backend.c

   1 /*
   2  * fio - the flexible io tester
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
   5  * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
   6  *
   7  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
   8  * noted in the file itself.
   9  *
  10  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  12  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  13  *
  14  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  18  *
  19  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  22  *
  23  */
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <time.h>
  30 #include <locale.h>
  31 #include <assert.h>
  32 #include <time.h>
  33 #include <inttypes.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <sys/ipc.h>
  37 #include <sys/mman.h>
  38
  39 #include "fio.h"
  40 #ifndef FIO_NO_HAVE_SHM_H
  41 #include <sys/shm.h>
  42 #endif
  43 #include "hash.h"
  44 #include "smalloc.h"
  45 #include "verify.h"
  46 #include "trim.h"
  47 #include "diskutil.h"
  48 #include "cgroup.h"
  49 #include "profile.h"
  50 #include "lib/rand.h"
  51 #include "memalign.h"
  52 #include "server.h"
  53 #include "lib/getrusage.h"
  54 #include "idletime.h"
  55 #include "err.h"
  56
  57 static pthread_t disk_util_thread;
  58 static struct fio_mutex *disk_thread_mutex;
  59 static struct fio_mutex *startup_mutex;
  60 static struct flist_head *cgroup_list;
  61 static char *cgroup_mnt;
  62 static int exit_value;
  63 static volatile int fio_abort;
  64 static unsigned int nr_process = 0;
  65 static unsigned int nr_thread = 0;
  66
  67 struct io_log *agg_io_log[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT];
  68
  69 int groupid = 0;
  70 unsigned int thread_number = 0;
  71 unsigned int stat_number = 0;
  72 int shm_id = 0;
  73 int temp_stall_ts;
  74 unsigned long done_secs = 0;
  75 volatile int disk_util_exit = 0;
  76
  77 #define PAGE_ALIGN(buf) \
  78         (char *) (((uintptr_t) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)
  79
  80 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT       (5 * 1000)
  81
  82 static void sig_int(int sig)
  83 {
  84         if (threads) {
  85                 if (is_backend)
  86                         fio_server_got_signal(sig);
  87                 else {
  88                         log_info("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
  89                         fflush(stdout);
  90                         exit_value = 128;
  91                 }
  92
  93                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
  94         }
  95 }
  96
  97 static void sig_show_status(int sig)
  98 {
  99         show_running_run_stats();
 100 }
 101
 102 static void set_sig_handlers(void)
 103 {
 104         struct sigaction act;
 105
 106         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 107         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 108         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 109         sigaction(SIGINT, &act, NULL);
 110
 111         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 112         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 113         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 114         sigaction(SIGTERM, &act, NULL);
 115
 116 /* Windows uses SIGBREAK as a quit signal from other applications */
 117 #ifdef WIN32
 118         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 119         act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 120         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 121         sigaction(SIGBREAK, &act, NULL);
 122 #endif
 123
 124         memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 125         act.sa_handler = sig_show_status;
 126         act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 127         sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
 128
 129         if (is_backend) {
 130                 memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
 131                 act.sa_handler = sig_int;
 132                 act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 133                 sigaction(SIGPIPE, &act, NULL);
 134         }
 135 }
 136
 137 /*
 138  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
 139  */
 140 static int __check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 141                             enum fio_ddir ddir)
 142 {
 143         unsigned long long bytes = 0;
 144         unsigned long iops = 0;
 145         unsigned long spent;
 146         unsigned long rate;
 147         unsigned int ratemin = 0;
 148         unsigned int rate_iops = 0;
 149         unsigned int rate_iops_min = 0;
 150
 151         assert(ddir_rw(ddir));
 152
 153         if (!td->o.ratemin[ddir] && !td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir])
 154                 return 0;
 155
 156         /*
 157          * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 158          */
 159         if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 160                 return 0;
 161
 162         iops += td->this_io_blocks[ddir];
 163         bytes += td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 164         ratemin += td->o.ratemin[ddir];
 165         rate_iops += td->o.rate_iops[ddir];
 166         rate_iops_min += td->o.rate_iops_min[ddir];
 167
 168         /*
 169          * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 170          */
 171         if (td->rate_bytes[ddir] || td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 172                 spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate[ddir], now);
 173                 if (spent < td->o.ratecycle)
 174                         return 0;
 175
 176                 if (td->o.rate[ddir]) {
 177                         /*
 178                          * check bandwidth specified rate
 179                          */
 180                         if (bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 181                                 log_err("%s: min rate %u not met\n", td->o.name,
 182                                                                 ratemin);
 183                                 return 1;
 184                         } else {
 185                                 rate = ((bytes - td->rate_bytes[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 186                                 if (rate < ratemin ||
 187                                     bytes < td->rate_bytes[ddir]) {
 188                                         log_err("%s: min rate %u not met, got"
 189                                                 " %luKB/sec\n", td->o.name,
 190                                                         ratemin, rate);
 191                                         return 1;
 192                                 }
 193                         }
 194                 } else {
 195                         /*
 196                          * checks iops specified rate
 197                          */
 198                         if (iops < rate_iops) {
 199                                 log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met\n",
 200                                                 td->o.name, rate_iops);
 201                                 return 1;
 202                         } else {
 203                                 rate = ((iops - td->rate_blocks[ddir]) * 1000) / spent;
 204                                 if (rate < rate_iops_min ||
 205                                     iops < td->rate_blocks[ddir]) {
 206                                         log_err("%s: min iops rate %u not met,"
 207                                                 " got %lu\n", td->o.name,
 208                                                         rate_iops_min, rate);
 209                                 }
 210                         }
 211                 }
 212         }
 213
 214         td->rate_bytes[ddir] = bytes;
 215         td->rate_blocks[ddir] = iops;
 216         memcpy(&td->lastrate[ddir], now, sizeof(*now));
 217         return 0;
 218 }
 219
 220 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now,
 221                           uint64_t *bytes_done)
 222 {
 223         int ret = 0;
 224
 225         if (bytes_done[DDIR_READ])
 226                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_READ);
 227         if (bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE])
 228                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_WRITE);
 229         if (bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM])
 230                 ret |= __check_min_rate(td, now, DDIR_TRIM);
 231
 232         return ret;
 233 }
 234
 235 /*
 236  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
 237  * io. Attempt to do so.
 238  */
 239 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 240 {
 241         int r;
 242
 243         /*
 244          * get immediately available events, if any
 245          */
 246         r = io_u_queued_complete(td, 0, NULL);
 247         if (r < 0)
 248                 return;
 249
 250         /*
 251          * now cancel remaining active events
 252          */
 253         if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 254                 struct io_u *io_u;
 255                 int i;
 256
 257                 io_u_qiter(&td->io_u_all, io_u, i) {
 258                         if (io_u->flags & IO_U_F_FLIGHT) {
 259                                 r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 260                                 if (!r)
 261                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 262                         }
 263                 }
 264         }
 265
 266         if (td->cur_depth)
 267                 r = io_u_queued_complete(td, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 268 }
 269
 270 /*
 271  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
 272  * io path, just does everything sync.
 273  */
 274 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 275 {
 276         struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 277         int ret;
 278
 279         if (!io_u)
 280                 return 1;
 281
 282         io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 283         io_u->file = f;
 284
 285         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 286                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 287                 return 1;
 288         }
 289
 290 requeue:
 291         ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 292         if (ret < 0) {
 293                 td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 294                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 295                 return 1;
 296         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
 297                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, 1, NULL) < 0)
 298                         return 1;
 299         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_COMPLETED) {
 300                 if (io_u->error) {
 301                         td_verror(td, io_u->error, "td_io_queue");
 302                         return 1;
 303                 }
 304
 305                 if (io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, NULL) < 0)
 306                         return 1;
 307         } else if (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY) {
 308                 if (td_io_commit(td))
 309                         return 1;
 310                 goto requeue;
 311         }
 312
 313         return 0;
 314 }
 315
 316 static int fio_file_fsync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 317 {
 318         int ret;
 319
 320         if (fio_file_open(f))
 321                 return fio_io_sync(td, f);
 322
 323         if (td_io_open_file(td, f))
 324                 return 1;
 325
 326         ret = fio_io_sync(td, f);
 327         td_io_close_file(td, f);
 328         return ret;
 329 }
 330
 331 static inline void __update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 332 {
 333         fio_gettime(&td->tv_cache, NULL);
 334 }
 335
 336 static inline void update_tv_cache(struct thread_data *td)
 337 {
 338         if ((++td->tv_cache_nr & td->tv_cache_mask) == td->tv_cache_mask)
 339                 __update_tv_cache(td);
 340 }
 341
 342 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 343 {
 344         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 345                 return 0;
 346         if (!td->o.timeout)
 347                 return 0;
 348         if (utime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->o.timeout)
 349                 return 1;
 350
 351         return 0;
 352 }
 353
 354 static int break_on_this_error(struct thread_data *td, enum fio_ddir ddir,
 355                                int *retptr)
 356 {
 357         int ret = *retptr;
 358
 359         if (ret < 0 || td->error) {
 360                 int err = td->error;
 361                 enum error_type_bit eb;
 362
 363                 if (ret < 0)
 364                         err = -ret;
 365
 366                 eb = td_error_type(ddir, err);
 367                 if (!(td->o.continue_on_error & (1 << eb)))
 368                         return 1;
 369
 370                 if (td_non_fatal_error(td, eb, err)) {
 371                         /*
 372                          * Continue with the I/Os in case of
 373                          * a non fatal error.
 374                          */
 375                         update_error_count(td, err);
 376                         td_clear_error(td);
 377                         *retptr = 0;
 378                         return 0;
 379                 } else if (td->o.fill_device && err == ENOSPC) {
 380                         /*
 381                          * We expect to hit this error if
 382                          * fill_device option is set.
 383                          */
 384                         td_clear_error(td);
 385                         td->terminate = 1;
 386                         return 1;
 387                 } else {
 388                         /*
 389                          * Stop the I/O in case of a fatal
 390                          * error.
 391                          */
 392                         update_error_count(td, err);
 393                         return 1;
 394                 }
 395         }
 396
 397         return 0;
 398 }
 399
 400 static void check_update_rusage(struct thread_data *td)
 401 {
 402         if (td->update_rusage) {
 403                 td->update_rusage = 0;
 404                 update_rusage_stat(td);
 405                 fio_mutex_up(td->rusage_sem);
 406         }
 407 }
 408
 409 /*
 410  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previously submitted,
 411  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
 412  */
 413 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td, uint64_t verify_bytes)
 414 {
 415         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 416         struct fio_file *f;
 417         struct io_u *io_u;
 418         int ret, min_events;
 419         unsigned int i;
 420
 421         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "starting loop\n");
 422
 423         /*
 424          * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 425          * read from disk.
 426          */
 427         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 428                 if (!fio_file_open(f))
 429                         continue;
 430                 if (fio_io_sync(td, f))
 431                         break;
 432                 if (file_invalidate_cache(td, f))
 433                         break;
 434         }
 435
 436         check_update_rusage(td);
 437
 438         if (td->error)
 439                 return;
 440
 441         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 442
 443         io_u = NULL;
 444         while (!td->terminate) {
 445                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 446                 int ret2, full;
 447
 448                 update_tv_cache(td);
 449                 check_update_rusage(td);
 450
 451                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 452                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 453                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 454                                 td->terminate = 1;
 455                                 break;
 456                         }
 457                 }
 458
 459                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 460                         continue;
 461
 462                 if (!td->o.experimental_verify) {
 463                         io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 464                         if (!io_u)
 465                                 break;
 466
 467                         if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 468                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 469                                 break;
 470                         }
 471
 472                         if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 473                                 put_io_u(td, io_u);
 474                                 break;
 475                         }
 476                 } else {
 477                         if (ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) + td->o.rw_min_bs > verify_bytes)
 478                                 break;
 479
 480                         while ((io_u = get_io_u(td)) != NULL) {
 481                                 if (IS_ERR(io_u)) {
 482                                         io_u = NULL;
 483                                         ret = FIO_Q_BUSY;
 484                                         goto reap;
 485                                 }
 486
 487                                 /*
 488                                  * We are only interested in the places where
 489                                  * we wrote or trimmed IOs. Turn those into
 490                                  * reads for verification purposes.
 491                                  */
 492                                 if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ) {
 493                                         /*
 494                                          * Pretend we issued it for rwmix
 495                                          * accounting
 496                                          */
 497                                         td->io_issues[DDIR_READ]++;
 498                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 499                                         continue;
 500                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_TRIM) {
 501                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 502                                         io_u->flags |= IO_U_F_TRIMMED;
 503                                         break;
 504                                 } else if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE) {
 505                                         io_u->ddir = DDIR_READ;
 506                                         break;
 507                                 } else {
 508                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 509                                         continue;
 510                                 }
 511                         }
 512
 513                         if (!io_u)
 514                                 break;
 515                 }
 516
 517                 if (td->o.verify_async)
 518                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 519                 else
 520                         io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 521
 522                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 523
 524                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 525                 switch (ret) {
 526                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 527                         if (io_u->error) {
 528                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 529                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 530                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 531                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 532
 533                                 /*
 534                                  * zero read, fail
 535                                  */
 536                                 if (!bytes) {
 537                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 538                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 539                                         break;
 540                                 }
 541
 542                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 543                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 544                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 545
 546                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 547                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 548
 549                                 f = io_u->file;
 550                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 551                                         goto sync_done;
 552
 553                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 554                         } else {
 555 sync_done:
 556                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 557                                 if (ret < 0)
 558                                         break;
 559                         }
 560                         continue;
 561                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 562                         break;
 563                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 564                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 565                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 566                         if (ret2 < 0)
 567                                 ret = ret2;
 568                         break;
 569                 default:
 570                         assert(ret < 0);
 571                         td_verror(td, -ret, "td_io_queue");
 572                         break;
 573                 }
 574
 575                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 576                         break;
 577
 578                 /*
 579                  * if we can queue more, do so. but check if there are
 580                  * completed io_u's first. Note that we can get BUSY even
 581                  * without IO queued, if the system is resource starved.
 582                  */
 583 reap:
 584                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 585                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 586                         min_events = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 587                                          td->cur_depth);
 588                         /*
 589                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 590                          */
 591                         if (full && !min_events)
 592                                 min_events = 1;
 593
 594                         do {
 595                                 /*
 596                                  * Reap required number of io units, if any,
 597                                  * and do the verification on them through
 598                                  * the callback handler
 599                                  */
 600                                 if (io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, bytes_done) < 0) {
 601                                         ret = -1;
 602                                         break;
 603                                 }
 604                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 605                 }
 606                 if (ret < 0)
 607                         break;
 608         }
 609
 610         check_update_rusage(td);
 611
 612         if (!td->error) {
 613                 min_events = td->cur_depth;
 614
 615                 if (min_events)
 616                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_events, NULL);
 617         } else
 618                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 619
 620         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 621
 622         dprint(FD_VERIFY, "exiting loop\n");
 623 }
 624
 625 static unsigned int exceeds_number_ios(struct thread_data *td)
 626 {
 627         unsigned long long number_ios;
 628
 629         if (!td->o.number_ios)
 630                 return 0;
 631
 632         number_ios = ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_blocks);
 633         number_ios += td->io_u_queued + td->io_u_in_flight;
 634
 635         return number_ios >= td->o.number_ios;
 636 }
 637
 638 static int io_bytes_exceeded(struct thread_data *td)
 639 {
 640         unsigned long long bytes;
 641
 642         if (td_rw(td))
 643                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ] + td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 644         else if (td_write(td))
 645                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
 646         else if (td_read(td))
 647                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
 648         else
 649                 bytes = td->this_io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
 650
 651         return bytes >= td->o.size || exceeds_number_ios(td);
 652 }
 653
 654 /*
 655  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
 656  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
 657  *
 658  * Returns number of bytes written and trimmed.
 659  */
 660 static uint64_t do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 661 {
 662         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
 663         unsigned int i;
 664         int ret = 0;
 665         uint64_t total_bytes, bytes_issued = 0;
 666
 667         if (in_ramp_time(td))
 668                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 669         else
 670                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 671
 672         lat_target_init(td);
 673
 674         /*
 675          * If verify_backlog is enabled, we'll run the verify in this
 676          * handler as well. For that case, we may need up to twice the
 677          * amount of bytes.
 678          */
 679         total_bytes = td->o.size;
 680         if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
 681            (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_backlog))
 682                 total_bytes += td->o.size;
 683
 684         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
 685                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_bytes_exceeded(td) ||
 686                 td->o.time_based) {
 687                 struct timeval comp_time;
 688                 int min_evts = 0;
 689                 struct io_u *io_u;
 690                 int ret2, full;
 691                 enum fio_ddir ddir;
 692
 693                 check_update_rusage(td);
 694
 695                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
 696                         break;
 697
 698                 update_tv_cache(td);
 699
 700                 if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 701                         __update_tv_cache(td);
 702                         if (runtime_exceeded(td, &td->tv_cache)) {
 703                                 td->terminate = 1;
 704                                 break;
 705                         }
 706                 }
 707
 708                 if (flow_threshold_exceeded(td))
 709                         continue;
 710
 711                 if (bytes_issued >= total_bytes)
 712                         break;
 713
 714                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
 715                 if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(io_u)) {
 716                         int err = PTR_ERR(io_u);
 717
 718                         io_u = NULL;
 719                         if (err == -EBUSY) {
 720                                 ret = FIO_Q_BUSY;
 721                                 goto reap;
 722                         }
 723                         if (td->o.latency_target)
 724                                 goto reap;
 725                         break;
 726                 }
 727
 728                 ddir = io_u->ddir;
 729
 730                 /*
 731                  * Add verification end_io handler if:
 732                  *      - Asked to verify (!td_rw(td))
 733                  *      - Or the io_u is from our verify list (mixed write/ver)
 734                  */
 735                 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ &&
 736                     ((io_u->flags & IO_U_F_VER_LIST) || !td_rw(td))) {
 737
 738                         if (!td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
 739                                 io_u->rand_seed = __rand(&td->__verify_state);
 740                                 if (sizeof(int) != sizeof(long *))
 741                                         io_u->rand_seed *= __rand(&td->__verify_state);
 742                         }
 743
 744                         if (td->o.verify_async)
 745                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u_async;
 746                         else
 747                                 io_u->end_io = verify_io_u;
 748                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);
 749                 } else if (in_ramp_time(td))
 750                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
 751                 else
 752                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 753
 754                 /*
 755                  * Always log IO before it's issued, so we know the specific
 756                  * order of it. The logged unit will track when the IO has
 757                  * completed.
 758                  */
 759                 if (td_write(td) && io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE &&
 760                     td->o.do_verify &&
 761                     td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
 762                     !td->o.experimental_verify)
 763                         log_io_piece(td, io_u);
 764
 765                 ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 766                 switch (ret) {
 767                 case FIO_Q_COMPLETED:
 768                         if (io_u->error) {
 769                                 ret = -io_u->error;
 770                                 clear_io_u(td, io_u);
 771                         } else if (io_u->resid) {
 772                                 int bytes = io_u->xfer_buflen - io_u->resid;
 773                                 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 774
 775                                 bytes_issued += bytes;
 776                                 /*
 777                                  * zero read, fail
 778                                  */
 779                                 if (!bytes) {
 780                                         td_verror(td, EIO, "full resid");
 781                                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 782                                         break;
 783                                 }
 784
 785                                 io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 786                                 io_u->xfer_buf += bytes;
 787                                 io_u->offset += bytes;
 788
 789                                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir))
 790                                         td->ts.short_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
 791
 792                                 if (io_u->offset == f->real_file_size)
 793                                         goto sync_done;
 794
 795                                 requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 796                         } else {
 797 sync_done:
 798                                 if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 799                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 800                                     __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 801                                         fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 802
 803                                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
 804                                 if (ret < 0)
 805                                         break;
 806                                 bytes_issued += io_u->xfer_buflen;
 807                         }
 808                         break;
 809                 case FIO_Q_QUEUED:
 810                         /*
 811                          * if the engine doesn't have a commit hook,
 812                          * the io_u is really queued. if it does have such
 813                          * a hook, it has to call io_u_queued() itself.
 814                          */
 815                         if (td->io_ops->commit == NULL)
 816                                 io_u_queued(td, io_u);
 817                         bytes_issued += io_u->xfer_buflen;
 818                         break;
 819                 case FIO_Q_BUSY:
 820                         requeue_io_u(td, &io_u);
 821                         ret2 = td_io_commit(td);
 822                         if (ret2 < 0)
 823                                 ret = ret2;
 824                         break;
 825                 default:
 826                         assert(ret < 0);
 827                         put_io_u(td, io_u);
 828                         break;
 829                 }
 830
 831                 if (break_on_this_error(td, ddir, &ret))
 832                         break;
 833
 834                 /*
 835                  * See if we need to complete some commands. Note that we
 836                  * can get BUSY even without IO queued, if the system is
 837                  * resource starved.
 838                  */
 839 reap:
 840                 full = queue_full(td) || (ret == FIO_Q_BUSY && td->cur_depth);
 841                 if (full || !td->o.iodepth_batch_complete) {
 842                         min_evts = min(td->o.iodepth_batch_complete,
 843                                         td->cur_depth);
 844                         /*
 845                          * if the queue is full, we MUST reap at least 1 event
 846                          */
 847                         if (full && !min_evts)
 848                                 min_evts = 1;
 849
 850                         if (__should_check_rate(td, DDIR_READ) ||
 851                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_WRITE) ||
 852                             __should_check_rate(td, DDIR_TRIM))
 853                                 fio_gettime(&comp_time, NULL);
 854
 855                         do {
 856                                 ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, min_evts, bytes_done);
 857                                 if (ret < 0)
 858                                         break;
 859
 860                         } while (full && (td->cur_depth > td->o.iodepth_low));
 861                 }
 862
 863                 if (ret < 0)
 864                         break;
 865                 if (!ddir_rw_sum(bytes_done) && !(td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO))
 866                         continue;
 867
 868                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && should_check_rate(td, bytes_done)) {
 869                         if (check_min_rate(td, &comp_time, bytes_done)) {
 870                                 if (exitall_on_terminate)
 871                                         fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
 872                                 td_verror(td, EIO, "check_min_rate");
 873                                 break;
 874                         }
 875                 }
 876                 if (!in_ramp_time(td) && td->o.latency_target)
 877                         lat_target_check(td);
 878
 879                 if (td->o.thinktime) {
 880                         unsigned long long b;
 881
 882                         b = ddir_rw_sum(td->io_blocks);
 883                         if (!(b % td->o.thinktime_blocks)) {
 884                                 int left;
 885
 886                                 io_u_quiesce(td);
 887
 888                                 if (td->o.thinktime_spin)
 889                                         usec_spin(td->o.thinktime_spin);
 890
 891                                 left = td->o.thinktime - td->o.thinktime_spin;
 892                                 if (left)
 893                                         usec_sleep(td, left);
 894                         }
 895                 }
 896         }
 897
 898         check_update_rusage(td);
 899
 900         if (td->trim_entries)
 901                 log_err("fio: %lu trim entries leaked?\n", td->trim_entries);
 902
 903         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC) {
 904                 td->error = 0;
 905                 td->terminate = 1;
 906         }
 907         if (!td->error) {
 908                 struct fio_file *f;
 909
 910                 i = td->cur_depth;
 911                 if (i) {
 912                         ret = io_u_queued_complete(td, i, bytes_done);
 913                         if (td->o.fill_device && td->error == ENOSPC)
 914                                 td->error = 0;
 915                 }
 916
 917                 if (should_fsync(td) && td->o.end_fsync) {
 918                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 919
 920                         for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 921                                 if (!fio_file_fsync(td, f))
 922                                         continue;
 923
 924                                 log_err("fio: end_fsync failed for file %s\n",
 925                                                                 f->file_name);
 926                         }
 927                 }
 928         } else
 929                 cleanup_pending_aio(td);
 930
 931         /*
 932          * stop job if we failed doing any IO
 933          */
 934         if (!ddir_rw_sum(td->this_io_bytes))
 935                 td->done = 1;
 936
 937         return bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] + bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
 938 }
 939
 940 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 941 {
 942         struct io_u *io_u;
 943
 944         while ((io_u = io_u_qpop(&td->io_u_freelist)) != NULL) {
 945
 946                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_free)
 947                         td->io_ops->io_u_free(td, io_u);
 948
 949                 fio_memfree(io_u, sizeof(*io_u));
 950         }
 951
 952         free_io_mem(td);
 953
 954         io_u_rexit(&td->io_u_requeues);
 955         io_u_qexit(&td->io_u_freelist);
 956         io_u_qexit(&td->io_u_all);
 957 }
 958
 959 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 960 {
 961         struct io_u *io_u;
 962         unsigned int max_bs, min_write;
 963         int cl_align, i, max_units;
 964         int data_xfer = 1, err;
 965         char *p;
 966
 967         max_units = td->o.iodepth;
 968         max_bs = td_max_bs(td);
 969         min_write = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 970         td->orig_buffer_size = (unsigned long long) max_bs
 971                                         * (unsigned long long) max_units;
 972
 973         if ((td->io_ops->flags & FIO_NOIO) || !(td_read(td) || td_write(td)))
 974                 data_xfer = 0;
 975
 976         err = 0;
 977         err += io_u_rinit(&td->io_u_requeues, td->o.iodepth);
 978         err += io_u_qinit(&td->io_u_freelist, td->o.iodepth);
 979         err += io_u_qinit(&td->io_u_all, td->o.iodepth);
 980
 981         if (err) {
 982                 log_err("fio: failed setting up IO queues\n");
 983                 return 1;
 984         }
 985
 986         /*
 987          * if we may later need to do address alignment, then add any
 988          * possible adjustment here so that we don't cause a buffer
 989          * overflow later. this adjustment may be too much if we get
 990          * lucky and the allocator gives us an aligned address.
 991          */
 992         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || td->o.oatomic ||
 993             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
 994                 td->orig_buffer_size += page_mask + td->o.mem_align;
 995
 996         if (td->o.mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->o.mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE) {
 997                 unsigned long bs;
 998
 999                 bs = td->orig_buffer_size + td->o.hugepage_size - 1;
1000                 td->orig_buffer_size = bs & ~(td->o.hugepage_size - 1);
1001         }
1002
1003         if (td->orig_buffer_size != (size_t) td->orig_buffer_size) {
1004                 log_err("fio: IO memory too large. Reduce max_bs or iodepth\n");
1005                 return 1;
1006         }
1007
1008         if (data_xfer && allocate_io_mem(td))
1009                 return 1;
1010
1011         if (td->o.odirect || td->o.mem_align || td->o.oatomic ||
1012             (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_RAWIO))
1013                 p = PAGE_ALIGN(td->orig_buffer) + td->o.mem_align;
1014         else
1015                 p = td->orig_buffer;
1016
1017         cl_align = os_cache_line_size();
1018
1019         for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
1020                 void *ptr;
1021
1022                 if (td->terminate)
1023                         return 1;
1024
1025                 ptr = fio_memalign(cl_align, sizeof(*io_u));
1026                 if (!ptr) {
1027                         log_err("fio: unable to allocate aligned memory\n");
1028                         break;
1029                 }
1030
1031                 io_u = ptr;
1032                 memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
1033                 INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&io_u->verify_list);
1034                 dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u alloc %p, index %u\n", io_u, i);
1035
1036                 if (data_xfer) {
1037                         io_u->buf = p;
1038                         dprint(FD_MEM, "io_u %p, mem %p\n", io_u, io_u->buf);
1039
1040                         if (td_write(td))
1041                                 io_u_fill_buffer(td, io_u, min_write, max_bs);
1042                         if (td_write(td) && td->o.verify_pattern_bytes) {
1043                                 /*
1044                                  * Fill the buffer with the pattern if we are
1045                                  * going to be doing writes.
1046                                  */
1047                                 fill_verify_pattern(td, io_u->buf, max_bs, io_u, 0, 0);
1048                         }
1049                 }
1050
1051                 io_u->index = i;
1052                 io_u->flags = IO_U_F_FREE;
1053                 io_u_qpush(&td->io_u_freelist, io_u);
1054
1055                 /*
1056                  * io_u never leaves this stack, used for iteration of all
1057                  * io_u buffers.
1058                  */
1059                 io_u_qpush(&td->io_u_all, io_u);
1060
1061                 if (td->io_ops->io_u_init) {
1062                         int ret = td->io_ops->io_u_init(td, io_u);
1063
1064                         if (ret) {
1065                                 log_err("fio: failed to init engine data: %d\n", ret);
1066                                 return 1;
1067                         }
1068                 }
1069
1070                 p += max_bs;
1071         }
1072
1073         return 0;
1074 }
1075
1076 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
1077 {
1078         char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
1079         FILE *f;
1080         int ret;
1081
1082         if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_DISKLESSIO)
1083                 return 0;
1084
1085         sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);
1086
1087         f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
1088         if (!f) {
1089                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1090                         log_err("fio: os or kernel doesn't support IO scheduler"
1091                                 " switching\n");
1092                         return 0;
1093                 }
1094                 td_verror(td, errno, "fopen iosched");
1095                 return 1;
1096         }
1097
1098         /*
1099          * Set io scheduler.
1100          */
1101         ret = fwrite(td->o.ioscheduler, strlen(td->o.ioscheduler), 1, f);
1102         if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
1103                 td_verror(td, errno, "fwrite");
1104                 fclose(f);
1105                 return 1;
1106         }
1107
1108         rewind(f);
1109
1110         /*
1111          * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
1112          */
1113         memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
1114         ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp) - 1, f);
1115         if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
1116                 td_verror(td, errno, "fread");
1117                 fclose(f);
1118                 return 1;
1119         }
1120
1121         sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->o.ioscheduler);
1122         if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
1123                 log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->o.ioscheduler);
1124                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "iosched_switch");
1125                 fclose(f);
1126                 return 1;
1127         }
1128
1129         fclose(f);
1130         return 0;
1131 }
1132
1133 static int keep_running(struct thread_data *td)
1134 {
1135         if (td->done)
1136                 return 0;
1137         if (td->o.time_based)
1138                 return 1;
1139         if (td->o.loops) {
1140                 td->o.loops--;
1141                 return 1;
1142         }
1143         if (exceeds_number_ios(td))
1144                 return 0;
1145
1146         if (td->o.size != -1ULL && ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes) < td->o.size) {
1147                 uint64_t diff;
1148
1149                 /*
1150                  * If the difference is less than the minimum IO size, we
1151                  * are done.
1152                  */
1153                 diff = td->o.size - ddir_rw_sum(td->io_bytes);
1154                 if (diff < td_max_bs(td))
1155                         return 0;
1156
1157                 if (fio_files_done(td))
1158                         return 0;
1159
1160                 return 1;
1161         }
1162
1163         return 0;
1164 }
1165
1166 static int exec_string(struct thread_options *o, const char *string, const char *mode)
1167 {
1168         int ret, newlen = strlen(string) + strlen(o->name) + strlen(mode) + 9 + 1;
1169         char *str;
1170
1171         str = malloc(newlen);
1172         sprintf(str, "%s &> %s.%s.txt", string, o->name, mode);
1173
1174         log_info("%s : Saving output of %s in %s.%s.txt\n",o->name, mode, o->name, mode);
1175         ret = system(str);
1176         if (ret == -1)
1177                 log_err("fio: exec of cmd <%s> failed\n", str);
1178
1179         free(str);
1180         return ret;
1181 }
1182
1183 /*
1184  * Dry run to compute correct state of numberio for verification.
1185  */
1186 static uint64_t do_dry_run(struct thread_data *td)
1187 {
1188         uint64_t bytes_done[DDIR_RWDIR_CNT] = { 0, 0, 0 };
1189
1190         td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1191
1192         while ((td->o.read_iolog_file && !flist_empty(&td->io_log_list)) ||
1193                 (!flist_empty(&td->trim_list)) || !io_bytes_exceeded(td)) {
1194                 struct io_u *io_u;
1195                 int ret;
1196
1197                 if (td->terminate || td->done)
1198                         break;
1199
1200                 io_u = get_io_u(td);
1201                 if (!io_u)
1202                         break;
1203
1204                 io_u->flags |= IO_U_F_FLIGHT;
1205                 io_u->error = 0;
1206                 io_u->resid = 0;
1207                 if (ddir_rw(acct_ddir(io_u)))
1208                         td->io_issues[acct_ddir(io_u)]++;
1209                 if (ddir_rw(io_u->ddir)) {
1210                         io_u_mark_depth(td, 1);
1211                         td->ts.total_io_u[io_u->ddir]++;
1212                 }
1213
1214                 if (td_write(td) && io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE &&
1215                     td->o.do_verify &&
1216                     td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
1217                     !td->o.experimental_verify)
1218                         log_io_piece(td, io_u);
1219
1220                 ret = io_u_sync_complete(td, io_u, bytes_done);
1221                 (void) ret;
1222         }
1223
1224         return bytes_done[DDIR_WRITE] + bytes_done[DDIR_TRIM];
1225 }
1226
1227 /*
1228  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
1229  * here as well, after a little setup.
1230  */
1231 static void *thread_main(void *data)
1232 {
1233         unsigned long long elapsed;
1234         struct thread_data *td = data;
1235         struct thread_options *o = &td->o;
1236         pthread_condattr_t attr;
1237         int clear_state;
1238         int ret;
1239
1240         if (!o->use_thread) {
1241                 setsid();
1242                 td->pid = getpid();
1243         } else
1244                 td->pid = gettid();
1245
1246         /*
1247          * fio_time_init() may not have been called yet if running as a server
1248          */
1249         fio_time_init();
1250
1251         fio_local_clock_init(o->use_thread);
1252
1253         dprint(FD_PROCESS, "jobs pid=%d started\n", (int) td->pid);
1254
1255         if (is_backend)
1256                 fio_server_send_start(td);
1257
1258         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);
1259         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
1260         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->verify_list);
1261         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->trim_list);
1262         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&td->next_rand_list);
1263         pthread_mutex_init(&td->io_u_lock, NULL);
1264         td->io_hist_tree = RB_ROOT;
1265
1266         pthread_condattr_init(&attr);
1267         pthread_cond_init(&td->verify_cond, &attr);
1268         pthread_cond_init(&td->free_cond, &attr);
1269
1270         td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
1271         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "up startup_mutex\n");
1272         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1273         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on td->mutex\n");
1274         fio_mutex_down(td->mutex);
1275         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on td->mutex\n");
1276
1277         /*
1278          * A new gid requires privilege, so we need to do this before setting
1279          * the uid.
1280          */
1281         if (o->gid != -1U && setgid(o->gid)) {
1282                 td_verror(td, errno, "setgid");
1283                 goto err;
1284         }
1285         if (o->uid != -1U && setuid(o->uid)) {
1286                 td_verror(td, errno, "setuid");
1287                 goto err;
1288         }
1289
1290         /*
1291          * If we have a gettimeofday() thread, make sure we exclude that
1292          * thread from this job
1293          */
1294         if (o->gtod_cpu)
1295                 fio_cpu_clear(&o->cpumask, o->gtod_cpu);
1296
1297         /*
1298          * Set affinity first, in case it has an impact on the memory
1299          * allocations.
1300          */
1301         if (o->cpumask_set) {
1302                 if (o->cpus_allowed_policy == FIO_CPUS_SPLIT) {
1303                         ret = fio_cpus_split(&o->cpumask, td->thread_number - 1);
1304                         if (!ret) {
1305                                 log_err("fio: no CPUs set\n");
1306                                 log_err("fio: Try increasing number of available CPUs\n");
1307                                 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "cpus_split");
1308                                 goto err;
1309                         }
1310                 }
1311                 ret = fio_setaffinity(td->pid, o->cpumask);
1312                 if (ret == -1) {
1313                         td_verror(td, errno, "cpu_set_affinity");
1314                         goto err;
1315                 }
1316         }
1317
1318 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBNUMA
1319         /* numa node setup */
1320         if (o->numa_cpumask_set || o->numa_memmask_set) {
1321                 int ret;
1322
1323                 if (numa_available() < 0) {
1324                         td_verror(td, errno, "Does not support NUMA API\n");
1325                         goto err;
1326                 }
1327
1328                 if (o->numa_cpumask_set) {
1329                         ret = numa_run_on_node_mask(o->numa_cpunodesmask);
1330                         if (ret == -1) {
1331                                 td_verror(td, errno, \
1332                                         "numa_run_on_node_mask failed\n");
1333                                 goto err;
1334                         }
1335                 }
1336
1337                 if (o->numa_memmask_set) {
1338
1339                         switch (o->numa_mem_mode) {
1340                         case MPOL_INTERLEAVE:
1341                                 numa_set_interleave_mask(o->numa_memnodesmask);
1342                                 break;
1343                         case MPOL_BIND:
1344                                 numa_set_membind(o->numa_memnodesmask);
1345                                 break;
1346                         case MPOL_LOCAL:
1347                                 numa_set_localalloc();
1348                                 break;
1349                         case MPOL_PREFERRED:
1350                                 numa_set_preferred(o->numa_mem_prefer_node);
1351                                 break;
1352                         case MPOL_DEFAULT:
1353                         default:
1354                                 break;
1355                         }
1356
1357                 }
1358         }
1359 #endif
1360
1361         if (fio_pin_memory(td))
1362                 goto err;
1363
1364         /*
1365          * May alter parameters that init_io_u() will use, so we need to
1366          * do this first.
1367          */
1368         if (init_iolog(td))
1369                 goto err;
1370
1371         if (init_io_u(td))
1372                 goto err;
1373
1374         if (o->verify_async && verify_async_init(td))
1375                 goto err;
1376
1377         if (o->ioprio) {
1378                 ret = ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, o->ioprio_class, o->ioprio);
1379                 if (ret == -1) {
1380                         td_verror(td, errno, "ioprio_set");
1381                         goto err;
1382                 }
1383         }
1384
1385         if (o->cgroup && cgroup_setup(td, cgroup_list, &cgroup_mnt))
1386                 goto err;
1387
1388         errno = 0;
1389         if (nice(o->nice) == -1 && errno != 0) {
1390                 td_verror(td, errno, "nice");
1391                 goto err;
1392         }
1393
1394         if (o->ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
1395                 goto err;
1396
1397         if (!o->create_serialize && setup_files(td))
1398                 goto err;
1399
1400         if (td_io_init(td))
1401                 goto err;
1402
1403         if (init_random_map(td))
1404                 goto err;
1405
1406         if (o->exec_prerun && exec_string(o, o->exec_prerun, (const char *)"prerun"))
1407                 goto err;
1408
1409         if (o->pre_read) {
1410                 if (pre_read_files(td) < 0)
1411                         goto err;
1412         }
1413
1414         fio_verify_init(td);
1415
1416         fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
1417         fio_getrusage(&td->ru_start);
1418         clear_state = 0;
1419         while (keep_running(td)) {
1420                 uint64_t verify_bytes;
1421
1422                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1423                 memcpy(&td->bw_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1424                 memcpy(&td->iops_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1425                 memcpy(&td->tv_cache, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));
1426
1427                 if (o->ratemin[DDIR_READ] || o->ratemin[DDIR_WRITE] ||
1428                                 o->ratemin[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1429                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_READ], &td->bw_sample_time,
1430                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1431                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_WRITE], &td->bw_sample_time,
1432                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1433                         memcpy(&td->lastrate[DDIR_TRIM], &td->bw_sample_time,
1434                                                 sizeof(td->bw_sample_time));
1435                 }
1436
1437                 if (clear_state)
1438                         clear_io_state(td);
1439
1440                 prune_io_piece_log(td);
1441
1442                 if (td->o.verify_only && (td_write(td) || td_rw(td)))
1443                         verify_bytes = do_dry_run(td);
1444                 else
1445                         verify_bytes = do_io(td);
1446
1447                 clear_state = 1;
1448
1449                 if (td_read(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ]) {
1450                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1451                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += elapsed;
1452                 }
1453                 if (td_write(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE]) {
1454                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1455                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] += elapsed;
1456                 }
1457                 if (td_trim(td) && td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM]) {
1458                         elapsed = utime_since_now(&td->start);
1459                         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] += elapsed;
1460                 }
1461
1462                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1463                         break;
1464
1465                 if (!o->do_verify ||
1466                     o->verify == VERIFY_NONE ||
1467                     (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_UNIDIR))
1468                         continue;
1469
1470                 clear_io_state(td);
1471
1472                 fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
1473
1474                 do_verify(td, verify_bytes);
1475
1476                 td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
1477
1478                 if (td->error || td->terminate)
1479                         break;
1480         }
1481
1482         update_rusage_stat(td);
1483         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_READ] + 999) / 1000;
1484         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_WRITE] + 999) / 1000;
1485         td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] = (td->ts.runtime[DDIR_TRIM] + 999) / 1000;
1486         td->ts.total_run_time = mtime_since_now(&td->epoch);
1487         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_READ] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_READ];
1488         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_WRITE];
1489         td->ts.io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM] = td->io_bytes[DDIR_TRIM];
1490
1491         fio_unpin_memory(td);
1492
1493         fio_writeout_logs(td);
1494
1495         if (o->exec_postrun)
1496                 exec_string(o, o->exec_postrun, (const char *)"postrun");
1497
1498         if (exitall_on_terminate)
1499                 fio_terminate_threads(td->groupid);
1500
1501 err:
1502         if (td->error)
1503                 log_info("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n", (int) td->pid, td->error,
1504                                                         td->verror);
1505
1506         if (o->verify_async)
1507                 verify_async_exit(td);
1508
1509         close_and_free_files(td);
1510         cleanup_io_u(td);
1511         close_ioengine(td);
1512         cgroup_shutdown(td, &cgroup_mnt);
1513
1514         if (o->cpumask_set) {
1515                 int ret = fio_cpuset_exit(&o->cpumask);
1516
1517                 td_verror(td, ret, "fio_cpuset_exit");
1518         }
1519
1520         /*
1521          * do this very late, it will log file closing as well
1522          */
1523         if (o->write_iolog_file)
1524                 write_iolog_close(td);
1525
1526         fio_mutex_remove(td->rusage_sem);
1527         td->rusage_sem = NULL;
1528
1529         fio_mutex_remove(td->mutex);
1530         td->mutex = NULL;
1531
1532         td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
1533         return (void *) (uintptr_t) td->error;
1534 }
1535
1536
1537 /*
1538  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
1539  * pass it to the thread worker.
1540  */
1541 static int fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
1542 {
1543         struct thread_data *td;
1544         void *data, *ret;
1545
1546 #ifndef __hpux
1547         data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
1548         if (data == (void *) -1) {
1549                 int __err = errno;
1550
1551                 perror("shmat");
1552                 return __err;
1553         }
1554 #else
1555         /*
1556          * HP-UX inherits shm mappings?
1557          */
1558         data = threads;
1559 #endif
1560
1561         td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
1562         ret = thread_main(td);
1563         shmdt(data);
1564         return (int) (uintptr_t) ret;
1565 }
1566
1567 /*
1568  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
1569  */
1570 static void reap_threads(unsigned int *nr_running, unsigned int *t_rate,
1571                          unsigned int *m_rate)
1572 {
1573         struct thread_data *td;
1574         unsigned int cputhreads, realthreads, pending;
1575         int i, status, ret;
1576
1577         /*
1578          * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
1579          */
1580         realthreads = pending = cputhreads = 0;
1581         for_each_td(td, i) {
1582                 int flags = 0;
1583
1584                 /*
1585                  * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
1586                  * io engine
1587                  */
1588                 if (td->io_ops && !strcmp(td->io_ops->name, "cpuio"))
1589                         cputhreads++;
1590                 else
1591                         realthreads++;
1592
1593                 if (!td->pid) {
1594                         pending++;
1595                         continue;
1596                 }
1597                 if (td->runstate == TD_REAPED)
1598                         continue;
1599                 if (td->o.use_thread) {
1600                         if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED) {
1601                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1602                                 goto reaped;
1603                         }
1604                         continue;
1605                 }
1606
1607                 flags = WNOHANG;
1608                 if (td->runstate == TD_EXITED)
1609                         flags = 0;
1610
1611                 /*
1612                  * check if someone quit or got killed in an unusual way
1613                  */
1614                 ret = waitpid(td->pid, &status, flags);
1615                 if (ret < 0) {
1616                         if (errno == ECHILD) {
1617                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d disappeared %d\n",
1618                                                 (int) td->pid, td->runstate);
1619                                 td->sig = ECHILD;
1620                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1621                                 goto reaped;
1622                         }
1623                         perror("waitpid");
1624                 } else if (ret == td->pid) {
1625                         if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1626                                 int sig = WTERMSIG(status);
1627
1628                                 if (sig != SIGTERM && sig != SIGUSR2)
1629                                         log_err("fio: pid=%d, got signal=%d\n",
1630                                                         (int) td->pid, sig);
1631                                 td->sig = sig;
1632                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1633                                 goto reaped;
1634                         }
1635                         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
1636                                 if (WEXITSTATUS(status) && !td->error)
1637                                         td->error = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1638
1639                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1640                                 goto reaped;
1641                         }
1642                 }
1643
1644                 /*
1645                  * thread is not dead, continue
1646                  */
1647                 pending++;
1648                 continue;
1649 reaped:
1650                 (*nr_running)--;
1651                 (*m_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1652                 (*t_rate) -= ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1653                 if (!td->pid)
1654                         pending--;
1655
1656                 if (td->error)
1657                         exit_value++;
1658
1659                 done_secs += mtime_since_now(&td->epoch) / 1000;
1660                 profile_td_exit(td);
1661         }
1662
1663         if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending && realthreads)
1664                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1665 }
1666
1667 static void do_usleep(unsigned int usecs)
1668 {
1669         check_for_running_stats();
1670         usleep(usecs);
1671 }
1672
1673 /*
1674  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
1675  */
1676 static void run_threads(void)
1677 {
1678         struct thread_data *td;
1679         unsigned int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
1680         uint64_t spent;
1681
1682         if (fio_gtod_offload && fio_start_gtod_thread())
1683                 return;
1684
1685         fio_idle_prof_init();
1686
1687         set_sig_handlers();
1688
1689         nr_thread = nr_process = 0;
1690         for_each_td(td, i) {
1691                 if (td->o.use_thread)
1692                         nr_thread++;
1693                 else
1694                         nr_process++;
1695         }
1696
1697         if (output_format == FIO_OUTPUT_NORMAL) {
1698                 log_info("Starting ");
1699                 if (nr_thread)
1700                         log_info("%d thread%s", nr_thread,
1701                                                 nr_thread > 1 ? "s" : "");
1702                 if (nr_process) {
1703                         if (nr_thread)
1704                                 log_info(" and ");
1705                         log_info("%d process%s", nr_process,
1706                                                 nr_process > 1 ? "es" : "");
1707                 }
1708                 log_info("\n");
1709                 fflush(stdout);
1710         }
1711
1712         todo = thread_number;
1713         nr_running = 0;
1714         nr_started = 0;
1715         m_rate = t_rate = 0;
1716
1717         for_each_td(td, i) {
1718                 print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);
1719
1720                 if (!td->o.create_serialize)
1721                         continue;
1722
1723                 /*
1724                  * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
1725                  * we don't want X number of threads getting their
1726                  * client data interspersed on disk
1727                  */
1728                 if (setup_files(td)) {
1729                         exit_value++;
1730                         if (td->error)
1731                                 log_err("fio: pid=%d, err=%d/%s\n",
1732                                         (int) td->pid, td->error, td->verror);
1733                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
1734                         todo--;
1735                 } else {
1736                         struct fio_file *f;
1737                         unsigned int j;
1738
1739                         /*
1740                          * for sharing to work, each job must always open
1741                          * its own files. so close them, if we opened them
1742                          * for creation
1743                          */
1744                         for_each_file(td, f, j) {
1745                                 if (fio_file_open(f))
1746                                         td_io_close_file(td, f);
1747                         }
1748                 }
1749         }
1750
1751         /* start idle threads before io threads start to run */
1752         fio_idle_prof_start();
1753
1754         set_genesis_time();
1755
1756         while (todo) {
1757                 struct thread_data *map[REAL_MAX_JOBS];
1758                 struct timeval this_start;
1759                 int this_jobs = 0, left;
1760
1761                 /*
1762                  * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
1763                  */
1764                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1765                         if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
1766                                 continue;
1767
1768                         /*
1769                          * never got a chance to start, killed by other
1770                          * thread for some reason
1771                          */
1772                         if (td->terminate) {
1773                                 todo--;
1774                                 continue;
1775                         }
1776
1777                         if (td->o.start_delay) {
1778                                 spent = utime_since_genesis();
1779
1780                                 if (td->o.start_delay > spent)
1781                                         continue;
1782                         }
1783
1784                         if (td->o.stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running)) {
1785                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "%s: stonewall wait\n",
1786                                                         td->o.name);
1787                                 break;
1788                         }
1789
1790                         init_disk_util(td);
1791
1792                         td->rusage_sem = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1793                         td->update_rusage = 0;
1794
1795                         /*
1796                          * Set state to created. Thread will transition
1797                          * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
1798                          */
1799                         td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
1800                         map[this_jobs++] = td;
1801                         nr_started++;
1802
1803                         if (td->o.use_thread) {
1804                                 int ret;
1805
1806                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will pthread_create\n");
1807                                 ret = pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL,
1808                                                         thread_main, td);
1809                                 if (ret) {
1810                                         log_err("pthread_create: %s\n",
1811                                                         strerror(ret));
1812                                         nr_started--;
1813                                         break;
1814                                 }
1815                                 ret = pthread_detach(td->thread);
1816                                 if (ret)
1817                                         log_err("pthread_detach: %s",
1818                                                         strerror(ret));
1819                         } else {
1820                                 pid_t pid;
1821                                 dprint(FD_PROCESS, "will fork\n");
1822                                 pid = fork();
1823                                 if (!pid) {
1824                                         int ret = fork_main(shm_id, i);
1825
1826                                         _exit(ret);
1827                                 } else if (i == fio_debug_jobno)
1828                                         *fio_debug_jobp = pid;
1829                         }
1830                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1831                         if (fio_mutex_down_timeout(startup_mutex, 10)) {
1832                                 log_err("fio: job startup hung? exiting.\n");
1833                                 fio_terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL);
1834                                 fio_abort = 1;
1835                                 nr_started--;
1836                                 break;
1837                         }
1838                         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1839                 }
1840
1841                 /*
1842                  * Wait for the started threads to transition to
1843                  * TD_INITIALIZED.
1844                  */
1845                 fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
1846                 left = this_jobs;
1847                 while (left && !fio_abort) {
1848                         if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
1849                                 break;
1850
1851                         do_usleep(100000);
1852
1853                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1854                                 td = map[i];
1855                                 if (!td)
1856                                         continue;
1857                                 if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
1858                                         map[i] = NULL;
1859                                         left--;
1860                                 } else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
1861                                         map[i] = NULL;
1862                                         left--;
1863                                         todo--;
1864                                         nr_running++; /* work-around... */
1865                                 }
1866                         }
1867                 }
1868
1869                 if (left) {
1870                         log_err("fio: %d job%s failed to start\n", left,
1871                                         left > 1 ? "s" : "");
1872                         for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
1873                                 td = map[i];
1874                                 if (!td)
1875                                         continue;
1876                                 kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
1877                         }
1878                         break;
1879                 }
1880
1881                 /*
1882                  * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
1883                  */
1884                 for_each_td(td, i) {
1885                         if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
1886                                 continue;
1887
1888                         if (in_ramp_time(td))
1889                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RAMP);
1890                         else
1891                                 td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
1892                         nr_running++;
1893                         nr_started--;
1894                         m_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.ratemin);
1895                         t_rate += ddir_rw_sum(td->o.rate);
1896                         todo--;
1897                         fio_mutex_up(td->mutex);
1898                 }
1899
1900                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1901
1902                 if (todo)
1903                         do_usleep(100000);
1904         }
1905
1906         while (nr_running) {
1907                 reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
1908                 do_usleep(10000);
1909         }
1910
1911         fio_idle_prof_stop();
1912
1913         update_io_ticks();
1914 }
1915
1916 void wait_for_disk_thread_exit(void)
1917 {
1918         fio_mutex_down(disk_thread_mutex);
1919 }
1920
1921 static void free_disk_util(void)
1922 {
1923         disk_util_start_exit();
1924         wait_for_disk_thread_exit();
1925         disk_util_prune_entries();
1926 }
1927
1928 static void *disk_thread_main(void *data)
1929 {
1930         int ret = 0;
1931
1932         fio_mutex_up(startup_mutex);
1933
1934         while (threads && !ret) {
1935                 usleep(DISK_UTIL_MSEC * 1000);
1936                 if (!threads)
1937                         break;
1938                 ret = update_io_ticks();
1939
1940                 if (!is_backend)
1941                         print_thread_status();
1942         }
1943
1944         fio_mutex_up(disk_thread_mutex);
1945         return NULL;
1946 }
1947
1948 static int create_disk_util_thread(void)
1949 {
1950         int ret;
1951
1952         setup_disk_util();
1953
1954         disk_thread_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1955
1956         ret = pthread_create(&disk_util_thread, NULL, disk_thread_main, NULL);
1957         if (ret) {
1958                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1959                 log_err("Can't create disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1960                 return 1;
1961         }
1962
1963         ret = pthread_detach(disk_util_thread);
1964         if (ret) {
1965                 fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
1966                 log_err("Can't detatch disk util thread: %s\n", strerror(ret));
1967                 return 1;
1968         }
1969
1970         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "wait on startup_mutex\n");
1971         fio_mutex_down(startup_mutex);
1972         dprint(FD_MUTEX, "done waiting on startup_mutex\n");
1973         return 0;
1974 }
1975
1976 int fio_backend(void)
1977 {
1978         struct thread_data *td;
1979         int i;
1980
1981         if (exec_profile) {
1982                 if (load_profile(exec_profile))
1983                         return 1;
1984                 free(exec_profile);
1985                 exec_profile = NULL;
1986         }
1987         if (!thread_number)
1988                 return 0;
1989
1990         if (write_bw_log) {
1991                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1992                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1993                 setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM], 0, IO_LOG_TYPE_BW);
1994         }
1995
1996         startup_mutex = fio_mutex_init(FIO_MUTEX_LOCKED);
1997         if (startup_mutex == NULL)
1998                 return 1;
1999
2000         set_genesis_time();
2001         stat_init();
2002         create_disk_util_thread();
2003
2004         cgroup_list = smalloc(sizeof(*cgroup_list));
2005         INIT_FLIST_HEAD(cgroup_list);
2006
2007         run_threads();
2008
2009         if (!fio_abort) {
2010                 show_run_stats();
2011                 if (write_bw_log) {
2012                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ], "agg-read_bw.log");
2013                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],
2014                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
2015                         __finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_TRIM],
2016                                         "agg-write_bw.log");
2017                 }
2018         }
2019
2020         for_each_td(td, i)
2021                 fio_options_free(td);
2022
2023         free_disk_util();
2024         cgroup_kill(cgroup_list);
2025         sfree(cgroup_list);
2026         sfree(cgroup_mnt);
2027
2028         fio_mutex_remove(startup_mutex);
2029         fio_mutex_remove(disk_thread_mutex);
2030         stat_exit();
2031         return exit_value;
2032 }