backend.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <time.h>
  30 #include <locale.h>
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <inttypes.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  37 #include <sys/mman.h>
  38
  39 #include "fio.h"
  40 #ifndef FIO_NO_HAVE_SHM_H
  41 #include <sys/shm.h>
  42 #endif
  43 #include "hash.h"
  44 #include "smalloc.h"
  45 #include "verify.h"
  46 #include "trim.h"
  47 #include "diskutil.h"
  48 #include "cgroup.h"
  49 #include "profile.h"
  50 #include "lib/rand.h"
  51 #include "memalign.h"
  52 #include "server.h"
  53 #include "lib/getrusage.h"
  54 #include "idletime.h"
  55
  56 static pthread_t disk_util_thread;
  57 static struct fio_mutex *disk_thread_mutex;
  58 static struct fio_mutex *startup_mutex;
  59 static struct fio_mutex *writeout_mutex;
  60 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  61 static char *cgroup_mnt;
  62 static int exit_value;
  63 static volatile int fio_abort;
  64 static unsigned int nr_process = 0;
  65 static unsigned int nr_thread = 0;
  66
  67 struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
  68
  69 int groupid = 0;
  70 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
  71 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
  72 int shm_id = 0;
  73 int temp_stall_ts;
  74 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  75 volatile int disk_util_exit = 0;
  76
  77 #define PAGE_ALIGN(buf) \
  78         (char *) (((uintptr_t) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  79
  80 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  81
  82 static void sig_int(int sig)
  83 {
  84         if (threads) {
  85                 if (is_backend)
  86                         fio_server_got_signal(sig);
  87                 else {
  88                         log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  89                         fflush(stdout);
  90                         exit_value = 128;
  91                 }
  92
  93                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
  94         }
  95 }
  96
  97 static void sig_show_status(int sig)
  98 {
  99         show_running_run_stats();
 100 }
 101
 102 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 103 {
 104         struct sigaction act;
 105
 106         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 107         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 108         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 109         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 110
 111         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 112         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 113         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 114         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 115
 116 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 117 #ifdef WIN32
 118         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 119         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 120         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 121         sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 122 #endif
 123
 124         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 125         act.sa_handler = sig_show_status;
 126         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 127         sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
 128
 129         if (is_backend) {
 130                 memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 131                 act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 132                 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 133                 sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
 134         }
 135 }
 136
 137 /*
 138  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 139  */
 140 static int __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 141                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 142 {
 143         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 144         unsigned long iops = 0;
 145         unsigned long spent;
 146         unsigned long rate;
 147         unsigned int ratemin = 0;
 148         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 149         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 150
 151         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 152
 153         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 154                 return 0;
 155
 156         /*
 157          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 158          */
 159         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 160                 return 0;
 161
 162         iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
 163         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 164         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 165         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 166         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 167
 168         /*
 169          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 170          */
 171         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 172                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 173                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 174                         return 0;
 175
 176                 if (td->o.rate[ddir]) {
 177                         /*
 178                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 179                          */
 180                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 181                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name,
 182                                                                 ratemin);
 183                                 return 1;
 184                         } else {
 185                                 rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 186                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 187                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 188                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got"
 189                                                 " %luKB/sec\n", td->o.name,
 190                                                         ratemin, rate);
 191                                         return 1;
 192                                 }
 193                         }
 194                 } else {
 195                         /*
 196                          * checks iops specified rate
 197                          */
 198                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 199                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n",
 200                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops);
 201                                 return 1;
 202                         } else {
 203                                 rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 204                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 205                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 206                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met,"
 207                                                 " got %lu\n", td->o.name,
 208                                                         rate_iops_min, rate);
 209                                 }
 210                         }
 211                 }
 212         }
 213
 214         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 215         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 216         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 217         return 0;
 218 }
 219
 220 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 221                           uint64_t *bytes_done)
 222 {
 223         int ret = 0;
 224
 225         if (bytes_done[DDIR_READ])
 226                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_READ);
 227         if (bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE])
 228                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_WRITE);
 229         if (bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM])
 230                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_TRIM);
 231
 232         return ret;
 233 }
 234
 235 /*
 236  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 237  * io. Attempt to do so.
 238  */
 239 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 240 {
 241         int r;
 242
 243         /*
 244          * get immediately available events, if any
 245          */
 246         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0, NULL);
 247         if (r < 0)
 248                 return;
 249
 250         /*
 251          * now cancel remaining active events
 252          */
 253         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 254                 struct io_u *io_u;
 255                 int i;
 256
 257                 io_u_qiter(&td->io_u_all, io_u, i) {
 258                         if (io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) {
 259                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 260                                 if (!r)
 261                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 262                         }
 263                 }
 264         }
 265
 266         if (td->cur_depth)
 267                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 268 }
 269
 270 /*
 271  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 272  * io path, just does everything sync.
 273  */
 274 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 275 {
 276         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 277         int ret;
 278
 279         if (!io_u)
 280                 return 1;
 281
 282         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 283         io_u->file = f;
 284
 285         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 286                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 287                 return 1;
 288         }
 289
 290 requeue:
 291         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 292         if (ret < 0) {
 293                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 294                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 295                 return 1;
 296         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 297                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1, NULL) < 0)
 298                         return 1;
 299         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 300                 if (io_u->error) {
 301                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 302                         return 1;
 303                 }
 304
 305                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL) < 0)
 306                         return 1;
 307         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 308                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 309                         return 1;
 310                 goto requeue;
 311         }
 312
 313         return 0;
 314 }
 315
 316 static int fio_file_fsync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 317 {
 318         int ret;
 319
 320         if (fio_file_open(f))
 321                 return fio_io_sync(td, f);
 322
 323         if (td_io_open_file(td, f))
 324                 return 1;
 325
 326         ret = fio_io_sync(td, f);
 327         td_io_close_file(td, f);
 328         return ret;
 329 }
 330
 331 static inline void __update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 332 {
 333         fio_gettime(&td->tv_cache, NULL);
 334 }
 335
 336 static inline void update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 337 {
 338         if ((++td->tv_cache_nr & td->tv_cache_mask) == td->tv_cache_mask)
 339                 __update_tv_cache(td);
 340 }
 341
 342 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 343 {
 344         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 345                 return 0;
 346         if (!td->o.timeout)
 347                 return 0;
 348         if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout * 1000)
 349                 return 1;
 350
 351         return 0;
 352 }
 353
 354 static int break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 355                                int *retptr)
 356 {
 357         int ret = *retptr;
 358
 359         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 360                 int err = td->error;
 361                 enum error_type_bit eb;
 362
 363                 if (ret < 0)
 364                         err = -ret;
 365
 366                 eb = td_error_type(ddir, err);
 367                 if (!(td->o.continue_on_error & (1 << eb)))
 368                         return 1;
 369
 370                 if (td_non_fatal_error(td, eb, err)) {
 371                         /*
 372                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 373                          * a non fatal error.
 374                          */
 375                         update_error_count(td, err);
 376                         td_clear_error(td);
 377                         *retptr = 0;
 378                         return 0;
 379                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
 380                         /*
 381                          * We expect to hit this error if
 382                          * fill_device option is set.
 383                          */
 384                         td_clear_error(td);
 385                         td->terminate = 1;
 386                         return 1;
 387                 } else {
 388                         /*
 389                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 390                          * error.
 391                          */
 392                         update_error_count(td, err);
 393                         return 1;
 394                 }
 395         }
 396
 397         return 0;
 398 }
 399
 400 static void check_update_rusage(struct thread_data *td)
 401 {
 402         if (td->update_rusage) {
 403                 td->update_rusage = 0;
 404                 update_rusage_stat(td);
 405                 fio_mutex_up(td->rusage_sem);
 406         }
 407 }
 408
 409 /*
 410  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 411  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 412  */
 413 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
 414 {
 415         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 416         struct fio_file *f;
 417         struct io_u *io_u;
 418         int ret, min_events;
 419         unsigned int i;
 420
 421         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 422
 423         /*
 424          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 425          * read from disk.
 426          */
 427         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 428                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 429                         continue;
 430                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 431                         break;
 432                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 433                         break;
 434         }
 435
 436         check_update_rusage(td);
 437
 438         if (td->error)
 439                 return;
 440
 441         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 442
 443         io_u = NULL;
 444         while (!td->terminate) {
 445                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 446                 int ret2, full;
 447
 448                 update_tv_cache(td);
 449                 check_update_rusage(td);
 450
 451                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 452                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 453                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 454                                 td->terminate = 1;
 455                                 break;
 456                         }
 457                 }
 458
 459                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 460                         continue;
 461
 462                 if (!td->o.experimental_verify) {
 463                         io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 464                         if (!io_u)
 465                                 break;
 466
 467                         if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 468                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 469                                 break;
 470                         }
 471
 472                         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 473                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 474                                 break;
 475                         }
 476                 } else {
 477                         if (ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
 478                                 break;
 479
 480                         while ((io_u = get_io_u(td)) != NULL) {
 481                                 /*
 482                                  * We are only interested in the places where
 483                                  * we wrote or trimmed IOs. Turn those into
 484                                  * reads for verification purposes.
 485                                  */
 486                                 if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ) {
 487                                         /*
 488                                          * Pretend we issued it for rwmix
 489                                          * accounting
 490                                          */
 491                                         td->io_issues[DDIR_READ]++;
 492                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 493                                         continue;
 494                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_TRIM) {
 495                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 496                                         io_u->flags |= IO_U_F_TRIMMED;
 497                                         break;
 498                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE) {
 499                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 500                                         break;
 501                                 } else {
 502                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 503                                         continue;
 504                                 }
 505                         }
 506
 507                         if (!io_u)
 508                                 break;
 509                 }
 510
 511                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 512                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 513                 else
 514                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 515
 516                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 517
 518                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 519                 switch (ret) {
 520                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 521                         if (io_u->error) {
 522                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 523                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 524                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 525                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 526
 527                                 /*
 528                                  * zero read, fail
 529                                  */
 530                                 if (!bytes) {
 531                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 532                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 533                                         break;
 534                                 }
 535
 536                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 537                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 538                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 539
 540                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 541                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 542
 543                                 f = io_u->file;
 544                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 545                                         goto sync_done;
 546
 547                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 548                         } else {
 549 sync_done:
 550                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 551                                 if (ret < 0)
 552                                         break;
 553                         }
 554                         continue;
 555                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 556                         break;
 557                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 558                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 559                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 560                         if (ret2 < 0)
 561                                 ret = ret2;
 562                         break;
 563                 default:
 564                         assert(ret < 0);
 565                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 566                         break;
 567                 }
 568
 569                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 570                         break;
 571
 572                 /*
 573                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 574                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 575                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 576                  */
 577                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 578                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 579                         min_events = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 580                                          td->cur_depth);
 581                         /*
 582                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 583                          */
 584                         if (full && !min_events)
 585                                 min_events = 1;
 586
 587                         do {
 588                                 /*
 589                                  * Reap required number of io units, if any,
 590                                  * and do the verification on them through
 591                                  * the callback handler
 592                                  */
 593                                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, bytes_done) < 0) {
 594                                         ret = -1;
 595                                         break;
 596                                 }
 597                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 598                 }
 599                 if (ret < 0)
 600                         break;
 601         }
 602
 603         check_update_rusage(td);
 604
 605         if (!td->error) {
 606                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 607
 608                 if (min_events)
 609                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL);
 610         } else
 611                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 612
 613         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 614
 615         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 616 }
 617
 618 static int io_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 619 {
 620         unsigned long long bytes;
 621
 622         if (td_rw(td))
 623                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 624         else if (td_write(td))
 625                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 626         else if (td_read(td))
 627                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 628         else
 629                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
 630
 631         return bytes >= td->o.size;
 632 }
 633
 634 /*
 635  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 636  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 637  *
 638  * Returns number of bytes written and trimmed.
 639  */
 640 static uint64_t do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 641 {
 642         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 643         unsigned int i;
 644         int ret = 0;
 645
 646         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 647                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 648         else
 649                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 650
 651         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 652                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
 653                 td->o.time_based) {
 654                 struct timeval comp_time;
 655                 int min_evts = 0;
 656                 struct io_u *io_u;
 657                 int ret2, full;
 658                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 659
 660                 check_update_rusage(td);
 661
 662                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
 663                         break;
 664
 665                 update_tv_cache(td);
 666
 667                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 668                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 669                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 670                                 td->terminate = 1;
 671                                 break;
 672                         }
 673                 }
 674
 675                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 676                         continue;
 677
 678                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 679                 if (!io_u)
 680                         break;
 681
 682                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 683
 684                 /*
 685                  * Add verification end_io handler if:
 686                  *      - Asked to verify (!td_rw(td))
 687                  *      - Or the io_u is from our verify list (mixed write/ver)
 688                  */
 689                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
 690                     ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_VER_LIST) || !td_rw(td))) {
 691                         if (td->o.verify_async)
 692                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 693                         else
 694                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 695                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 696                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
 697                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 698                 else
 699                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 700
 701                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 702                 switch (ret) {
 703                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 704                         if (io_u->error) {
 705                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 706                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 707                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 708                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 709                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 710
 711                                 /*
 712                                  * zero read, fail
 713                                  */
 714                                 if (!bytes) {
 715                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 716                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 717                                         break;
 718                                 }
 719
 720                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 721                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 722                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 723
 724                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 725                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 726
 727                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 728                                         goto sync_done;
 729
 730                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 731                         } else {
 732 sync_done:
 733                                 if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 734                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 735                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 736                                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 737
 738                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 739                                 if (ret < 0)
 740                                         break;
 741                         }
 742                         break;
 743                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 744                         /*
 745                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 746                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 747                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 748                          */
 749                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 750                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 751                         break;
 752                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 753                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 754                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 755                         if (ret2 < 0)
 756                                 ret = ret2;
 757                         break;
 758                 default:
 759                         assert(ret < 0);
 760                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 761                         break;
 762                 }
 763
 764                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 765                         break;
 766
 767                 /*
 768                  * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that we
 769                  * can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the system is
 770                  * resource starved.
 771                  */
 772                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 773                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 774                         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 775                                         td->cur_depth);
 776                         /*
 777                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 778                          */
 779                         if (full && !min_evts)
 780                                 min_evts = 1;
 781
 782                         if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 783                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 784                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 785                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 786
 787                         do {
 788                                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts, bytes_done);
 789                                 if (ret < 0)
 790                                         break;
 791
 792                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 793                 }
 794
 795                 if (ret < 0)
 796                         break;
 797                 if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) && !(td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO))
 798                         continue;
 799
 800                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td, bytes_done)) {
 801                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time, bytes_done)) {
 802                                 if (exitall_on_terminate)
 803                                         fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 804                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
 805                                 break;
 806                         }
 807                 }
 808
 809                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 810                         unsigned long long b;
 811
 812                         b = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
 813                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 814                                 int left;
 815
 816                                 io_u_quiesce(td);
 817
 818                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 819                                         usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 820
 821                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 822                                 if (left)
 823                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 824                         }
 825                 }
 826         }
 827
 828         check_update_rusage(td);
 829
 830         if (td->trim_entries)
 831                 log_err("fio: %lu trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
 832
 833         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
 834                 td->error = 0;
 835                 td->terminate = 1;
 836         }
 837         if (!td->error) {
 838                 struct fio_file *f;
 839
 840                 i = td->cur_depth;
 841                 if (i) {
 842                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i, bytes_done);
 843                         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
 844                                 td->error = 0;
 845                 }
 846
 847                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 848                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 849
 850                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 851                                 if (!fio_file_fsync(td, f))
 852                                         continue;
 853
 854                                 log_err("fio: end_fsync failed for file %s\n",
 855                                                                 f->file_name);
 856                         }
 857                 }
 858         } else
 859                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 860
 861         /*
 862          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
 863          */
 864         if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_bytes))
 865                 td->done = 1;
 866
 867         return bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] + bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
 868 }
 869
 870 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 871 {
 872         struct io_u *io_u;
 873
 874         while ((io_u = io_u_qpop(&td->io_u_freelist)) != NULL) {
 875
 876                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_free)
 877                         td->io_ops->io_u_free(td, io_u);
 878
 879                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u));
 880         }
 881
 882         free_io_mem(td);
 883
 884         io_u_rexit(&td->io_u_requeues);
 885         io_u_qexit(&td->io_u_freelist);
 886         io_u_qexit(&td->io_u_all);
 887 }
 888
 889 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 890 {
 891         struct io_u *io_u;
 892         unsigned int max_bs, min_write;
 893         int cl_align, i, max_units;
 894         int data_xfer = 1, err;
 895         char *p;
 896
 897         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 898         max_bs = td_max_bs(td);
 899         min_write = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 900         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
 901                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 902
 903         if ((td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO) || !(td_read(td) || td_write(td)))
 904                 data_xfer = 0;
 905
 906         err = 0;
 907         err += io_u_rinit(&td->io_u_requeues, td->o.iodepth);
 908         err += io_u_qinit(&td->io_u_freelist, td->o.iodepth);
 909         err += io_u_qinit(&td->io_u_all, td->o.iodepth);
 910
 911         if (err) {
 912                 log_err("fio: failed setting up IO queues\n");
 913                 return 1;
 914         }
 915
 916         /*
 917          * if we may later need to do address alignment, then add any
 918          * possible adjustment here so that we don't cause a buffer
 919          * overflow later. this adjustment may be too much if we get
 920          * lucky and the allocator gives us an aligned address.
 921          */
 922         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 923                 td->orig_buffer_size += page_mask + td->o.mem_align;
 924
 925         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
 926                 unsigned long bs;
 927
 928                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
 929                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
 930         }
 931
 932         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
 933                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
 934                 return 1;
 935         }
 936
 937         if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
 938                 return 1;
 939
 940         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align ||
 941             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 942                 p = PAGE_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer) + td->o.mem_align;
 943         else
 944                 p = td->orig_buffer;
 945
 946         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
 947
 948         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 949                 void *ptr;
 950
 951                 if (td->terminate)
 952                         return 1;
 953
 954                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u));
 955                 if (!ptr) {
 956                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
 957                         break;
 958                 }
 959
 960                 io_u = ptr;
 961                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 962                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->verify_list);
 963                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
 964
 965                 if (data_xfer) {
 966                         io_u->buf = p;
 967                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
 968
 969                         if (td_write(td))
 970                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, min_write, max_bs);
 971                         if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
 972                                 /*
 973                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
 974                                  * going to be doing writes.
 975                                  */
 976                                 fill_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
 977                         }
 978                 }
 979
 980                 io_u->index = i;
 981                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
 982                 io_u_qpush(&td->io_u_freelist, io_u);
 983
 984                 /*
 985                  * io_u never leaves this stack, used for iteration of all
 986                  * io_u buffers.
 987                  */
 988                 io_u_qpush(&td->io_u_all, io_u);
 989
 990                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_init) {
 991                         int ret = td->io_ops->io_u_init(td, io_u);
 992
 993                         if (ret) {
 994                                 log_err("fio: failed to init engine data: %d\n", ret);
 995                                 return 1;
 996                         }
 997                 }
 998
 999                 p += max_bs;
1000         }
1001
1002         return 0;
1003 }
1004
1005 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
1006 {
1007         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
1008         FILE *f;
1009         int ret;
1010
1011         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
1012                 return 0;
1013
1014         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
1015
1016         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
1017         if (!f) {
1018                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1019                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
1020                                 " switching\n");
1021                         return 0;
1022                 }
1023                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
1024                 return 1;
1025         }
1026
1027         /*
1028          * Set io scheduler.
1029          */
1030         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
1031         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
1032                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
1033                 fclose(f);
1034                 return 1;
1035         }
1036
1037         rewind(f);
1038
1039         /*
1040          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
1041          */
1042         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
1043         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
1044                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
1045                 fclose(f);
1046                 return 1;
1047         }
1048
1049         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
1050         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
1051                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
1052                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
1053                 fclose(f);
1054                 return 1;
1055         }
1056
1057         fclose(f);
1058         return 0;
1059 }
1060
1061 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
1062 {
1063         if (td->done)
1064                 return 0;
1065         if (td->o.time_based)
1066                 return 1;
1067         if (td->o.loops) {
1068                 td->o.loops--;
1069                 return 1;
1070         }
1071
1072         if (td->o.size != -1ULL && ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes) < td->o.size) {
1073                 uint64_t diff;
1074
1075                 /*
1076                  * If the difference is less than the minimum IO size, we
1077                  * are done.
1078                  */
1079                 diff = td->o.size - ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes);
1080                 if (diff < td_max_bs(td))
1081                         return 0;
1082
1083                 return 1;
1084         }
1085
1086         return 0;
1087 }
1088
1089 static int exec_string(struct thread_options *o, const char *string, const char *mode)
1090 {
1091         int ret, newlen = strlen(string) + strlen(o->name) + strlen(mode) + 9 + 1;
1092         char *str;
1093
1094         str = malloc(newlen);
1095         sprintf(str, "%s &> %s.%s.txt", string, o->name, mode);
1096
1097         log_info("%s : Saving output of %s in %s.%s.txt\n",o->name, mode, o->name, mode);
1098         ret = system(str);
1099         if (ret == -1)
1100                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
1101
1102         free(str);
1103         return ret;
1104 }
1105
1106 /*
1107  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
1108  * here as well, after a little setup.
1109  */
1110 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1111 {
1112         unsigned long long elapsed;
1113         struct thread_data *td = data;
1114         struct thread_options *o = &td->o;
1115         pthread_condattr_t attr;
1116         int clear_state;
1117         int ret;
1118
1119         if (!o->use_thread) {
1120                 setsid();
1121                 td->pid = getpid();
1122         } else
1123                 td->pid = gettid();
1124
1125         fio_local_clock_init(o->use_thread);
1126
1127         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1128
1129         if (is_backend)
1130                 fio_server_send_start(td);
1131
1132         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1133         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1134         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1135         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1136         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->next_rand_list);
1137         pthread_mutex_init(&td->io_u_lock, NULL);
1138         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1139
1140         pthread_condattr_init(&attr);
1141         pthread_cond_init(&td->verify_cond, &attr);
1142         pthread_cond_init(&td->free_cond, &attr);
1143
1144         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1145         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_mutex\n");
1146         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1147         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->mutex\n");
1148         fio_mutex_down(td->mutex);
1149         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->mutex\n");
1150
1151         /*
1152          * the ->mutex mutex is now no longer used, close it to avoid
1153          * eating a file descriptor
1154          */
1155         fio_mutex_remove(td->mutex);
1156         td->mutex = NULL;
1157
1158         /*
1159          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1160          * the uid.
1161          */
1162         if (o->gid != -1U && setgid(o->gid)) {
1163                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1164                 goto err;
1165         }
1166         if (o->uid != -1U && setuid(o->uid)) {
1167                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1168                 goto err;
1169         }
1170
1171         /*
1172          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1173          * thread from this job
1174          */
1175         if (o->gtod_cpu)
1176                 fio_cpu_clear(&o->cpumask, o->gtod_cpu);
1177
1178         /*
1179          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1180          * allocations.
1181          */
1182         if (o->cpumask_set) {
1183                 ret = fio_setaffinity(td->pid, o->cpumask);
1184                 if (ret == -1) {
1185                         td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1186                         goto err;
1187                 }
1188         }
1189
1190 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBNUMA
1191         /* numa node setup */
1192         if (o->numa_cpumask_set || o->numa_memmask_set) {
1193                 int ret;
1194
1195                 if (numa_available() < 0) {
1196                         td_verror(td, errno, "Does not support NUMA API\n");
1197                         goto err;
1198                 }
1199
1200                 if (o->numa_cpumask_set) {
1201                         ret = numa_run_on_node_mask(o->numa_cpunodesmask);
1202                         if (ret == -1) {
1203                                 td_verror(td, errno, \
1204                                         "numa_run_on_node_mask failed\n");
1205                                 goto err;
1206                         }
1207                 }
1208
1209                 if (o->numa_memmask_set) {
1210
1211                         switch (o->numa_mem_mode) {
1212                         case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
1213                                 numa_set_interleave_mask(o->numa_memnodesmask);
1214                                 break;
1215                         case MPOL_BIND:
1216                                 numa_set_membind(o->numa_memnodesmask);
1217                                 break;
1218                         case MPOL_LOCAL:
1219                                 numa_set_localalloc();
1220                                 break;
1221                         case MPOL_PREFERRED:
1222                                 numa_set_preferred(o->numa_mem_prefer_node);
1223                                 break;
1224                         case MPOL_DEFAULT:
1225                         default:
1226                                 break;
1227                         }
1228
1229                 }
1230         }
1231 #endif
1232
1233         if (fio_pin_memory(td))
1234                 goto err;
1235
1236         /*
1237          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1238          * do this first.
1239          */
1240         if (init_iolog(td))
1241                 goto err;
1242
1243         if (init_io_u(td))
1244                 goto err;
1245
1246         if (o->verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1247                 goto err;
1248
1249         if (o->ioprio) {
1250                 ret = ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
1251                 if (ret == -1) {
1252                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1253                         goto err;
1254                 }
1255         }
1256
1257         if (o->cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1258                 goto err;
1259
1260         errno = 0;
1261         if (nice(o->nice) == -1 && errno != 0) {
1262                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1263                 goto err;
1264         }
1265
1266         if (o->ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1267                 goto err;
1268
1269         if (!o->create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1270                 goto err;
1271
1272         if (td_io_init(td))
1273                 goto err;
1274
1275         if (init_random_map(td))
1276                 goto err;
1277
1278         if (o->exec_prerun && exec_string(o, o->exec_prerun, (const char *)"prerun"))
1279                 goto err;
1280
1281         if (o->pre_read) {
1282                 if (pre_read_files(td) < 0)
1283                         goto err;
1284         }
1285
1286         fio_verify_init(td);
1287
1288         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
1289         fio_getrusage(&td->ru_start);
1290         clear_state = 0;
1291         while (keep_running(td)) {
1292                 uint64_t verify_bytes;
1293
1294                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1295                 memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1296                 memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1297                 memcpy(&td->tv_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1298
1299                 if (o->ratemin[DDIR_READ] || o->ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
1300                                 o->ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1301                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
1302                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1303                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
1304                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1305                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
1306                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1307                 }
1308
1309                 if (clear_state)
1310                         clear_io_state(td);
1311
1312                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1313
1314                 verify_bytes = do_io(td);
1315
1316                 clear_state = 1;
1317
1318                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
1319                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1320                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
1321                 }
1322                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
1323                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1324                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
1325                 }
1326                 if (td_trim(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1327                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1328                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] += elapsed;
1329                 }
1330
1331                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1332                         break;
1333
1334                 if (!o->do_verify ||
1335                     o->verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1336                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
1337                         continue;
1338
1339                 clear_io_state(td);
1340
1341                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1342
1343                 do_verify(td, verify_bytes);
1344
1345                 td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
1346
1347                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1348                         break;
1349         }
1350
1351         update_rusage_stat(td);
1352         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] + 999) / 1000;
1353         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] + 999) / 1000;
1354         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] + 999) / 1000;
1355         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1356         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_READ] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
1357         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
1358         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
1359
1360         fio_unpin_memory(td);
1361
1362         fio_mutex_down(writeout_mutex);
1363         if (td->bw_log) {
1364                 if (o->bw_log_file) {
1365                         finish_log_named(td, td->bw_log,
1366                                                 o->bw_log_file, "bw");
1367                 } else
1368                         finish_log(td, td->bw_log, "bw");
1369         }
1370         if (td->lat_log) {
1371                 if (o->lat_log_file) {
1372                         finish_log_named(td, td->lat_log,
1373                                                 o->lat_log_file, "lat");
1374                 } else
1375                         finish_log(td, td->lat_log, "lat");
1376         }
1377         if (td->slat_log) {
1378                 if (o->lat_log_file) {
1379                         finish_log_named(td, td->slat_log,
1380                                                 o->lat_log_file, "slat");
1381                 } else
1382                         finish_log(td, td->slat_log, "slat");
1383         }
1384         if (td->clat_log) {
1385                 if (o->lat_log_file) {
1386                         finish_log_named(td, td->clat_log,
1387                                                 o->lat_log_file, "clat");
1388                 } else
1389                         finish_log(td, td->clat_log, "clat");
1390         }
1391         if (td->iops_log) {
1392                 if (o->iops_log_file) {
1393                         finish_log_named(td, td->iops_log,
1394                                                 o->iops_log_file, "iops");
1395                 } else
1396                         finish_log(td, td->iops_log, "iops");
1397         }
1398
1399         fio_mutex_up(writeout_mutex);
1400         if (o->exec_postrun)
1401                 exec_string(o, o->exec_postrun, (const char *)"postrun");
1402
1403         if (exitall_on_terminate)
1404                 fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
1405
1406 err:
1407         if (td->error)
1408                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1409                                                         td->verror);
1410
1411         if (o->verify_async)
1412                 verify_async_exit(td);
1413
1414         close_and_free_files(td);
1415         cleanup_io_u(td);
1416         close_ioengine(td);
1417         cgroup_shutdown(td, &cgroup_mnt);
1418
1419         if (o->cpumask_set) {
1420                 int ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&o->cpumask);
1421
1422                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1423         }
1424
1425         /*
1426          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1427          */
1428         if (o->write_iolog_file)
1429                 write_iolog_close(td);
1430
1431         fio_mutex_remove(td->rusage_sem);
1432         td->rusage_sem = NULL;
1433
1434         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1435         return (void *) (uintptr_t) td->error;
1436 }
1437
1438
1439 /*
1440  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
1441  * pass it to the thread worker.
1442  */
1443 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
1444 {
1445         struct thread_data *td;
1446         void *data, *ret;
1447
1448 #ifndef __hpux
1449         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
1450         if (data == (void *) -1) {
1451                 int __err = errno;
1452
1453                 perror("shmat");
1454                 return __err;
1455         }
1456 #else
1457         /*
1458          * HP-UX inherits shm mappings?
1459          */
1460         data = threads;
1461 #endif
1462
1463         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
1464         ret = thread_main(td);
1465         shmdt(data);
1466         return (int) (uintptr_t) ret;
1467 }
1468
1469 /*
1470  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1471  */
1472 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, unsigned int *t_rate,
1473                          unsigned int *m_rate)
1474 {
1475         struct thread_data *td;
1476         unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
1477         int i, status, ret;
1478
1479         /*
1480          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
1481          */
1482         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
1483         for_each_td(td, i) {
1484                 int flags = 0;
1485
1486                 /*
1487                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1488                  * io engine
1489                  */
1490                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1491                         cputhreads++;
1492                 else
1493                         realthreads++;
1494
1495                 if (!td->pid) {
1496                         pending++;
1497                         continue;
1498                 }
1499                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1500                         continue;
1501                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1502                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1503                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1504                                 goto reaped;
1505                         }
1506                         continue;
1507                 }
1508
1509                 flags = WNOHANG;
1510                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1511                         flags = 0;
1512
1513                 /*
1514                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1515                  */
1516                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1517                 if (ret < 0) {
1518                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1519                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
1520                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
1521                                 td->sig = ECHILD;
1522                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1523                                 goto reaped;
1524                         }
1525                         perror("waitpid");
1526                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1527                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1528                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1529
1530                                 if (sig != SIGTERM && sig != SIGUSR2)
1531                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
1532                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
1533                                 td->sig = sig;
1534                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1535                                 goto reaped;
1536                         }
1537                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1538                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1539                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1540
1541                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1542                                 goto reaped;
1543                         }
1544                 }
1545
1546                 /*
1547                  * thread is not dead, continue
1548                  */
1549                 pending++;
1550                 continue;
1551 reaped:
1552                 (*nr_running)--;
1553                 (*m_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1554                 (*t_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1555                 if (!td->pid)
1556                         pending--;
1557
1558                 if (td->error)
1559                         exit_value++;
1560
1561                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
1562                 profile_td_exit(td);
1563         }
1564
1565         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
1566                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1567 }
1568
1569 static void do_usleep(unsigned int usecs)
1570 {
1571         check_for_running_stats();
1572         usleep(usecs);
1573 }
1574
1575 /*
1576  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1577  */
1578 static void run_threads(void)
1579 {
1580         struct thread_data *td;
1581         unsigned long spent;
1582         unsigned int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1583
1584         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
1585                 return;
1586
1587         fio_idle_prof_init();
1588
1589         set_sig_handlers();
1590
1591         nr_thread = nr_process = 0;
1592         for_each_td(td, i) {
1593                 if (td->o.use_thread)
1594                         nr_thread++;
1595                 else
1596                         nr_process++;
1597         }
1598
1599         if (output_format == FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
1600                 log_info("Starting ");
1601                 if (nr_thread)
1602                         log_info("%d thread%s", nr_thread,
1603                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1604                 if (nr_process) {
1605                         if (nr_thread)
1606                                 log_info(" and ");
1607                         log_info("%d process%s", nr_process,
1608                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1609                 }
1610                 log_info("\n");
1611                 fflush(stdout);
1612         }
1613
1614         todo = thread_number;
1615         nr_running = 0;
1616         nr_started = 0;
1617         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1618
1619         for_each_td(td, i) {
1620                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1621
1622                 if (!td->o.create_serialize)
1623                         continue;
1624
1625                 /*
1626                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1627                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1628                  * client data interspersed on disk
1629                  */
1630                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1631                         exit_value++;
1632                         if (td->error)
1633                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
1634                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1635                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1636                         todo--;
1637                 } else {
1638                         struct fio_file *f;
1639                         unsigned int j;
1640
1641                         /*
1642                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
1643                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
1644                          * for creation
1645                          */
1646                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
1647                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
1648                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
1649                         }
1650                 }
1651         }
1652
1653         /* start idle threads before io threads start to run */
1654         fio_idle_prof_start();
1655
1656         set_genesis_time();
1657
1658         while (todo) {
1659                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
1660                 struct timeval this_start;
1661                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1662
1663                 /*
1664                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1665                  */
1666                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1667                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1668                                 continue;
1669
1670                         /*
1671                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1672                          * thread for some reason
1673                          */
1674                         if (td->terminate) {
1675                                 todo--;
1676                                 continue;
1677                         }
1678
1679                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1680                                 spent = mtime_since_genesis();
1681
1682                                 if (td->o.start_delay * 1000 > spent)
1683                                         continue;
1684                         }
1685
1686                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
1687                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
1688                                                         td->o.name);
1689                                 break;
1690                         }
1691
1692                         init_disk_util(td);
1693
1694                         td->rusage_sem = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1695                         td->update_rusage = 0;
1696
1697                         /*
1698                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1699                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1700                          */
1701                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1702                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1703                         nr_started++;
1704
1705                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1706                                 int ret;
1707
1708                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
1709                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
1710                                                         thread_main, td);
1711                                 if (ret) {
1712                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
1713                                                         strerror(ret));
1714                                         nr_started--;
1715                                         break;
1716                                 }
1717                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
1718                                 if (ret)
1719                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
1720                                                         strerror(ret));
1721                         } else {
1722                                 pid_t pid;
1723                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
1724                                 pid = fork();
1725                                 if (!pid) {
1726                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1727
1728                                         _exit(ret);
1729                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
1730                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
1731                         }
1732                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1733                         if (fio_mutex_down_timeout(startup_mutex, 10)) {
1734                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
1735                                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1736                                 fio_abort = 1;
1737                                 nr_started--;
1738                                 break;
1739                         }
1740                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1741                 }
1742
1743                 /*
1744                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1745                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1746                  */
1747                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1748                 left = this_jobs;
1749                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1750                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1751                                 break;
1752
1753                         do_usleep(100000);
1754
1755                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1756                                 td = map[i];
1757                                 if (!td)
1758                                         continue;
1759                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1760                                         map[i] = NULL;
1761                                         left--;
1762                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1763                                         map[i] = NULL;
1764                                         left--;
1765                                         todo--;
1766                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1767                                 }
1768                         }
1769                 }
1770
1771                 if (left) {
1772                         log_err("fio: %d job%s failed to start\n", left,
1773                                         left > 1 ? "s" : "");
1774                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1775                                 td = map[i];
1776                                 if (!td)
1777                                         continue;
1778                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1779                         }
1780                         break;
1781                 }
1782
1783                 /*
1784                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1785                  */
1786                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1787                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1788                                 continue;
1789
1790                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
1791                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1792                         else
1793                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1794                         nr_running++;
1795                         nr_started--;
1796                         m_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1797                         t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1798                         todo--;
1799                         fio_mutex_up(td->mutex);
1800                 }
1801
1802                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1803
1804                 if (todo)
1805                         do_usleep(100000);
1806         }
1807
1808         while (nr_running) {
1809                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1810                 do_usleep(10000);
1811         }
1812
1813         fio_idle_prof_stop();
1814
1815         update_io_ticks();
1816 }
1817
1818 void wait_for_disk_thread_exit(void)
1819 {
1820         fio_mutex_down(disk_thread_mutex);
1821 }
1822
1823 static void free_disk_util(void)
1824 {
1825         disk_util_start_exit();
1826         wait_for_disk_thread_exit();
1827         disk_util_prune_entries();
1828 }
1829
1830 static void *disk_thread_main(void *data)
1831 {
1832         int ret = 0;
1833
1834         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1835
1836         while (threads && !ret) {
1837                 usleep(DISK_UTIL_MSEC * 1000);
1838                 if (!threads)
1839                         break;
1840                 ret = update_io_ticks();
1841
1842                 if (!is_backend)
1843                         print_thread_status();
1844         }
1845
1846         fio_mutex_up(disk_thread_mutex);
1847         return NULL;
1848 }
1849
1850 static int create_disk_util_thread(void)
1851 {
1852         int ret;
1853
1854         setup_disk_util();
1855
1856         disk_thread_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1857
1858         ret = pthread_create(&disk_util_thread, NULL, disk_thread_main, NULL);
1859         if (ret) {
1860                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1861                 log_err("Can't create disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1862                 return 1;
1863         }
1864
1865         ret = pthread_detach(disk_util_thread);
1866         if (ret) {
1867                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1868                 log_err("Can't detatch disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1869                 return 1;
1870         }
1871
1872         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1873         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
1874         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1875         return 0;
1876 }
1877
1878 int fio_backend(void)
1879 {
1880         struct thread_data *td;
1881         int i;
1882
1883         if (exec_profile) {
1884                 if (load_profile(exec_profile))
1885                         return 1;
1886                 free(exec_profile);
1887                 exec_profile = NULL;
1888         }
1889         if (!thread_number)
1890                 return 0;
1891
1892         if (write_bw_log) {
1893                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1894                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1895                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1896         }
1897
1898         startup_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1899         if (startup_mutex == NULL)
1900                 return 1;
1901         writeout_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_UNLOCKED);
1902         if (writeout_mutex == NULL)
1903                 return 1;
1904
1905         set_genesis_time();
1906         stat_init();
1907         create_disk_util_thread();
1908
1909         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
1910         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
1911
1912         run_threads();
1913
1914         if (!fio_abort) {
1915                 show_run_stats();
1916                 if (write_bw_log) {
1917                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], "agg-read_bw.log");
1918                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],
1919                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1920                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM],
1921                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
1922                 }
1923         }
1924
1925         for_each_td(td, i)
1926                 fio_options_free(td);
1927
1928         free_disk_util();
1929         cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
1930         sfree(cgroup_list);
1931         sfree(cgroup_mnt);
1932
1933         fio_mutex_remove(startup_mutex);
1934         fio_mutex_remove(writeout_mutex);
1935         fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1936         stat_exit();
1937         return exit_value;
1938 }