waitpid");
1495                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1496                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1497                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1498
1499                                 if (sig != SIGTERM && sig != SIGUSR2)
1500                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
1501                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
1502                                 td->sig = sig;
1503                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1504                                 goto reaped;
1505                         }
1506                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1507                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1508                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1509
1510                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1511                                 goto reaped;
1512                         }
1513                 }
1514
1515                 /*
1516                  * thread is not dead, continue
1517                  */
1518                 pending++;
1519                 continue;
1520 reaped:
1521                 (*nr_running)--;
1522                 (*m_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1523                 (*t_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1524                 if (!td->pid)
1525                         pending--;
1526
1527                 if (td->error)
1528                         exit_value++;
1529
1530                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
1531         }
1532
1533         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
1534                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1535 }
1536
1537 /*
1538  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1539  */
1540 static void run_threads(void)
1541 {
1542         struct thread_data *td;
1543         unsigned long spent;
1544         unsigned int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1545
1546         if (fio_pin_memory())
1547                 return;
1548
1549         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
1550                 return;
1551
1552         fio_idle_prof_init();
1553
1554         set_sig_handlers();
1555
1556         if (output_format == FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
1557                 log_info("Starting ");
1558                 if (nr_thread)
1559                         log_info("%d thread%s", nr_thread,
1560                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1561                 if (nr_process) {
1562                         if (nr_thread)
1563                                 log_info(" and ");
1564                         log_info("%d process%s", nr_process,
1565                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1566                 }
1567                 log_info("\n");
1568                 fflush(stdout);
1569         }
1570
1571         todo = thread_number;
1572         nr_running = 0;
1573         nr_started = 0;
1574         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1575
1576         for_each_td(td, i) {
1577                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1578
1579                 if (!td->o.create_serialize)
1580                         continue;
1581
1582                 /*
1583                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1584                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1585                  * client data interspersed on disk
1586                  */
1587                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1588                         exit_value++;
1589                         if (td->error)
1590                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
1591                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1592                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1593                         todo--;
1594                 } else {
1595                         struct fio_file *f;
1596                         unsigned int j;
1597
1598                         /*
1599                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
1600                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
1601                          * for creation
1602                          */
1603                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
1604                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
1605                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
1606                         }
1607                 }
1608         }
1609
1610         /* start idle threads before io threads start to run */
1611         fio_idle_prof_start();
1612
1613         set_genesis_time();
1614
1615         while (todo) {
1616                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
1617                 struct timeval this_start;
1618                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1619
1620                 /*
1621                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1622                  */
1623                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1624                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1625                                 continue;
1626
1627                         /*
1628                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1629                          * thread for some reason
1630                          */
1631                         if (td->terminate) {
1632                                 todo--;
1633                                 continue;
1634                         }
1635
1636                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1637                                 spent = mtime_since_genesis();
1638
1639                                 if (td->o.start_delay * 1000 > spent)
1640                                         continue;
1641                         }
1642
1643                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
1644                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
1645                                                         td->o.name);
1646                                 break;
1647                         }
1648
1649                         init_disk_util(td);
1650
1651                         td->rusage_sem = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1652                         td->update_rusage = 0;
1653
1654                         /*
1655                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1656                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1657                          */
1658                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1659                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1660                         nr_started++;
1661
1662                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1663                                 int ret;
1664
1665                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
1666                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
1667                                                         thread_main, td);
1668                                 if (ret) {
1669                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
1670                                                         strerror(ret));
1671                                         nr_started--;
1672                                         break;
1673                                 }
1674                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
1675                                 if (ret)
1676                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
1677                                                         strerror(ret));
1678                         } else {
1679                                 pid_t pid;
1680                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
1681                                 pid = fork();
1682                                 if (!pid) {
1683                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1684
1685                                         _exit(ret);
1686                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
1687                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
1688                         }
1689                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1690                         if (fio_mutex_down_timeout(startup_mutex, 10)) {
1691                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
1692                                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1693                                 fio_abort = 1;
1694                                 nr_started--;
1695                                 break;
1696                         }
1697                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1698                 }
1699
1700                 /*
1701                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1702                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1703                  */
1704                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1705                 left = this_jobs;
1706                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1707                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1708                                 break;
1709
1710                         usleep(100000);
1711
1712                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1713                                 td = map[i];
1714                                 if (!td)
1715                                         continue;
1716                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1717                                         map[i] = NULL;
1718                                         left--;
1719                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1720                                         map[i] = NULL;
1721                                         left--;
1722                                         todo--;
1723                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1724                                 }
1725                         }
1726                 }
1727
1728                 if (left) {
1729                         log_err("fio: %d job%s failed to start\n", left,
1730                                         left > 1 ? "s" : "");
1731                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1732                                 td = map[i];
1733                                 if (!td)
1734                                         continue;
1735                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1736                         }
1737                         break;
1738                 }
1739
1740                 /*
1741                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1742                  */
1743                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1744                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1745                                 continue;
1746
1747                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
1748                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1749                         else
1750                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1751                         nr_running++;
1752                         nr_started--;
1753                         m_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1754                         t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1755                         todo--;
1756                         fio_mutex_up(td->mutex);
1757                 }
1758
1759                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1760
1761                 if (todo) {
1762                         if (is_backend)
1763                                 fio_server_idle_loop();
1764                         else
1765                                 usleep(100000);
1766                 }
1767         }
1768
1769         while (nr_running) {
1770                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1771
1772                 if (is_backend)
1773                         fio_server_idle_loop();
1774                 else
1775                         usleep(10000);
1776         }
1777
1778         fio_idle_prof_stop();
1779
1780         update_io_ticks();
1781         fio_unpin_memory();
1782 }
1783
1784 void wait_for_disk_thread_exit(void)
1785 {
1786         fio_mutex_down(disk_thread_mutex);
1787 }
1788
1789 static void free_disk_util(void)
1790 {
1791         disk_util_start_exit();
1792         wait_for_disk_thread_exit();
1793         disk_util_prune_entries();
1794 }
1795
1796 static void *disk_thread_main(void *data)
1797 {
1798         int ret = 0;
1799
1800         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1801
1802         while (threads && !ret) {
1803                 usleep(DISK_UTIL_MSEC * 1000);
1804                 if (!threads)
1805                         break;
1806                 ret = update_io_ticks();
1807
1808                 if (!is_backend)
1809                         print_thread_status();
1810         }
1811
1812         fio_mutex_up(disk_thread_mutex);
1813         return NULL;
1814 }
1815
1816 static int create_disk_util_thread(void)
1817 {
1818         int ret;
1819
1820         setup_disk_util();
1821
1822         disk_thread_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1823
1824         ret = pthread_create(&disk_util_thread, NULL, disk_thread_main, NULL);
1825         if (ret) {
1826                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1827                 log_err("Can't create disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1828                 return 1;
1829         }
1830
1831         ret = pthread_detach(disk_util_thread);
1832         if (ret) {
1833                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1834                 log_err("Can't detatch disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1835                 return 1;
1836         }
1837
1838         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1839         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
1840         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1841         return 0;
1842 }
1843
1844 int fio_backend(void)
1845 {
1846         struct thread_data *td;
1847         int i;
1848
1849         if (exec_profile) {
1850                 if (load_profile(exec_profile))
1851                         return 1;
1852                 free(exec_profile);
1853                 exec_profile = NULL;
1854         }
1855         if (!thread_number)
1856                 return 0;
1857
1858         if (write_bw_log) {
1859                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], 0);
1860                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE], 0);
1861                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], 0);
1862         }
1863
1864         startup_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1865         if (startup_mutex == NULL)
1866                 return 1;
1867         writeout_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_UNLOCKED);
1868         if (writeout_mutex == NULL)
1869                 return 1;
1870
1871         set_genesis_time();
1872         create_disk_util_thread();
1873
1874         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
1875         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
1876
1877         run_threads();
1878
1879         if (!fio_abort) {
1880                 show_run_stats();
1881                 if (write_bw_log) {
1882                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], "agg-read_bw.log");
1883                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],
1884                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1885                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM],
1886                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1887                 }
1888         }
1889
1890         for_each_td(td, i)
1891                 fio_options_free(td);
1892
1893         free_disk_util();
1894         cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
1895         sfree(cgroup_list);
1896         sfree(cgroup_mnt);
1897
1898         fio_mutex_remove(startup_mutex);
1899         fio_mutex_remove(writeout_mutex);
1900         fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1901         return exit_value;
1902 }