selftests/bpf: validate async callback return value check correctness

selftests/bpf: validate async callback return value check correctness

Adjust timer/timer_ret_1 test to validate more carefully verifier logic
of enforcing async callback return value. This test will pass only if
return result is marked precise and read.

Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231202175705.885270-10-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>