backend.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <time.h>
  30 #include <locale.h>
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <inttypes.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  37 #ifndef FIO_NO_HAVE_SHM_H
  38 #include <sys/shm.h>
  39 #endif
  40 #include <sys/mman.h>
  41
  42 #include "fio.h"
  43 #include "hash.h"
  44 #include "smalloc.h"
  45 #include "verify.h"
  46 #include "trim.h"
  47 #include "diskutil.h"
  48 #include "cgroup.h"
  49 #include "profile.h"
  50 #include "lib/rand.h"
  51 #include "memalign.h"
  52 #include "server.h"
  53
  54 static pthread_t disk_util_thread;
  55 static struct fio_mutex *disk_thread_mutex;
  56 static struct fio_mutex *startup_mutex;
  57 static struct fio_mutex *writeout_mutex;
  58 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  59 static char *cgroup_mnt;
  60 static int exit_value;
  61 static volatile int fio_abort;
  62
  63 struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
  64
  65 int groupid = 0;
  66 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
  67 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
  68 unsigned int nr_process = 0;
  69 unsigned int nr_thread = 0;
  70 int shm_id = 0;
  71 int temp_stall_ts;
  72 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  73 volatile int disk_util_exit = 0;
  74
  75 #define PAGE_ALIGN(buf) \
  76         (char *) (((uintptr_t) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  77
  78 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  79
  80 static void sig_int(int sig)
  81 {
  82         if (threads) {
  83                 if (is_backend)
  84                         fio_server_got_signal(sig);
  85                 else {
  86                         log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  87                         fflush(stdout);
  88                         exit_value = 128;
  89                 }
  90
  91                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
  92         }
  93 }
  94
  95 static void sig_show_status(int sig)
  96 {
  97         show_running_run_stats();
  98 }
  99
 100 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 101 {
 102         struct sigaction act;
 103
 104         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 105         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 106         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 107         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 108
 109         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 110         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 111         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 112         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 113
 114 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 115 #ifdef WIN32
 116         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 117         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 118         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 119         sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 120 #endif
 121
 122         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 123         act.sa_handler = sig_show_status;
 124         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 125         sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
 126
 127         if (is_backend) {
 128                 memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 129                 act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 130                 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 131                 sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
 132         }
 133 }
 134
 135 /*
 136  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 137  */
 138 static int __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 139                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 140 {
 141         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 142         unsigned long iops = 0;
 143         unsigned long spent;
 144         unsigned long rate;
 145         unsigned int ratemin = 0;
 146         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 147         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 148
 149         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 150
 151         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 152                 return 0;
 153
 154         /*
 155          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 156          */
 157         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 158                 return 0;
 159
 160         iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
 161         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 162         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 163         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 164         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 165
 166         /*
 167          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 168          */
 169         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 170                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 171                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 172                         return 0;
 173
 174                 if (td->o.rate[ddir]) {
 175                         /*
 176                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 177                          */
 178                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 179                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name,
 180                                                                 ratemin);
 181                                 return 1;
 182                         } else {
 183                                 rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 184                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 185                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 186                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got"
 187                                                 " %luKB/sec\n", td->o.name,
 188                                                         ratemin, rate);
 189                                         return 1;
 190                                 }
 191                         }
 192                 } else {
 193                         /*
 194                          * checks iops specified rate
 195                          */
 196                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 197                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n",
 198                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops);
 199                                 return 1;
 200                         } else {
 201                                 rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 202                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 203                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 204                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met,"
 205                                                 " got %lu\n", td->o.name,
 206                                                         rate_iops_min, rate);
 207                                 }
 208                         }
 209                 }
 210         }
 211
 212         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 213         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 214         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 215         return 0;
 216 }
 217
 218 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 219                           uint64_t *bytes_done)
 220 {
 221         int ret = 0;
 222
 223         if (bytes_done[DDIR_READ])
 224                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_READ);
 225         if (bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE])
 226                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_WRITE);
 227         if (bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM])
 228                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_TRIM);
 229
 230         return ret;
 231 }
 232
 233 /*
 234  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 235  * io. Attempt to do so.
 236  */
 237 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 238 {
 239         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 240         struct io_u *io_u;
 241         int r;
 242
 243         /*
 244          * get immediately available events, if any
 245          */
 246         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0, NULL);
 247         if (r < 0)
 248                 return;
 249
 250         /*
 251          * now cancel remaining active events
 252          */
 253         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 254                 flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
 255                         io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 256
 257                         /*
 258                          * if the io_u isn't in flight, then that generally
 259                          * means someone leaked an io_u. complain but fix
 260                          * it up, so we don't stall here.
 261                          */
 262                         if ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) == 0) {
 263                                 log_err("fio: non-busy IO on busy list\n");
 264                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 265                         } else {
 266                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 267                                 if (!r)
 268                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 269                         }
 270                 }
 271         }
 272
 273         if (td->cur_depth)
 274                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 275 }
 276
 277 /*
 278  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 279  * io path, just does everything sync.
 280  */
 281 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 282 {
 283         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 284         int ret;
 285
 286         if (!io_u)
 287                 return 1;
 288
 289         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 290         io_u->file = f;
 291
 292         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 293                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 294                 return 1;
 295         }
 296
 297 requeue:
 298         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 299         if (ret < 0) {
 300                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 301                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 302                 return 1;
 303         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 304                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1, NULL) < 0)
 305                         return 1;
 306         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 307                 if (io_u->error) {
 308                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 309                         return 1;
 310                 }
 311
 312                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL) < 0)
 313                         return 1;
 314         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 315                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 316                         return 1;
 317                 goto requeue;
 318         }
 319
 320         return 0;
 321 }
 322
 323 static inline void __update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 324 {
 325         fio_gettime(&td->tv_cache, NULL);
 326 }
 327
 328 static inline void update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 329 {
 330         if ((++td->tv_cache_nr & td->tv_cache_mask) == td->tv_cache_mask)
 331                 __update_tv_cache(td);
 332 }
 333
 334 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 335 {
 336         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 337                 return 0;
 338         if (!td->o.timeout)
 339                 return 0;
 340         if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout * 1000)
 341                 return 1;
 342
 343         return 0;
 344 }
 345
 346 static int break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 347                                int *retptr)
 348 {
 349         int ret = *retptr;
 350
 351         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 352                 int err = td->error;
 353                 enum error_type_bit eb;
 354
 355                 if (ret < 0)
 356                         err = -ret;
 357
 358                 eb = td_error_type(ddir, err);
 359                 if (!(td->o.continue_on_error & (1 << eb)))
 360                         return 1;
 361
 362                 if (td_non_fatal_error(td, eb, err)) {
 363                         /*
 364                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 365                          * a non fatal error.
 366                          */
 367                         update_error_count(td, err);
 368                         td_clear_error(td);
 369                         *retptr = 0;
 370                         return 0;
 371                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
 372                         /*
 373                          * We expect to hit this error if
 374                          * fill_device option is set.
 375                          */
 376                         td_clear_error(td);
 377                         td->terminate = 1;
 378                         return 1;
 379                 } else {
 380                         /*
 381                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 382                          * error.
 383                          */
 384                         update_error_count(td, err);
 385                         return 1;
 386                 }
 387         }
 388
 389         return 0;
 390 }
 391
 392 /*
 393  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 394  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 395  */
 396 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
 397 {
 398         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 399         struct fio_file *f;
 400         struct io_u *io_u;
 401         int ret, min_events;
 402         unsigned int i;
 403
 404         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 405
 406         /*
 407          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 408          * read from disk.
 409          */
 410         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 411                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 412                         continue;
 413                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 414                         break;
 415                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 416                         break;
 417         }
 418
 419         if (td->error)
 420                 return;
 421
 422         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 423
 424         io_u = NULL;
 425         while (!td->terminate) {
 426                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 427                 int ret2, full;
 428
 429                 update_tv_cache(td);
 430
 431                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 432                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 433                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 434                                 td->terminate = 1;
 435                                 break;
 436                         }
 437                 }
 438
 439                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 440                         continue;
 441
 442                 if (!td->o.experimental_verify) {
 443                         io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 444                         if (!io_u)
 445                                 break;
 446
 447                         if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 448                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 449                                 break;
 450                         }
 451
 452                         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 453                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 454                                 break;
 455                         }
 456                 } else {
 457                         if (ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
 458                                 break;
 459
 460                         while ((io_u = get_io_u(td)) != NULL) {
 461                                 /*
 462                                  * We are only interested in the places where
 463                                  * we wrote or trimmed IOs. Turn those into
 464                                  * reads for verification purposes.
 465                                  */
 466                                 if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ) {
 467                                         /*
 468                                          * Pretend we issued it for rwmix
 469                                          * accounting
 470                                          */
 471                                         td->io_issues[DDIR_READ]++;
 472                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 473                                         continue;
 474                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_TRIM) {
 475                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 476                                         io_u->flags |= IO_U_F_TRIMMED;
 477                                         break;
 478                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE) {
 479                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 480                                         break;
 481                                 } else {
 482                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 483                                         continue;
 484                                 }
 485                         }
 486
 487                         if (!io_u)
 488                                 break;
 489                 }
 490
 491                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 492                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 493                 else
 494                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 495
 496                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 497
 498                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 499                 switch (ret) {
 500                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 501                         if (io_u->error) {
 502                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 503                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 504                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 505                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 506
 507                                 /*
 508                                  * zero read, fail
 509                                  */
 510                                 if (!bytes) {
 511                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 512                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 513                                         break;
 514                                 }
 515
 516                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 517                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 518                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 519
 520                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 521                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 522
 523                                 f = io_u->file;
 524                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 525                                         goto sync_done;
 526
 527                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 528                         } else {
 529 sync_done:
 530                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 531                                 if (ret < 0)
 532                                         break;
 533                         }
 534                         continue;
 535                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 536                         break;
 537                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 538                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 539                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 540                         if (ret2 < 0)
 541                                 ret = ret2;
 542                         break;
 543                 default:
 544                         assert(ret < 0);
 545                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 546                         break;
 547                 }
 548
 549                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 550                         break;
 551
 552                 /*
 553                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 554                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 555                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 556                  */
 557                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 558                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 559                         min_events = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 560                                          td->cur_depth);
 561                         /*
 562                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 563                          */
 564                         if (full && !min_events)
 565                                 min_events = 1;
 566
 567                         do {
 568                                 /*
 569                                  * Reap required number of io units, if any,
 570                                  * and do the verification on them through
 571                                  * the callback handler
 572                                  */
 573                                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, bytes_done) < 0) {
 574                                         ret = -1;
 575                                         break;
 576                                 }
 577                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 578                 }
 579                 if (ret < 0)
 580                         break;
 581         }
 582
 583         if (!td->error) {
 584                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 585
 586                 if (min_events)
 587                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL);
 588         } else
 589                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 590
 591         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 592
 593         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 594 }
 595
 596 static int io_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 597 {
 598         unsigned long long bytes;
 599
 600         if (td_rw(td))
 601                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 602         else if (td_write(td))
 603                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 604         else if (td_read(td))
 605                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 606         else
 607                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
 608
 609         return bytes >= td->o.size;
 610 }
 611
 612 /*
 613  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 614  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 615  *
 616  * Returns number of bytes written and trimmed.
 617  */
 618 static uint64_t do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 619 {
 620         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 621         unsigned int i;
 622         int ret = 0;
 623
 624         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 625                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 626         else
 627                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 628
 629         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 630                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
 631                 td->o.time_based) {
 632                 struct timeval comp_time;
 633                 int min_evts = 0;
 634                 struct io_u *io_u;
 635                 int ret2, full;
 636                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 637
 638                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
 639                         break;
 640
 641                 update_tv_cache(td);
 642
 643                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 644                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 645                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 646                                 td->terminate = 1;
 647                                 break;
 648                         }
 649                 }
 650
 651                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 652                         continue;
 653
 654                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 655                 if (!io_u)
 656                         break;
 657
 658                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 659
 660                 /*
 661                  * Add verification end_io handler if:
 662                  *      - Asked to verify (!td_rw(td))
 663                  *      - Or the io_u is from our verify list (mixed write/ver)
 664                  */
 665                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
 666                     ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_VER_LIST) || !td_rw(td))) {
 667                         if (td->o.verify_async)
 668                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 669                         else
 670                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 671                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 672                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
 673                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 674                 else
 675                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 676
 677                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 678                 switch (ret) {
 679                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 680                         if (io_u->error) {
 681                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 682                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 683                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 684                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 685                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 686
 687                                 /*
 688                                  * zero read, fail
 689                                  */
 690                                 if (!bytes) {
 691                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 692                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 693                                         break;
 694                                 }
 695
 696                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 697                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 698                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 699
 700                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 701                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 702
 703                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 704                                         goto sync_done;
 705
 706                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 707                         } else {
 708 sync_done:
 709                                 if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 710                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 711                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 712                                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 713
 714                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 715                                 if (ret < 0)
 716                                         break;
 717                         }
 718                         break;
 719                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 720                         /*
 721                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 722                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 723                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 724                          */
 725                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 726                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 727                         break;
 728                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 729                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 730                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 731                         if (ret2 < 0)
 732                                 ret = ret2;
 733                         break;
 734                 default:
 735                         assert(ret < 0);
 736                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 737                         break;
 738                 }
 739
 740                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 741                         break;
 742
 743                 /*
 744                  * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that we
 745                  * can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the system is
 746                  * resource starved.
 747                  */
 748                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 749                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 750                         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 751                                         td->cur_depth);
 752                         /*
 753                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 754                          */
 755                         if (full && !min_evts)
 756                                 min_evts = 1;
 757
 758                         if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 759                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 760                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 761                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 762
 763                         do {
 764                                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts, bytes_done);
 765                                 if (ret < 0)
 766                                         break;
 767
 768                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 769                 }
 770
 771                 if (ret < 0)
 772                         break;
 773                 if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) && !(td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO))
 774                         continue;
 775
 776                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td, bytes_done)) {
 777                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time, bytes_done)) {
 778                                 if (exitall_on_terminate)
 779                                         fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 780                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
 781                                 break;
 782                         }
 783                 }
 784
 785                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 786                         unsigned long long b;
 787
 788                         b = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
 789                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 790                                 int left;
 791
 792                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 793                                         usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 794
 795                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 796                                 if (left)
 797                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 798                         }
 799                 }
 800         }
 801
 802         if (td->trim_entries)
 803                 log_err("fio: %d trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
 804
 805         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
 806                 td->error = 0;
 807                 td->terminate = 1;
 808         }
 809         if (!td->error) {
 810                 struct fio_file *f;
 811
 812                 i = td->cur_depth;
 813                 if (i) {
 814                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i, NULL);
 815                         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
 816                                 td->error = 0;
 817                 }
 818
 819                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 820                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 821
 822                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 823                                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 824                                         continue;
 825                                 fio_io_sync(td, f);
 826                         }
 827                 }
 828         } else
 829                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 830
 831         /*
 832          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
 833          */
 834         if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_bytes))
 835                 td->done = 1;
 836
 837         return bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] + bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
 838 }
 839
 840 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 841 {
 842         struct flist_head *entry, *n;
 843         struct io_u *io_u;
 844
 845         flist_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
 846                 io_u = flist_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);
 847
 848                 flist_del(&io_u->list);
 849
 850                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_free)
 851                         td->io_ops->io_u_free(td, io_u);
 852
 853                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u));
 854         }
 855
 856         free_io_mem(td);
 857 }
 858
 859 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 860 {
 861         struct io_u *io_u;
 862         unsigned int max_bs, min_write;
 863         int cl_align, i, max_units;
 864         int data_xfer = 1;
 865         char *p;
 866
 867         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 868         max_bs = max(td->o.max_bs[DDIR_READ], td->o.max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]);
 869         max_bs = max(td->o.max_bs[DDIR_TRIM], max_bs);
 870         min_write = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 871         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
 872                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 873
 874         if ((td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO) || !(td_read(td) || td_write(td)))
 875                 data_xfer = 0;
 876
 877         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
 878                 unsigned long bs;
 879
 880                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
 881                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
 882         }
 883
 884         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
 885                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
 886                 return 1;
 887         }
 888
 889         if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
 890                 return 1;
 891
 892         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
 893             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 894                 p = PAGE_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer) + td->o.mem_align;
 895         else
 896                 p = td->orig_buffer;
 897
 898         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
 899
 900         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 901                 void *ptr;
 902
 903                 if (td->terminate)
 904                         return 1;
 905
 906                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u));
 907                 if (!ptr) {
 908                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
 909                         break;
 910                 }
 911
 912                 io_u = ptr;
 913                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 914                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);
 915                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
 916
 917                 if (data_xfer) {
 918                         io_u->buf = p;
 919                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
 920
 921                         if (td_write(td))
 922                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, min_write, max_bs);
 923                         if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
 924                                 /*
 925                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
 926                                  * going to be doing writes.
 927                                  */
 928                                 fill_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
 929                         }
 930                 }
 931
 932                 io_u->index = i;
 933                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
 934                 flist_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
 935
 936                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_init) {
 937                         int ret = td->io_ops->io_u_init(td, io_u);
 938
 939                         if (ret) {
 940                                 log_err("fio: failed to init engine data: %d\n", ret);
 941                                 return 1;
 942                         }
 943                 }
 944
 945                 p += max_bs;
 946         }
 947
 948         return 0;
 949 }
 950
 951 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 952 {
 953         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
 954         FILE *f;
 955         int ret;
 956
 957         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
 958                 return 0;
 959
 960         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
 961
 962         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
 963         if (!f) {
 964                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 965                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
 966                                 " switching\n");
 967                         return 0;
 968                 }
 969                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
 970                 return 1;
 971         }
 972
 973         /*
 974          * Set io scheduler.
 975          */
 976         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
 977         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
 978                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
 979                 fclose(f);
 980                 return 1;
 981         }
 982
 983         rewind(f);
 984
 985         /*
 986          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
 987          */
 988         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
 989         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
 990                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
 991                 fclose(f);
 992                 return 1;
 993         }
 994
 995         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
 996         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
 997                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
 998                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
 999                 fclose(f);
1000                 return 1;
1001         }
1002
1003         fclose(f);
1004         return 0;
1005 }
1006
1007 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
1008 {
1009         if (td->done)
1010                 return 0;
1011         if (td->o.time_based)
1012                 return 1;
1013         if (td->o.loops) {
1014                 td->o.loops--;
1015                 return 1;
1016         }
1017
1018         if (ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes) < td->o.size)
1019                 return 1;
1020
1021         return 0;
1022 }
1023
1024 static int exec_string(const char *string)
1025 {
1026         int ret, newlen = strlen(string) + 1 + 8;
1027         char *str;
1028
1029         str = malloc(newlen);
1030         sprintf(str, "sh -c %s", string);
1031
1032         ret = system(str);
1033         if (ret == -1)
1034                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
1035
1036         free(str);
1037         return ret;
1038 }
1039
1040 /*
1041  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
1042  * here as well, after a little setup.
1043  */
1044 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1045 {
1046         unsigned long long elapsed;
1047         struct thread_data *td = data;
1048         pthread_condattr_t attr;
1049         int clear_state;
1050
1051         if (!td->o.use_thread) {
1052                 setsid();
1053                 td->pid = getpid();
1054         } else
1055                 td->pid = gettid();
1056
1057         fio_local_clock_init(td->o.use_thread);
1058
1059         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1060
1061         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
1062         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
1063         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_requeues);
1064         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1065         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1066         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1067         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1068         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->next_rand_list);
1069         pthread_mutex_init(&td->io_u_lock, NULL);
1070         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1071
1072         pthread_condattr_init(&attr);
1073         pthread_cond_init(&td->verify_cond, &attr);
1074         pthread_cond_init(&td->free_cond, &attr);
1075
1076         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1077         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_mutex\n");
1078         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1079         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->mutex\n");
1080         fio_mutex_down(td->mutex);
1081         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->mutex\n");
1082
1083         /*
1084          * the ->mutex mutex is now no longer used, close it to avoid
1085          * eating a file descriptor
1086          */
1087         fio_mutex_remove(td->mutex);
1088
1089         /*
1090          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1091          * the uid.
1092          */
1093         if (td->o.gid != -1U && setgid(td->o.gid)) {
1094                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1095                 goto err;
1096         }
1097         if (td->o.uid != -1U && setuid(td->o.uid)) {
1098                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1099                 goto err;
1100         }
1101
1102         /*
1103          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1104          * thread from this job
1105          */
1106         if (td->o.gtod_cpu)
1107                 fio_cpu_clear(&td->o.cpumask, td->o.gtod_cpu);
1108
1109         /*
1110          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1111          * allocations.
1112          */
1113         if (td->o.cpumask_set && fio_setaffinity(td->pid, td->o.cpumask) == -1) {
1114                 td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1115                 goto err;
1116         }
1117
1118 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBNUMA
1119         /* numa node setup */
1120         if (td->o.numa_cpumask_set || td->o.numa_memmask_set) {
1121                 int ret;
1122
1123                 if (numa_available() < 0) {
1124                         td_verror(td, errno, "Does not support NUMA API\n");
1125                         goto err;
1126                 }
1127
1128                 if (td->o.numa_cpumask_set) {
1129                         ret = numa_run_on_node_mask(td->o.numa_cpunodesmask);
1130                         if (ret == -1) {
1131                                 td_verror(td, errno, \
1132                                         "numa_run_on_node_mask failed\n");
1133                                 goto err;
1134                         }
1135                 }
1136
1137                 if (td->o.numa_memmask_set) {
1138
1139                         switch (td->o.numa_mem_mode) {
1140                         case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
1141                                 numa_set_interleave_mask(td->o.numa_memnodesmask);
1142                                 break;
1143                         case MPOL_BIND:
1144                                 numa_set_membind(td->o.numa_memnodesmask);
1145                                 break;
1146                         case MPOL_LOCAL:
1147                                 numa_set_localalloc();
1148                                 break;
1149                         case MPOL_PREFERRED:
1150                                 numa_set_preferred(td->o.numa_mem_prefer_node);
1151                                 break;
1152                         case MPOL_DEFAULT:
1153                         default:
1154                                 break;
1155                         }
1156
1157                 }
1158         }
1159 #endif
1160
1161         /*
1162          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1163          * do this first.
1164          */
1165         if (init_iolog(td))
1166                 goto err;
1167
1168         if (init_io_u(td))
1169                 goto err;
1170
1171         if (td->o.verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1172                 goto err;
1173
1174         if (td->ioprio_set) {
1175                 if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
1176                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1177                         goto err;
1178                 }
1179         }
1180
1181         if (td->o.cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1182                 goto err;
1183
1184         errno = 0;
1185         if (nice(td->o.nice) == -1 && errno != 0) {
1186                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1187                 goto err;
1188         }
1189
1190         if (td->o.ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1191                 goto err;
1192
1193         if (!td->o.create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1194                 goto err;
1195
1196         if (td_io_init(td))
1197                 goto err;
1198
1199         if (init_random_map(td))
1200                 goto err;
1201
1202         if (td->o.exec_prerun) {
1203                 if (exec_string(td->o.exec_prerun))
1204                         goto err;
1205         }
1206
1207         if (td->o.pre_read) {
1208                 if (pre_read_files(td) < 0)
1209                         goto err;
1210         }
1211
1212         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
1213         getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ru_start);
1214
1215         clear_state = 0;
1216         while (keep_running(td)) {
1217                 uint64_t verify_bytes;
1218
1219                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1220                 memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1221                 memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1222                 memcpy(&td->tv_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1223
1224                 if (td->o.ratemin[DDIR_READ] || td->o.ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
1225                                 td->o.ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1226                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
1227                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1228                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
1229                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1230                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
1231                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1232                 }
1233
1234                 if (clear_state)
1235                         clear_io_state(td);
1236
1237                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1238
1239                 verify_bytes = do_io(td);
1240
1241                 clear_state = 1;
1242
1243                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
1244                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1245                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
1246                 }
1247                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
1248                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1249                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
1250                 }
1251                 if (td_trim(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1252                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1253                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] += elapsed;
1254                 }
1255
1256                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1257                         break;
1258
1259                 if (!td->o.do_verify ||
1260                     td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1261                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
1262                         continue;
1263
1264                 clear_io_state(td);
1265
1266                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1267
1268                 do_verify(td, verify_bytes);
1269
1270                 td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
1271
1272                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1273                         break;
1274         }
1275
1276         update_rusage_stat(td);
1277         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] + 999) / 1000;
1278         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] + 999) / 1000;
1279         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] + 999) / 1000;
1280         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1281         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_READ] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
1282         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
1283         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
1284
1285         fio_mutex_down(writeout_mutex);
1286         if (td->bw_log) {
1287                 if (td->o.bw_log_file) {
1288                         finish_log_named(td, td->bw_log,
1289                                                 td->o.bw_log_file, "bw");
1290                 } else
1291                         finish_log(td, td->bw_log, "bw");
1292         }
1293         if (td->lat_log) {
1294                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1295                         finish_log_named(td, td->lat_log,
1296                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "lat");
1297                 } else
1298                         finish_log(td, td->lat_log, "lat");
1299         }
1300         if (td->slat_log) {
1301                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1302                         finish_log_named(td, td->slat_log,
1303                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "slat");
1304                 } else
1305                         finish_log(td, td->slat_log, "slat");
1306         }
1307         if (td->clat_log) {
1308                 if (td->o.lat_log_file) {
1309                         finish_log_named(td, td->clat_log,
1310                                                 td->o.lat_log_file, "clat");
1311                 } else
1312                         finish_log(td, td->clat_log, "clat");
1313         }
1314         if (td->iops_log) {
1315                 if (td->o.iops_log_file) {
1316                         finish_log_named(td, td->iops_log,
1317                                                 td->o.iops_log_file, "iops");
1318                 } else
1319                         finish_log(td, td->iops_log, "iops");
1320         }
1321
1322         fio_mutex_up(writeout_mutex);
1323         if (td->o.exec_postrun)
1324                 exec_string(td->o.exec_postrun);
1325
1326         if (exitall_on_terminate)
1327                 fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
1328
1329 err:
1330         if (td->error)
1331                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1332                                                         td->verror);
1333
1334         if (td->o.verify_async)
1335                 verify_async_exit(td);
1336
1337         close_and_free_files(td);
1338         cleanup_io_u(td);
1339         close_ioengine(td);
1340         cgroup_shutdown(td, &cgroup_mnt);
1341
1342         if (td->o.cpumask_set) {
1343                 int ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&td->o.cpumask);
1344
1345                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1346         }
1347
1348         /*
1349          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1350          */
1351         if (td->o.write_iolog_file)
1352                 write_iolog_close(td);
1353
1354         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1355         return (void *) (uintptr_t) td->error;
1356 }
1357
1358
1359 /*
1360  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
1361  * pass it to the thread worker.
1362  */
1363 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
1364 {
1365         struct thread_data *td;
1366         void *data, *ret;
1367
1368 #ifndef __hpux
1369         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
1370         if (data == (void *) -1) {
1371                 int __err = errno;
1372
1373                 perror("shmat");
1374                 return __err;
1375         }
1376 #else
1377         /*
1378          * HP-UX inherits shm mappings?
1379          */
1380         data = threads;
1381 #endif
1382
1383         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
1384         ret = thread_main(td);
1385         shmdt(data);
1386         return (int) (uintptr_t) ret;
1387 }
1388
1389 /*
1390  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1391  */
1392 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, unsigned int *t_rate,
1393                          unsigned int *m_rate)
1394 {
1395         struct thread_data *td;
1396         unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
1397         int i, status, ret;
1398
1399         /*
1400          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
1401          */
1402         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
1403         for_each_td(td, i) {
1404                 int flags = 0;
1405
1406                 /*
1407                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1408                  * io engine
1409                  */
1410                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1411                         cputhreads++;
1412                 else
1413                         realthreads++;
1414
1415                 if (!td->pid) {
1416                         pending++;
1417                         continue;
1418                 }
1419                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1420                         continue;
1421                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1422                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1423                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1424                                 goto reaped;
1425                         }
1426                         continue;
1427                 }
1428
1429                 flags = WNOHANG;
1430                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1431                         flags = 0;
1432
1433                 /*
1434                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1435                  */
1436                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1437                 if (ret < 0) {
1438                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1439                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
1440                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
1441                                 td->sig = ECHILD;
1442                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1443                                 goto reaped;
1444                         }
1445                         perror("waitpid");
1446                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1447                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1448                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1449
1450                                 if (sig != SIGTERM && sig != SIGUSR2)
1451                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
1452                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
1453                                 td->sig = sig;
1454                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1455                                 goto reaped;
1456                         }
1457                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1458                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1459                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1460
1461                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1462                                 goto reaped;
1463                         }
1464                 }
1465
1466                 /*
1467                  * thread is not dead, continue
1468                  */
1469                 pending++;
1470                 continue;
1471 reaped:
1472                 (*nr_running)--;
1473                 (*m_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1474                 (*t_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1475                 if (!td->pid)
1476                         pending--;
1477
1478                 if (td->error)
1479                         exit_value++;
1480
1481                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
1482         }
1483
1484         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
1485                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1486 }
1487
1488 /*
1489  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1490  */
1491 static void run_threads(void)
1492 {
1493         struct thread_data *td;
1494         unsigned long spent;
1495         unsigned int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1496
1497         if (fio_pin_memory())
1498                 return;
1499
1500         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
1501                 return;
1502
1503         set_sig_handlers();
1504
1505         if (output_format == FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
1506                 log_info("Starting ");
1507                 if (nr_thread)
1508                         log_info("%d thread%s", nr_thread,
1509                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1510                 if (nr_process) {
1511                         if (nr_thread)
1512                                 log_info(" and ");
1513                         log_info("%d process%s", nr_process,
1514                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1515                 }
1516                 log_info("\n");
1517                 fflush(stdout);
1518         }
1519
1520         todo = thread_number;
1521         nr_running = 0;
1522         nr_started = 0;
1523         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1524
1525         for_each_td(td, i) {
1526                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1527
1528                 if (!td->o.create_serialize)
1529                         continue;
1530
1531                 /*
1532                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1533                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1534                  * client data interspersed on disk
1535                  */
1536                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1537                         exit_value++;
1538                         if (td->error)
1539                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
1540                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1541                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1542                         todo--;
1543                 } else {
1544                         struct fio_file *f;
1545                         unsigned int j;
1546
1547                         /*
1548                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
1549                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
1550                          * for creation
1551                          */
1552                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
1553                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
1554                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
1555                         }
1556                 }
1557         }
1558
1559         set_genesis_time();
1560
1561         while (todo) {
1562                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
1563                 struct timeval this_start;
1564                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1565
1566                 /*
1567                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1568                  */
1569                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1570                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1571                                 continue;
1572
1573                         /*
1574                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1575                          * thread for some reason
1576                          */
1577                         if (td->terminate) {
1578                                 todo--;
1579                                 continue;
1580                         }
1581
1582                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1583                                 spent = mtime_since_genesis();
1584
1585                                 if (td->o.start_delay * 1000 > spent)
1586                                         continue;
1587                         }
1588
1589                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
1590                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
1591                                                         td->o.name);
1592                                 break;
1593                         }
1594
1595                         init_disk_util(td);
1596
1597                         /*
1598                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1599                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1600                          */
1601                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1602                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1603                         nr_started++;
1604
1605                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1606                                 int ret;
1607
1608                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
1609                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
1610                                                         thread_main, td);
1611                                 if (ret) {
1612                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
1613                                                         strerror(ret));
1614                                         nr_started--;
1615                                         break;
1616                                 }
1617                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
1618                                 if (ret)
1619                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
1620                                                         strerror(ret));
1621                         } else {
1622                                 pid_t pid;
1623                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
1624                                 pid = fork();
1625                                 if (!pid) {
1626                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1627
1628                                         _exit(ret);
1629                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
1630                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
1631                         }
1632                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1633                         if (fio_mutex_down_timeout(startup_mutex, 10)) {
1634                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
1635                                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1636                                 fio_abort = 1;
1637                                 nr_started--;
1638                                 break;
1639                         }
1640                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1641                 }
1642
1643                 /*
1644                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1645                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1646                  */
1647                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1648                 left = this_jobs;
1649                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1650                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1651                                 break;
1652
1653                         usleep(100000);
1654
1655                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1656                                 td = map[i];
1657                                 if (!td)
1658                                         continue;
1659                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1660                                         map[i] = NULL;
1661                                         left--;
1662                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1663                                         map[i] = NULL;
1664                                         left--;
1665                                         todo--;
1666                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1667                                 }
1668                         }
1669                 }
1670
1671                 if (left) {
1672                         log_err("fio: %d job%s failed to start\n", left,
1673                                         left > 1 ? "s" : "");
1674                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1675                                 td = map[i];
1676                                 if (!td)
1677                                         continue;
1678                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1679                         }
1680                         break;
1681                 }
1682
1683                 /*
1684                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1685                  */
1686                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1687                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1688                                 continue;
1689
1690                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
1691                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1692                         else
1693                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1694                         nr_running++;
1695                         nr_started--;
1696                         m_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1697                         t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1698                         todo--;
1699                         fio_mutex_up(td->mutex);
1700                 }
1701
1702                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1703
1704                 if (todo) {
1705                         if (is_backend)
1706                                 fio_server_idle_loop();
1707                         else
1708                                 usleep(100000);
1709                 }
1710         }
1711
1712         while (nr_running) {
1713                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1714
1715                 if (is_backend)
1716                         fio_server_idle_loop();
1717                 else
1718                         usleep(10000);
1719         }
1720
1721         update_io_ticks();
1722         fio_unpin_memory();
1723 }
1724
1725 void wait_for_disk_thread_exit(void)
1726 {
1727         fio_mutex_down(disk_thread_mutex);
1728 }
1729
1730 static void free_disk_util(void)
1731 {
1732         disk_util_start_exit();
1733         wait_for_disk_thread_exit();
1734         disk_util_prune_entries();
1735 }
1736
1737 static void *disk_thread_main(void *data)
1738 {
1739         int ret = 0;
1740
1741         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1742
1743         while (threads && !ret) {
1744                 usleep(DISK_UTIL_MSEC * 1000);
1745                 if (!threads)
1746                         break;
1747                 ret = update_io_ticks();
1748
1749                 if (!is_backend)
1750                         print_thread_status();
1751         }
1752
1753         fio_mutex_up(disk_thread_mutex);
1754         return NULL;
1755 }
1756
1757 static int create_disk_util_thread(void)
1758 {
1759         int ret;
1760
1761         setup_disk_util();
1762
1763         disk_thread_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1764
1765         ret = pthread_create(&disk_util_thread, NULL, disk_thread_main, NULL);
1766         if (ret) {
1767                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1768                 log_err("Can't create disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1769                 return 1;
1770         }
1771
1772         ret = pthread_detach(disk_util_thread);
1773         if (ret) {
1774                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1775                 log_err("Can't detatch disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1776                 return 1;
1777         }
1778
1779         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1780         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
1781         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1782         return 0;
1783 }
1784
1785 int fio_backend(void)
1786 {
1787         struct thread_data *td;
1788         int i;
1789
1790         if (exec_profile) {
1791                 if (load_profile(exec_profile))
1792                         return 1;
1793                 free(exec_profile);
1794                 exec_profile = NULL;
1795         }
1796         if (!thread_number)
1797                 return 0;
1798
1799         if (write_bw_log) {
1800                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], 0);
1801                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE], 0);
1802                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], 0);
1803         }
1804
1805         startup_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1806         if (startup_mutex == NULL)
1807                 return 1;
1808         writeout_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_UNLOCKED);
1809         if (writeout_mutex == NULL)
1810                 return 1;
1811
1812         set_genesis_time();
1813         create_disk_util_thread();
1814
1815         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
1816         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
1817
1818         run_threads();
1819
1820         if (!fio_abort) {
1821                 show_run_stats();
1822                 if (write_bw_log) {
1823                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], "agg-read_bw.log");
1824                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],
1825                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1826                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM],
1827                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1828                 }
1829         }
1830
1831         for_each_td(td, i)
1832                 fio_options_free(td);
1833
1834         free_disk_util();
1835         cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
1836         sfree(cgroup_list);
1837         sfree(cgroup_mnt);
1838
1839         fio_mutex_remove(startup_mutex);
1840         fio_mutex_remove(writeout_mutex);
1841         fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1842         return exit_value;
1843 }