Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-22' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe fix from Christoph:

"nvme fixes for Linux 6.15

 - do not create the newly added multipath sysfs group for
   non-multipath nodes (Nilay Shroff)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-22' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvme: avoid creating multipath sysfs group under namespace path devices

nvme: avoid creating multipath sysfs group under namespace path devices

Commit 4dbd2b2ebe4c ("nvme-multipath: Add visibility for round-robin
io-policy") introduced the creation of the multipath sysfs group under
the NVMe head gendisk device node. However, it also inadvertently added
the same sysfs group under each namespace path device which head node
refers to and that is incorrect.

The multipath sysfs group should only be exposed through the namespace
head gendisk node. This is sufficient, as the head device already
provides symbolic links to the individual namespace paths it manages.

This patch fixes the issue by preventing the creation of the multipath
sysfs group under namespace path devices, ensuring it only appears under
the head disk node.

Fixes: 4dbd2b2ebe4c ("nvme-multipath: Add visibility for round-robin io-policy")
Signed-off-by: Nilay Shroff <nilay@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

loop: don't require ->write_iter for writable files in loop_configure

Block devices can be opened read-write even if they can't be written to
for historic reasons.  Remove the check requiring file->f_op->write_iter
when the block devices was opened in loop_configure. The call to
loop_check_backing_file just below ensures the ->write_iter is present
for backing files opened for writing, which is the only check that is
actually needed.

Fixes: f5c84eff634b ("loop: Add sanity check for read/write_iter")
Reported-by: Christian Hesse <mail@eworm.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250520135420.1177312-1-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: fix dead loop when canceling io command

Commit:

f40139fde527 ("ublk: fix race between io_uring_cmd_complete_in_task and
ublk_cancel_cmd")

adds a request state check in ublk_cancel_cmd(), and if the request is
started, skips canceling this uring_cmd.

However, the current uring_cmd may be in ACTIVE state, without block
request coming to the uring command. Meantime, if the cached request in
tag_set.tags[tag] has been delivered to ublk server and reycycled, then
this uring_cmd can't be canceled.

ublk requests are aborted in ublk char device release handler, which
depends on canceling all ACTIVE uring_cmd. So it causes a dead loop.

Fix this issue by not taking a stale request into account when canceling
uring_cmd in ublk_cancel_cmd().

Reported-by: Shinichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@wdc.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/mruqwpf4tqenkbtgezv5oxwq7ngyq24jzeyqy4ixzvivatbbxv@4oh2wzz4e6qn/
Fixes: f40139fde527 ("ublk: fix race between io_uring_cmd_complete_in_task and ublk_cancel_cmd")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250515162601.77346-1-ming.lei@redhat.com
[axboe: rewording of commit message]
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-15' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe fixes from Christoph:

"nvme fixes for linux 6.15

 - fixes for atomic writes (Alan Adamson)
 - fixes for polled CQs in nvmet-epf (Damien Le Moal)
 - fix for polled CQs in nvme-pci (Keith Busch)
 - fix compile on odd configs that need to be forced to inline
   (Kees Cook)
 - one more quirk (Ilya Guterman)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-15' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvme-pci: add NVME_QUIRK_NO_DEEPEST_PS quirk for SOLIDIGM P44 Pro
  nvme: all namespaces in a subsystem must adhere to a common atomic write size
  nvme: multipath: enable BLK_FEAT_ATOMIC_WRITES for multipathing
  nvmet: pci-epf: remove NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IS_SQ
  nvmet: pci-epf: improve debug message
  nvmet: pci-epf: cleanup nvmet_pci_epf_raise_irq()
  nvmet: pci-epf: do not fall back to using INTX if not supported
  nvmet: pci-epf: clear completion queue IRQ flag on delete
  nvme-pci: acquire cq_poll_lock in nvme_poll_irqdisable
  nvme-pci: make nvme_pci_npages_prp() __always_inline

nvme-pci: add NVME_QUIRK_NO_DEEPEST_PS quirk for SOLIDIGM P44 Pro

This commit adds the NVME_QUIRK_NO_DEEPEST_PS quirk for device
[126f:2262], which belongs to device SOLIDIGM P44 Pro SSDPFKKW020X7

The device frequently have trouble exiting the deepest power state (5),
resulting in the entire disk being unresponsive.

Verified by setting nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=10000 and
observing the expected behavior.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Guterman <amfernusus@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme: all namespaces in a subsystem must adhere to a common atomic write size

The first namespace configured in a subsystem sets the subsystem's
atomic write size based on its AWUPF or NAWUPF. Subsequent namespaces
must have an atomic write size (per their AWUPF or NAWUPF) less than or
equal to the subsystem's atomic write size, or their probing will be
rejected.

Signed-off-by: Alan Adamson <alan.adamson@oracle.com>
[hch: fold in review comments from John Garry]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: John Garry <john.g.garry@oracle.com>

nvme: multipath: enable BLK_FEAT_ATOMIC_WRITES for multipathing

A change to QEMU resulted in all nvme controllers (single and
multi-controller subsystems) to have its CMIC.MCTRS bit set which
indicates the subsystem supports multiple controllers and it is possible
a namespace can be shared between those multiple controllers in a
multipath configuration.

When a namespace of a CMIC.MCTRS enabled subsystem is allocated, a
multipath node is created.  The queue limits for this node are inherited
from the namespace being allocated. When inheriting queue limits, the
features being inherited need to be specified. The atomic write feature
(BLK_FEAT_ATOMIC_WRITES) was not specified so the atomic queue limits
were not inherited by the multipath disk node which resulted in the sysfs
atomic write attributes being zeroed. The fix is to include
BLK_FEAT_ATOMIC_WRITES in the list of features to be inherited.

Signed-off-by: Alan Adamson <alan.adamson@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: John Garry <john.g.garry@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: remove NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IS_SQ

The flag NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IS_SQ is set but never used. Remove it.

Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: improve debug message

Improve the debug message of nvmet_pci_epf_create_cq() to indicate if a
completion queue IRQ is disabled.

Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Niklas Cassel <cassel@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: cleanup nvmet_pci_epf_raise_irq()

There is no point in taking the controller irq_lock and calling
nvmet_pci_epf_should_raise_irq() for a completion queue which does not
have IRQ enabled (NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IRQ_ENABLED flag is not set).
Move the test for the NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IRQ_ENABLED flag out of
nvmet_pci_epf_should_raise_irq() to the top of nvmet_pci_epf_raise_irq()
to return early when no IRQ should be raised.

Also, use dev_err_ratelimited() to avoid a message storm under load when
raising IRQs is failing.

Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Niklas Cassel <cassel@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: do not fall back to using INTX if not supported

Some endpoint PCIe controllers do not support raising legacy INTX
interrupts. This support is indicated by the intx_capable field of
struct pci_epc_features. Modify nvmet_pci_epf_raise_irq() to not
automatically fallback to trying raising an INTX interrupt after an MSI
or MSI-X error if the controller does not support INTX.

Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: clear completion queue IRQ flag on delete

The function nvmet_pci_epf_delete_cq() unconditionally calls
nvmet_pci_epf_remove_irq_vector() even for completion queues that do not
have interrupts enabled. Furthermore, for completion queues that do
have IRQ enabled, deleting and re-creating the completion queue leaves
the flag NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IRQ_ENABLED set, even if the completion queue
is being re-created with IRQ disabled.

Fix these issues by calling nvmet_pci_epf_remove_irq_vector() only if
NVMET_PCI_EPF_Q_IRQ_ENABLED is set and make sure to always clear that
flag.

Fixes: 0faa0fe6f90e ("nvmet: New NVMe PCI endpoint function target driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-pci: acquire cq_poll_lock in nvme_poll_irqdisable

We need to lock this queue for that condition because the timeout work
executes per-namespace and can poll the poll CQ.

Reported-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@kernel.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240902130728.1999-1-hare@kernel.org/
Fixes: a0fa9647a54e ("NVMe: add blk polling support")
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-pci: make nvme_pci_npages_prp() __always_inline

The only reason nvme_pci_npages_prp() could be used as a compile-time
known result in BUILD_BUG_ON() is because the compiler was always choosing
to inline the function. Under special circumstances (sanitizer coverage
functions disabled for __init functions on ARCH=um), the compiler decided
to stop inlining it:

   drivers/nvme/host/pci.c: In function 'nvme_init':
   include/linux/compiler_types.h:557:45: error: call to '__compiletime_assert_678' declared with attribute error: BUILD_BUG_ON failed: nvme_pci_npages_prp() > NVME_MAX_NR_ALLOCATIONS
     557 |         _compiletime_assert(condition, msg, __compiletime_assert_, __COUNTER__)
         |                                             ^
   include/linux/compiler_types.h:538:25: note: in definition of macro '__compiletime_assert'
     538 |                         prefix ## suffix();                             \
         |                         ^~~~~~
   include/linux/compiler_types.h:557:9: note: in expansion of macro '_compiletime_assert'
     557 |         _compiletime_assert(condition, msg, __compiletime_assert_, __COUNTER__)
         |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   include/linux/build_bug.h:39:37: note: in expansion of macro 'compiletime_assert'
      39 | #define BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(cond, msg) compiletime_assert(!(cond), msg)
         |                                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   include/linux/build_bug.h:50:9: note: in expansion of macro 'BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG'
      50 |         BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(condition, "BUILD_BUG_ON failed: " #condition)
         |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   drivers/nvme/host/pci.c:3804:9: note: in expansion of macro 'BUILD_BUG_ON'
    3804 |         BUILD_BUG_ON(nvme_pci_npages_prp() > NVME_MAX_NR_ALLOCATIONS);
         |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~

Force it to be __always_inline to make sure it is always available for
use with BUILD_BUG_ON().

Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202505061846.12FMyRjj-lkp@intel.com/
Fixes: c372cdd1efdf ("nvme-pci: iod npages fits in s8")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

block: always allocate integrity buffer when required

Many nvme metadata formats can not strip or generate the metadata on the
controller side. For these formats, a host provided integrity buffer is
mandatory even if it isn't checked.

The block integrity read_verify and write_generate attributes prevent
allocating the metadata buffer, but we need it when the format requires
it, otherwise reads and writes will be rejected by the driver with IO
errors.

Assume the integrity buffer can be offloaded to the controller if the
metadata size is the same as the protection information size. Otherwise
provide an unchecked host buffer when the read verify or write
generation attributes are disabled. This fixes the following nvme
warning:

 ------------[ cut here ]------------
 WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 371 at drivers/nvme/host/core.c:1036 nvme_setup_rw+0x122/0x210
 ...
 RIP: 0010:nvme_setup_rw+0x122/0x210
 ...
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  nvme_setup_cmd+0x1b4/0x280
  nvme_queue_rqs+0xc4/0x1f0 [nvme]
  blk_mq_dispatch_queue_requests+0x24a/0x430
  blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x50/0x140
  __blk_flush_plug+0xc1/0x100
  __submit_bio+0x1c1/0x360
  ? submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x2d6/0x3c0
  submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x2d6/0x3c0
  ? submit_bio_noacct+0x47/0x4c0
  submit_bio_wait+0x48/0xa0
  __blkdev_direct_IO_simple+0xee/0x210
  ? current_time+0x1d/0x100
  ? current_time+0x1d/0x100
  ? __bio_clone+0xb0/0xb0
  blkdev_read_iter+0xbb/0x140
  vfs_read+0x239/0x310
  ksys_read+0x58/0xc0
  do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x180
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250509153802.3482493-1-kbusch@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-08' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe fix from Christoph:

"nvme fixes for linux 6.15

 - unblock ctrl state transition for firmware update (Daniel Wagner)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-08' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvme: unblock ctrl state transition for firmware update

block: remove test of incorrect io priority level

Ever since commit eca2040972b4("scsi: block: ioprio: Clean up interface
definition"), the macro IOPRIO_PRIO_LEVEL() will mask the level value to
something between 0 and 7 so necessarily, level will always be lower than
IOPRIO_NR_LEVELS(8).

Remove this obsolete check.

Reported-by: Kexin Wei <ys.weikexin@h3c.com>
Cc: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <ziqianlu@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250508083018.GA769554@bytedance
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

nvme: unblock ctrl state transition for firmware update

The original nvme subsystem design didn't have a CONNECTING state; the
state machine allowed transitions from RESETTING to LIVE directly.

With the introduction of nvme fabrics the CONNECTING state was
introduce. Over time the nvme-pci started to use the CONNECTING state as
well.

Eventually, a bug fix for the nvme-fc started to depend that the only
valid transition to LIVE was from CONNECTING. Though this change didn't
update the firmware update handler which was still depending on
RESETTING to LIVE transition.

The simplest way to address it for the time being is to switch into
CONNECTING state before going to LIVE state.

Fixes: d2fe192348f9 ("nvme: only allow entering LIVE from CONNECTING state")
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/0134ea15-8d5f-41f7-9e9a-d7e6d82accaa@roeck-us.net
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>

block: only update request sector if needed

In case of a ZONE APPEND write, regardless of native ZONE APPEND or the
emulation layer in the zone write plugging code, the sector the data got
written to by the device needs to be updated in the bio.

At the moment, this is done for every native ZONE APPEND write and every
request that is flagged with 'BIO_ZONE_WRITE_PLUGGING'. But thus
superfluously updates the sector for regular writes to a zoned block
device.

Check if a bio is a native ZONE APPEND write or if the bio is flagged as
'BIO_EMULATES_ZONE_APPEND', meaning the block layer's zone write plugging
code handles the ZONE APPEND and translates it into a regular write and
back. Only if one of these two criterion is met, update the sector in the
bio upon completion.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/dea089581cb6b777c1cd1500b38ac0b61df4b2d1.1746530748.git.jth@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

loop: Add sanity check for read/write_iter

Some file systems do not support read_iter/write_iter, such as selinuxfs
in this issue.
So before calling them, first confirm that the interface is supported and
then call it.

It is releavant in that vfs_iter_read/write have the check, and removal
of their used caused szybot to be able to hit this issue.

Fixes: f2fed441c69b ("loop: stop using vfs_iter__{read,write} for buffered I/O")
Reported-by: syzbot+6af973a3b8dfd2faefdc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=6af973a3b8dfd2faefdc
Signed-off-by: Lizhi Xu <lizhi.xu@windriver.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250428143626.3318717-1-lizhi.xu@windriver.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-01' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe fixes from Christoph:

"nvme fixes for Linux 6.15

 - fix queue unquiesce check on PCI slot_reset (Keith Busch)
 - fix premature queue removal and I/O failover in nvme-tcp
   (Michael Liang)
 - don't restore null sk_state_change (Alistair Francis)
 - select CONFIG_TLS where needed (Alistair Francis)
 - always free derived key data (Hannes Reinecke)
 - more quirks (Wentao Guan)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-05-01' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvmet-auth: always free derived key data
  nvmet-tcp: don't restore null sk_state_change
  nvmet-tcp: select CONFIG_TLS from CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_TCP_TLS
  nvme-tcp: select CONFIG_TLS from CONFIG_NVME_TCP_TLS
  nvme-tcp: fix premature queue removal and I/O failover
  nvme-pci: add quirks for WDC Blue SN550 15b7:5009
  nvme-pci: add quirks for device 126f:1001
  nvme-pci: fix queue unquiesce check on slot_reset

nvmet-auth: always free derived key data

After calling nvme_auth_derive_tls_psk() we need to free the resulting
psk data, as either TLS is disable (and we don't need the data anyway)
or the psk data is copied into the resulting key (and can be free, too).

Fixes: fa2e0f8bbc68 ("nvmet-tcp: support secure channel concatenation")
Reported-by: Yi Zhang <yi.zhang@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Maurizio Lombardi <mlombard@bsdbackstore.eu>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Tested-by: Yi Zhang <yi.zhang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-tcp: don't restore null sk_state_change

queue->state_change is set as part of nvmet_tcp_set_queue_sock(), but if
the TCP connection isn't established when nvmet_tcp_set_queue_sock() is
called then queue->state_change isn't set and sock->sk->sk_state_change
isn't replaced.

As such we don't need to restore sock->sk->sk_state_change if
queue->state_change is NULL.

This avoids NULL pointer dereferences such as this:

[  286.462026][    C0] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[  286.462814][    C0] #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode
[  286.463796][    C0] #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page
[  286.464392][    C0] PGD 8000000140620067 P4D 8000000140620067 PUD 114201067 PMD 0
[  286.465086][    C0] Oops: Oops: 0010 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI
[  286.465559][    C0] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1628 Comm: nvme Not tainted 6.15.0-rc2+ #11 PREEMPT(voluntary)
[  286.466393][    C0] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014
[  286.467147][    C0] RIP: 0010:0x0
[  286.467420][    C0] Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0xffffffffffffffd6.
[  286.467977][    C0] RSP: 0018:ffff8883ae008580 EFLAGS: 00010246
[  286.468425][    C0] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff88813fd34100 RCX: ffffffffa386cc43
[  286.469019][    C0] RDX: 1ffff11027fa68b6 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: ffff88813fd34100
[  286.469545][    C0] RBP: ffff88813fd34160 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffed1027fa682c
[  286.470072][    C0] R10: ffff88813fd34167 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88813fd344c3
[  286.470585][    C0] R13: ffff88813fd34112 R14: ffff88813fd34aec R15: ffff888132cdd268
[  286.471070][    C0] FS:  00007fe3c04c7d80(0000) GS:ffff88840743f000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[  286.471644][    C0] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[  286.472543][    C0] CR2: ffffffffffffffd6 CR3: 000000012daca000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
[  286.473500][    C0] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[  286.474467][    C0] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[  286.475453][    C0] Call Trace:
[  286.476102][    C0]  <IRQ>
[  286.476719][    C0]  tcp_fin+0x2bb/0x440
[  286.477429][    C0]  tcp_data_queue+0x190f/0x4e60
[  286.478174][    C0]  ? __build_skb_around+0x234/0x330
[  286.478940][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.479659][    C0]  ? __pfx_tcp_data_queue+0x10/0x10
[  286.480431][    C0]  ? tcp_try_undo_loss+0x640/0x6c0
[  286.481196][    C0]  ? seqcount_lockdep_reader_access.constprop.0+0x82/0x90
[  286.482046][    C0]  ? kvm_clock_get_cycles+0x14/0x30
[  286.482769][    C0]  ? ktime_get+0x66/0x150
[  286.483433][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.484146][    C0]  tcp_rcv_established+0x6e4/0x2050
[  286.484857][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.485523][    C0]  ? ipv4_dst_check+0x160/0x2b0
[  286.486203][    C0]  ? __pfx_tcp_rcv_established+0x10/0x10
[  286.486917][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.487595][    C0]  tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x4d6/0x9b0
[  286.488279][    C0]  tcp_v4_rcv+0x2af8/0x3e30
[  286.488904][    C0]  ? raw_local_deliver+0x51b/0xad0
[  286.489551][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.490198][    C0]  ? __pfx_tcp_v4_rcv+0x10/0x10
[  286.490813][    C0]  ? __pfx_raw_local_deliver+0x10/0x10
[  286.491487][    C0]  ? __pfx_nf_confirm+0x10/0x10 [nf_conntrack]
[  286.492275][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.492900][    C0]  ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x8f/0x370
[  286.493579][    C0]  ip_local_deliver_finish+0x297/0x420
[  286.494268][    C0]  ip_local_deliver+0x168/0x430
[  286.494867][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_local_deliver+0x10/0x10
[  286.495498][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_local_deliver_finish+0x10/0x10
[  286.496204][    C0]  ? ip_rcv_finish_core+0x19a/0x1f20
[  286.496806][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.497414][    C0]  ip_rcv+0x455/0x6e0
[  286.497945][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_rcv+0x10/0x10
[  286.498550][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.499137][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_rcv_finish+0x10/0x10
[  286.499763][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.500327][    C0]  ? dl_scaled_delta_exec+0xd1/0x2c0
[  286.500922][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_rcv+0x10/0x10
[  286.501480][    C0]  __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x166/0x1b0
[  286.502173][    C0]  ? __pfx___netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x10/0x10
[  286.502903][    C0]  ? lock_acquire+0x2b2/0x310
[  286.503487][    C0]  ? process_backlog+0x372/0x1350
[  286.504087][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.504642][    C0]  process_backlog+0x3b9/0x1350
[  286.505214][    C0]  ? process_backlog+0x372/0x1350
[  286.505779][    C0]  __napi_poll.constprop.0+0xa6/0x490
[  286.506363][    C0]  net_rx_action+0x92e/0xe10
[  286.506889][    C0]  ? __pfx_net_rx_action+0x10/0x10
[  286.507437][    C0]  ? timerqueue_add+0x1f0/0x320
[  286.507977][    C0]  ? sched_clock_cpu+0x68/0x540
[  286.508492][    C0]  ? lock_acquire+0x2b2/0x310
[  286.509043][    C0]  ? kvm_sched_clock_read+0xd/0x20
[  286.509607][    C0]  ? handle_softirqs+0x1aa/0x7d0
[  286.510187][    C0]  handle_softirqs+0x1f2/0x7d0
[  286.510754][    C0]  ? __pfx_handle_softirqs+0x10/0x10
[  286.511348][    C0]  ? irqtime_account_irq+0x181/0x290
[  286.511937][    C0]  ? __dev_queue_xmit+0x85d/0x3450
[  286.512510][    C0]  do_softirq.part.0+0x89/0xc0
[  286.513100][    C0]  </IRQ>
[  286.513548][    C0]  <TASK>
[  286.513953][    C0]  __local_bh_enable_ip+0x112/0x140
[  286.514522][    C0]  ? __dev_queue_xmit+0x85d/0x3450
[  286.515072][    C0]  __dev_queue_xmit+0x872/0x3450
[  286.515619][    C0]  ? nft_do_chain+0xe16/0x15b0 [nf_tables]
[  286.516252][    C0]  ? __pfx___dev_queue_xmit+0x10/0x10
[  286.516817][    C0]  ? selinux_ip_postroute+0x43c/0xc50
[  286.517433][    C0]  ? __pfx_selinux_ip_postroute+0x10/0x10
[  286.518061][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.518606][    C0]  ? ip_output+0x164/0x4a0
[  286.519149][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.519671][    C0]  ? ip_finish_output2+0x17d5/0x1fb0
[  286.520258][    C0]  ip_finish_output2+0xb4b/0x1fb0
[  286.520787][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_finish_output2+0x10/0x10
[  286.521355][    C0]  ? __ip_finish_output+0x15d/0x750
[  286.521890][    C0]  ip_output+0x164/0x4a0
[  286.522372][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_output+0x10/0x10
[  286.522872][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.523402][    C0]  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x4c/0x60
[  286.524031][    C0]  ? __pfx_ip_finish_output+0x10/0x10
[  286.524605][    C0]  ? __ip_queue_xmit+0x999/0x2260
[  286.525200][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.525744][    C0]  ? ipv4_dst_check+0x16a/0x2b0
[  286.526279][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.526793][    C0]  __ip_queue_xmit+0x1883/0x2260
[  286.527324][    C0]  ? __skb_clone+0x54c/0x730
[  286.527827][    C0]  __tcp_transmit_skb+0x209b/0x37a0
[  286.528374][    C0]  ? __pfx___tcp_transmit_skb+0x10/0x10
[  286.528952][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.529472][    C0]  ? seqcount_lockdep_reader_access.constprop.0+0x82/0x90
[  286.530152][    C0]  ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x12/0x120
[  286.530691][    C0]  tcp_write_xmit+0xb81/0x88b0
[  286.531224][    C0]  ? mod_memcg_state+0x4d/0x60
[  286.531736][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.532253][    C0]  __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x90/0x320
[  286.532826][    C0]  tcp_send_fin+0x141/0xb50
[  286.533352][    C0]  ? __pfx_tcp_send_fin+0x10/0x10
[  286.533908][    C0]  ? __local_bh_enable_ip+0xab/0x140
[  286.534495][    C0]  inet_shutdown+0x243/0x320
[  286.535077][    C0]  nvme_tcp_alloc_queue+0xb3b/0x2590 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.535709][    C0]  ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x129/0x260
[  286.536314][    C0]  ? __pfx_nvme_tcp_alloc_queue+0x10/0x10 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.536996][    C0]  ? do_raw_spin_unlock+0x54/0x1e0
[  286.537550][    C0]  ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x29/0x50
[  286.538127][    C0]  ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x129/0x260
[  286.538664][    C0]  ? __pfx_do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10
[  286.539249][    C0]  ? nvme_tcp_alloc_admin_queue+0xd5/0x340 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.539892][    C0]  ? __wake_up+0x40/0x60
[  286.540392][    C0]  nvme_tcp_alloc_admin_queue+0xd5/0x340 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.541047][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.541589][    C0]  nvme_tcp_setup_ctrl+0x8b/0x7a0 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.542254][    C0]  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x4c/0x60
[  286.542887][    C0]  ? __pfx_nvme_tcp_setup_ctrl+0x10/0x10 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.543568][    C0]  ? trace_hardirqs_on+0x12/0x120
[  286.544166][    C0]  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x35/0x60
[  286.544792][    C0]  ? nvme_change_ctrl_state+0x196/0x2e0 [nvme_core]
[  286.545477][    C0]  nvme_tcp_create_ctrl+0x839/0xb90 [nvme_tcp]
[  286.546126][    C0]  nvmf_dev_write+0x3db/0x7e0 [nvme_fabrics]
[  286.546775][    C0]  ? rw_verify_area+0x69/0x520
[  286.547334][    C0]  vfs_write+0x218/0xe90
[  286.547854][    C0]  ? do_syscall_64+0x9f/0x190
[  286.548408][    C0]  ? trace_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xdb/0x120
[  286.549037][    C0]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x93/0x280
[  286.549659][    C0]  ? __pfx_vfs_write+0x10/0x10
[  286.550259][    C0]  ? do_syscall_64+0x9f/0x190
[  286.550840][    C0]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x8e/0x280
[  286.551516][    C0]  ? trace_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xdb/0x120
[  286.552180][    C0]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x93/0x280
[  286.552834][    C0]  ? ksys_read+0xf5/0x1c0
[  286.553386][    C0]  ? __pfx_ksys_read+0x10/0x10
[  286.553964][    C0]  ksys_write+0xf5/0x1c0
[  286.554499][    C0]  ? __pfx_ksys_write+0x10/0x10
[  286.555072][    C0]  ? trace_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xdb/0x120
[  286.555698][    C0]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x93/0x280
[  286.556319][    C0]  ? do_syscall_64+0x54/0x190
[  286.556866][    C0]  do_syscall_64+0x93/0x190
[  286.557420][    C0]  ? rcu_read_unlock+0x17/0x60
[  286.557986][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.558526][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.559087][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.559659][    C0]  ? count_memcg_events.constprop.0+0x4a/0x60
[  286.560476][    C0]  ? exc_page_fault+0x7a/0x110
[  286.561064][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.561647][    C0]  ? lock_release+0x217/0x2c0
[  286.562257][    C0]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x171/0xa00
[  286.562839][    C0]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x4a2/0xa00
[  286.563453][    C0]  ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x84/0x270
[  286.564112][    C0]  ? rcu_is_watching+0x11/0xb0
[  286.564677][    C0]  ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x84/0x270
[  286.565317][    C0]  ? trace_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xdb/0x120
[  286.565922][    C0]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
[  286.566542][    C0] RIP: 0033:0x7fe3c05e6504
[  286.567102][    C0] Code: c7 00 16 00 00 00 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d c5 8b 10 00 00 74 13 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 20 48 89
[  286.568931][    C0] RSP: 002b:00007fff76444f58 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
[  286.569807][    C0] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000000003b40d930 RCX: 00007fe3c05e6504
[  286.570621][    C0] RDX: 00000000000000cf RSI: 000000003b40d930 RDI: 0000000000000003
[  286.571443][    C0] RBP: 0000000000000003 R08: 00000000000000cf R09: 000000003b40d930
[  286.572246][    C0] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 000000003b40cd60
[  286.573069][    C0] R13: 00000000000000cf R14: 00007fe3c07417f8 R15: 00007fe3c073502e
[  286.573886][    C0]  </TASK>

Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-nvme/5hdonndzoqa265oq3bj6iarwtfk5dewxxjtbjvn5uqnwclpwt6@a2n6w3taxxex/
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Tested-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-tcp: select CONFIG_TLS from CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_TCP_TLS

Ensure that TLS support is enabled in the kernel when
CONFIG_NVME_TARGET_TCP_TLS is enabled. Without this the code compiles,
but does not actually work unless something else enables CONFIG_TLS.

Fixes: 675b453e0241 ("nvmet-tcp: enable TLS handshake upcall")
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-tcp: select CONFIG_TLS from CONFIG_NVME_TCP_TLS

Ensure that TLS support is enabled in the kernel when
CONFIG_NVME_TCP_TLS is enabled. Without this the code compiles, but does
not actually work unless something else enables CONFIG_TLS.

Fixes: be8e82caa68 ("nvme-tcp: enable TLS handshake upcall")
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-tcp: fix premature queue removal and I/O failover

This patch addresses a data corruption issue observed in nvme-tcp during
testing.

In an NVMe native multipath setup, when an I/O timeout occurs, all
inflight I/Os are canceled almost immediately after the kernel socket is
shut down. These canceled I/Os are reported as host path errors,
triggering a failover that succeeds on a different path.

However, at this point, the original I/O may still be outstanding in the
host's network transmission path (e.g., the NIC’s TX queue). From the
user-space app's perspective, the buffer associated with the I/O is
considered completed since they're acked on the different path and may
be reused for new I/O requests.

Because nvme-tcp enables zero-copy by default in the transmission path,
this can lead to corrupted data being sent to the original target,
ultimately causing data corruption.

We can reproduce this data corruption by injecting delay on one path and
triggering i/o timeout.

To prevent this issue, this change ensures that all inflight
transmissions are fully completed from host's perspective before
returning from queue stop. To handle concurrent I/O timeout from multiple
namespaces under the same controller, always wait in queue stop
regardless of queue's state.

This aligns with the behavior of queue stopping in other NVMe fabric
transports.

Fixes: 3f2304f8c6d6 ("nvme-tcp: add NVMe over TCP host driver")
Signed-off-by: Michael Liang <mliang@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Mohamed Khalfella <mkhalfella@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Jennings <randyj@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-pci: add quirks for WDC Blue SN550 15b7:5009

Add two quirks for the WDC Blue SN550 (PCI ID 15b7:5009) based on user
reports and hardware analysis:

 - NVME_QUIRK_NO_DEEPEST_PS:
liaozw talked to me the problem and solved with
nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0, so add the quirk.
I also found some reports in the following link.

 - NVME_QUIRK_BROKEN_MSI:
after get the lspci from Jack Rio.
I think that the disk also have NVME_QUIRK_BROKEN_MSI.
described in commit d5887dc6b6c0 ("nvme-pci: Add quirk for broken MSIs")
as sean said in link which match the MSI 1/32 and MSI-X 17.

Log:
lspci -nn | grep -i memory
03:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Sandisk Corp SanDisk Ultra 3D / WD PC SN530, IX SN530, Blue SN550 NVMe SSD (DRAM-less) [15b7:5009] (rev 01)
lspci -v -d 15b7:5009
03:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Sandisk Corp SanDisk Ultra 3D / WD PC SN530, IX SN530, Blue SN550 NVMe SSD (DRAM-less) (rev 01) (prog-if 02 [NVM Express])
        Subsystem: Sandisk Corp WD Blue SN550 NVMe SSD
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 35, IOMMU group 10
        Memory at fe800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Memory at fe804000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
        Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
        Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable- Count=1/32 Maskable- 64bit+
        Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=17 Masked-
        Capabilities: [c0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
        Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
        Capabilities: [150] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
        Capabilities: [1b8] Latency Tolerance Reporting
        Capabilities: [300] Secondary PCI Express
        Capabilities: [900] L1 PM Substates
        Kernel driver in use: nvme
dmesg | grep nvme
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.12.20-amd64-desktop-rolling root=UUID= ro splash quiet nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 DEEPIN_GFXMODE=
[    0.059301] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.12.20-amd64-desktop-rolling root=UUID= ro splash quiet nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 DEEPIN_GFXMODE=
[    0.542430] nvme nvme0: pci function 0000:03:00.0
[    0.560426] nvme nvme0: allocated 32 MiB host memory buffer.
[    0.562491] nvme nvme0: 16/0/0 default/read/poll queues
[    0.567764]  nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9
[    6.388726] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p7): mounted filesystem ro with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[    6.893421] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p7): re-mounted r/w. Quota mode: none.
[    7.125419] Adding 16777212k swap on /dev/nvme0n1p8.  Priority:-2 extents:1 across:16777212k SS
[    7.157588] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p6): mounted filesystem r/w with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[    7.165021] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p9): mounted filesystem r/w with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[    8.036932] nvme nvme0: using unchecked data buffer
[    8.096023] block nvme0n1: No UUID available providing old NGUID

Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d5887dc6b6c054d0da3cd053afc15b7be1f45ff6
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240422162822.3539156-1-sean.anderson@linux.dev/
Reported-by: liaozw <hedgehog-002@163.com>
Closes: https://bbs.deepin.org.cn/post/286300
Reported-by: rugk <rugk+github@posteo.de>
Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=208123
Signed-off-by: Wentao Guan <guanwentao@uniontech.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-pci: add quirks for device 126f:1001

This commit adds NVME_QUIRK_NO_DEEPEST_PS and NVME_QUIRK_BOGUS_NID for
device [126f:1001].

It is similar to commit e89086c43f05 ("drivers/nvme: Add quirks for
device 126f:2262")

Diff is according the dmesg, use NVME_QUIRK_IGNORE_DEV_SUBNQN.

dmesg | grep -i nvme0:
  nvme nvme0: pci function 0000:01:00.0
  nvme nvme0: missing or invalid SUBNQN field.
  nvme nvme0: 12/0/0 default/read/poll queues

Link:https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=e89086c43f0500bc7c4ce225495b73b8ce234c1f
Signed-off-by: Wentao Guan <guanwentao@uniontech.com>
Signed-off-by: WangYuli <wangyuli@uniontech.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-pci: fix queue unquiesce check on slot_reset

A zero return means the reset was successfully scheduled. We don't want
to unquiesce the queues while the reset_work is pending, as that will
just flush out requeued requests to a failed completion.

Fixes: 71a5bb153be104 ("nvme: ensure disabling pairs with unquiesce")
Reported-by: Dhankaran Singh Ajravat <dhankaran@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

ublk: remove the check of ublk_need_req_ref() from __ublk_check_and_get_req

__ublk_check_and_get_req() is only called from ublk_check_and_get_req()
and ublk_register_io_buf(), the same check has been covered in the two
calling sites.

So remove the check from __ublk_check_and_get_req().

Suggested-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429022941.1718671-5-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: enhance check for register/unregister io buffer command

The simple check of UBLK_IO_FLAG_OWNED_BY_SRV can avoid incorrect
register/unregister io buffer easily, so check it before calling
starting to register/un-register io buffer.

Also only allow io buffer register/unregister uring_cmd in case of
UBLK_F_SUPPORT_ZERO_COPY.

Also mark argument 'ublk_queue *' of ublk_register_io_buf as const.

Reviewed-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Fixes: 1f6540e2aabb ("ublk: zc register/unregister bvec")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429022941.1718671-4-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: decouple zero copy from user copy

UBLK_F_USER_COPY and UBLK_F_SUPPORT_ZERO_COPY are two different
features, and shouldn't be coupled together.

Commit 1f6540e2aabb ("ublk: zc register/unregister bvec") enables
user copy automatically in case of UBLK_F_SUPPORT_ZERO_COPY, this way
isn't correct.

So decouple zero copy from user copy, and use independent helper to
check each one.

Fixes: 1f6540e2aabb ("ublk: zc register/unregister bvec")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429022941.1718671-3-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: fix UBLK_F_NEED_GET_DATA

Commit 57e13a2e8cd2 ("selftests: ublk: support user recovery") starts to
support UBLK_F_NEED_GET_DATA for covering recovery feature, however the
ublk utility implementation isn't done correctly.

Fix it by supporting UBLK_F_NEED_GET_DATA correctly.

Also add test generic_07 for covering UBLK_F_NEED_GET_DATA.

Reviewed-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Fixes: 57e13a2e8cd2 ("selftests: ublk: support user recovery")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250429022941.1718671-2-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: fix race between io_uring_cmd_complete_in_task and ublk_cancel_cmd

ublk_cancel_cmd() calls io_uring_cmd_done() to complete uring_cmd, but
we may have scheduled task work via io_uring_cmd_complete_in_task() for
dispatching request, then kernel crash can be triggered.

Fix it by not trying to canceling the command if ublk block request is
started.

Fixes: 216c8f5ef0f2 ("ublk: replace monitor with cancelable uring_cmd")
Reported-by: Jared Holzman <jholzman@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Jared Holzman <jholzman@nvidia.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/d2179120-171b-47ba-b664-23242981ef19@nvidia.com/
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250425013742.1079549-3-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: call ublk_dispatch_req() for handling UBLK_U_IO_NEED_GET_DATA

We call io_uring_cmd_complete_in_task() to schedule task_work for handling
UBLK_U_IO_NEED_GET_DATA.

This way is really not necessary because the current context is exactly
the ublk queue context, so call ublk_dispatch_req() directly for handling
UBLK_U_IO_NEED_GET_DATA.

Fixes: 216c8f5ef0f2 ("ublk: replace monitor with cancelable uring_cmd")
Tested-by: Jared Holzman <jholzman@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250425013742.1079549-2-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: don't autoload drivers on blk-cgroup configuration

Loading a driver just to configure blk-cgroup doesn't make sense, as that
assumes and already existing device.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250423053810.1683309-5-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: don't autoload drivers on stat

blkdev_get_no_open can trigger the legacy autoload of block drivers.  A
simple stat of a block device has not historically done that, so disable
this behavior again.

Fixes: 9abcfbd235f5 ("block: Add atomic write support for statx")
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250423053810.1683309-4-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: remove the backing_inode variable in bdev_statx

backing_inode is only used once, so remove it and update the comment
describing the bdev lookup to be a bit more clear.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250423053810.1683309-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: move blkdev_{get,put} _no_open prototypes out of blkdev.h

These are only to be used by block internal code.  Remove the comment
as we grew more users due to reworking block device node opening.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250423053810.1683309-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: never reduce ra_pages in blk_apply_bdi_limits

When the user increased the read-ahead size through sysfs this value
currently get lost if the device is reprobe, including on a resume
from suspend.

As there is no hardware limitation for the read-ahead size there is
no real need to reset it or track a separate hardware limitation
like for max_sectors.

This restores the pre-atomic queue limit behavior in the sd driver as
sd did not use blk_queue_io_opt and thus never updated the read ahead
size to the value based of the optimal I/O, but changes behavior for
all other drivers.  As the new behavior seems useful and sd is the
driver for which the readahead size tweaks are most useful that seems
like a worthwhile trade off.

Fixes: 804e498e0496 ("sd: convert to the atomic queue limits API")
Reported-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger@applied-asynchrony.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger@applied-asynchrony.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250424082521.1967286-1-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: common: fix _get_disk_dev_t for pre-9.0 coreutils

Some distributions, such as centos stream 9, still have a version of
coreutils which does not yet support the %Hr and %Lr formats for stat(1)
[1, 2]. Running ublk selftests on these distributions results in the
following error in tests that use the _get_disk_dev_t helper:

line 23: ?r: syntax error: operand expected (error token is "?r")

To better accommodate older distributions, rewrite _get_disk_dev_t to
use the much older %t and %T formats for stat instead.

[1] https://github.com/coreutils/coreutils/blob/v9.0/NEWS#L114
[2] https://pkgs.org/download/coreutils

Signed-off-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250423-ublk_selftests-v1-2-7d060e260e76@purestorage.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-04-24' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe fix from Christoph:

"nvme fixes for Linux 6.15

 - fix an out-of-bounds access in nvmet_enable_port (Richard Weinberger)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-04-24' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvmet: fix out-of-bounds access in nvmet_enable_port

selftests: ublk: remove useless 'delay_us' from 'struct dev_ctx'

'delay_us' shouldn't be added to 'struct dev_ctx' since now it is
handled by per-target command line & 'struct fault_inject_ctx'.

So remove it.

Fixes: 81586652bb1f ("selftests: ublk: add generic_06 for covering fault inject")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250421235947.715272-3-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: fix recover test

When adding recovery test:

- 'break' is missed for handling '-g' argument

- test name of test_generic_05.sh is wrong

So fix the two.

Fixes: 57e13a2e8cd2 ("selftests: ublk: support user recovery")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250421235947.715272-2-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: hoist block size validation code to a separate function

Hoist the block size validation code to bdev_validate_blocksize so that
we can call it from filesystems that don't care about the bdev pagecache
manipulations of set_blocksize.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/174543795720.4139148.840349813093799165.stgit@frogsfrogsfrogs
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: fix race between set_blocksize and read paths

With the new large sector size support, it's now the case that
set_blocksize can change i_blksize and the folio order in a manner that
conflicts with a concurrent reader and causes a kernel crash.

Specifically, let's say that udev-worker calls libblkid to detect the
labels on a block device.  The read call can create an order-0 folio to
read the first 4096 bytes from the disk.  But then udev is preempted.

Next, someone tries to mount an 8k-sectorsize filesystem from the same
block device.  The filesystem calls set_blksize, which sets i_blksize to
8192 and the minimum folio order to 1.

Now udev resumes, still holding the order-0 folio it allocated.  It then
tries to schedule a read bio and do_mpage_readahead tries to create
bufferheads for the folio.  Unfortunately, blocks_per_folio == 0 because
the page size is 4096 but the blocksize is 8192 so no bufferheads are
attached and the bh walk never sets bdev.  We then submit the bio with a
NULL block device and crash.

Therefore, truncate the page cache after flushing but before updating
i_blksize.  However, that's not enough -- we also need to lock out file
IO and page faults during the update.  Take both the i_rwsem and the
invalidate_lock in exclusive mode for invalidations, and in shared mode
for read/write operations.

I don't know if this is the correct fix, but xfs/259 found it.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@wdc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/174543795699.4139148.2086129139322431423.stgit@frogsfrogsfrogs
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

nvmet: fix out-of-bounds access in nvmet_enable_port

When trying to enable a port that has no transport configured yet,
nvmet_enable_port() uses NVMF_TRTYPE_MAX (255) to query the transports
array, causing an out-of-bounds access:

[  106.058694] BUG: KASAN: global-out-of-bounds in nvmet_enable_port+0x42/0x1da
[  106.058719] Read of size 8 at addr ffffffff89dafa58 by task ln/632
[...]
[  106.076026] nvmet: transport type 255 not supported

Since commit 200adac75888, NVMF_TRTYPE_MAX is the default state as configured by
nvmet_ports_make().
Avoid this by checking for NVMF_TRTYPE_MAX before proceeding.

Fixes: 200adac75888 ("nvme: Add PCI transport type")
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-04-17' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe fixes from Christoph:

"nvme fixes for Linux 6.15

 - fix scan failure for non-ANA multipath controllers (Hannes Reinecke)
 - fix multipath sysfs links creation for some cases (Hannes Reinecke)
 - PCIe endpoint fixes (Damien Le Moal)
 - use NULL instead of 0 in the auth code (Damien Le Moal)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-04-17' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvmet: pci-epf: cleanup link state management
  nvmet: pci-epf: clear CC and CSTS when disabling the controller
  nvmet: pci-epf: always fully initialize completion entries
  nvmet: auth: use NULL to clear a pointer in nvmet_auth_sq_free()
  nvme-multipath: sysfs links may not be created for devices
  nvme: fixup scan failure for non-ANA multipath controllers

Merge tag 'md-6.15-20250416' of https://git./linux/kernel/git/mdraid/linux into block-6.15

Pull MD fixes from Yu:

"- fix raid10 missing discard IO accounting (Yu Kuai)
 - fix bitmap stats for bitmap file (Zheng Qixing)
 - fix oops while reading all member disks failed during check/repair
   (Meir Elisha)"

* tag 'md-6.15-20250416' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mdraid/linux:
  md/raid1: Add check for missing source disk in process_checks()
  md/md-bitmap: fix stats collection for external bitmaps
  md/raid10: fix missing discard IO accounting

selftests: ublk: add generic_06 for covering fault inject

Add one simple fault inject target, and verify if an application using ublk
device sees an I/O error quickly after the ublk server dies.

Signed-off-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-9-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: simplify aborting ublk request

Now ublk_abort_queue() is moved to ublk char device release handler,
meantime our request queue is "quiesced" because either ->canceling was
set from uring_cmd cancel function or all IOs are inflight and can't be
completed by ublk server, things becomes easy much:

- all uring_cmd are done, so we needn't to mark io as UBLK_IO_FLAG_ABORTED
for handling completion from uring_cmd

- ublk char device is closed, no one can hold IO request reference any more,
so we can simply complete this request or requeue it for ublk_nosrv_should_reissue_outstanding.

Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-8-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: remove __ublk_quiesce_dev()

Remove __ublk_quiesce_dev() and open code for updating device state as
QUIESCED.

We needn't to drain inflight requests in __ublk_quiesce_dev() any more,
because all inflight requests are aborted in ublk char device release
handler.

Also we needn't to set ->canceling in __ublk_quiesce_dev() any more
because it is done unconditionally now in ublk_ch_release().

Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-7-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: improve detection and handling of ublk server exit

There are currently two ways in which ublk server exit is detected by
ublk_drv:

1. uring_cmd cancellation. If there are any outstanding uring_cmds which
   have not been completed to the ublk server when it exits, io_uring
   calls the uring_cmd callback with a special cancellation flag as the
   issuing task is exiting.
2. I/O timeout. This is needed in addition to the above to handle the
   "saturated queue" case, when all I/Os for a given queue are in the
   ublk server, and therefore there are no outstanding uring_cmds to
   cancel when the ublk server exits.

There are a couple of issues with this approach:

- It is complex and inelegant to have two methods to detect the same
  condition
- The second method detects ublk server exit only after a long delay
  (~30s, the default timeout assigned by the block layer). This delays
  the nosrv behavior from kicking in and potential subsequent recovery
  of the device.

The second issue is brought to light with the new test_generic_06 which
will be added in following patch. It fails before this fix:

selftests: ublk: test_generic_06.sh
dev id is 0
dd: error writing '/dev/ublkb0': Input/output error
1+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes copied, 30.0611 s, 0.0 kB/s
DEAD
dd took 31 seconds to exit (>= 5s tolerance)!
generic_06 : [FAIL]

Fix this by instead detecting and handling ublk server exit in the
character file release callback. This has several advantages:

- This one place can handle both saturated and unsaturated queues. Thus,
  it replaces both preexisting methods of detecting ublk server exit.
- It runs quickly on ublk server exit - there is no 30s delay.
- It starts the process of removing task references in ublk_drv. This is
  needed if we want to relax restrictions in the driver like letting
  only one thread serve each queue

There is also the disadvantage that the character file release callback
can also be triggered by intentional close of the file, which is a
significant behavior change. Preexisting ublk servers (libublksrv) are
dependent on the ability to open/close the file multiple times. To
address this, only transition to a nosrv state if the file is released
while the ublk device is live. This allows for programs to open/close
the file multiple times during setup. It is still a behavior change if a
ublk server decides to close/reopen the file while the device is LIVE
(i.e. while it is responsible for serving I/O), but that would be highly
unusual. This behavior is in line with what is done by FUSE, which is
very similar to ublk in that a userspace daemon is providing services
traditionally provided by the kernel.

With this change in, the new test (and all other selftests, and all
ublksrv tests) pass:

selftests: ublk: test_generic_06.sh
dev id is 0
dd: error writing '/dev/ublkb0': Input/output error
1+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes copied, 0.0376731 s, 0.0 kB/s
DEAD
generic_04 : [PASS]

Signed-off-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-6-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: move device reset into ublk_ch_release()

ublk_ch_release() is called after ublk char device is closed, when all
uring_cmd are done, so it is perfect fine to move ublk device reset to
ublk_ch_release() from ublk_ctrl_start_recovery().

This way can avoid to grab the exiting daemon task_struct too long.

However, reset of the following ublk IO flags has to be moved until ublk
io_uring queues are ready:

- ubq->canceling

For requeuing IO in case of ublk_nosrv_dev_should_queue_io() before device
is recovered

- ubq->fail_io

For failing IO in case of UBLK_F_USER_RECOVERY_FAIL_IO before device is
recovered

- ublk_io->flags

For preventing using io->cmd

With this way, recovery is simplified a lot.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-5-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: rely on ->canceling for dealing with ublk_nosrv_dev_should_queue_io

Now ublk deals with ublk_nosrv_dev_should_queue_io() by keeping request
queue as quiesced. This way is fragile because queue quiesce crosses syscalls
or process contexts.

Switch to rely on ubq->canceling for dealing with
ublk_nosrv_dev_should_queue_io(), because it has been used for this purpose
during io_uring context exiting, and it can be reused before recovering too.
In ublk_queue_rq(), the request will be added to requeue list without
kicking off requeue in case of ubq->canceling, and finally requests added in
requeue list will be dispatched from either ublk_stop_dev() or
ublk_ctrl_end_recovery().

Meantime we have to move reset of ubq->canceling from ublk_ctrl_start_recovery()
to ublk_ctrl_end_recovery(), when IO handling can be recovered completely.

Then blk_mq_quiesce_queue() and blk_mq_unquiesce_queue() are always used
in same context.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-4-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: add ublk_force_abort_dev()

Add ublk_force_abort_dev() for handling ublk_nosrv_dev_should_queue_io()
in ublk_stop_dev(). Then queue quiesce and unquiesce can be paired in
single function.

Meantime not change device state to QUIESCED any more, since the disk is
going to be removed soon.

Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-3-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: properly serialize all FETCH_REQs

Most uring_cmds issued against ublk character devices are serialized
because each command affects only one queue, and there is an early check
which only allows a single task (the queue's ubq_daemon) to issue
uring_cmds against that queue. However, this mechanism does not work for
FETCH_REQs, since they are expected before ubq_daemon is set. Since
FETCH_REQs are only used at initialization and not in the fast path,
serialize them using the per-ublk-device mutex. This fixes a number of
data races that were previously possible if a badly behaved ublk server
decided to issue multiple FETCH_REQs against the same qid/tag
concurrently.

Reported-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416035444.99569-2-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: move creating UBLK_TMP into _prep_test()

test may exit early because of missing program or not having required
feature before calling _prep_test(), then $UBLK_TMP isn't cleaned.

Fix it by moving creating $UBLK_TMP into _prep_test(), any resources
created since _prep_test() will be cleaned by _cleanup_test().

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-14-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: add test_stress_05.sh

Add test_stress_05.sh for covering removing device with recovery
enabled.

io-hang has been observed with the following patch:

https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/20250403-ublk_timeout-v3-1-aa09f76c7451@purestorage.com/

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-13-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: support user recovery

Add user recovery feature.

Meantime add user recovery test: generic_04 and generic_05(zero copy)

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-12-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: support target specific command line

Support target specific command line for making related command line code
handling more readable & clean.

Also helps for adding new features.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-11-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: increase max nr_queues and queue depth

Increase max nr_queues to 32, and queue depth to 1024.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-10-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: set queue pthread's cpu affinity

In NUMA machine, ublk IO performance is very sensitive with queue
pthread's affinity setting.

Retrieve queue's affinity and select the 1st cpu as queue thread's sched
affinity, and it is observed that single cpu task affinity can get
stable & good performance if client application is put on proper cpu.

Dump this info when adding one ublk device. Use shmem to communicate
queue's tid between parent and daemon.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-9-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: setup ring with IORING_SETUP_SINGLE_ISSUER/IORING_SETUP_DEFER_TASKRUN

It is observed that this way is more efficient for fast nvme backing
file.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-8-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: add two stress tests for zero copy feature

Add stress_03 & stress_04 for covering zero copy feature.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-7-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: run stress tests in parallel

Run stress tests in parallel, meantime add shell local function to
simplify the two stress tests.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-6-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: make sure _add_ublk_dev can return in sub-shell

Detach ublk daemon from the starting process completely by double-fork and
clearing its process group, so that `_add_ublk_dev` can return from sub-shell.

Then it is more friendly for writing shell test script for adding/recovering
ublk device.

Prepare for running ublk test in parallel.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-5-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: cleanup backfile automatically

Use global array of $UBLK_BACKFILES for storing all backfile name, then
clean them automatically.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-4-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: add io_uring uapi header

Add io_uring UAPI header so that ublk can work with latest uapi
definition.

Fix the following build failure:

stripe.c: In function ‘stripe_to_uring_op’:
stripe.c:120:29: error: ‘IORING_OP_READV_FIXED’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘IORING_OP_READ_FIXED’?
  120 |                 return zc ? IORING_OP_READV_FIXED : IORING_OP_READV;
      |                             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |                             IORING_OP_READ_FIXED

Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Fixes: 57ed58c13256 ("selftests: ublk: enable zero copy for stripe target")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-3-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

selftests: ublk: fix ublk_find_tgt()

Bounds check for iterator variable `i` is missed, so add it and fix
ublk_find_tgt().

Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <Johannes.Thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412023035.2649275-2-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: integrity: Do not call set_page_dirty_lock()

Placing multiple protection information buffers inside the same page
can lead to oopses because set_page_dirty_lock() can't be called from
interrupt context.

Since a protection information buffer is not backed by a file there is
no point in setting its page dirty, there is nothing to synchronize.
Drop the call to set_page_dirty_lock() and remove the last argument to
bio_integrity_unpin_bvec().

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 492c5d455969 ("block: bio-integrity: directly map user buffers")
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/yq1v7r3ev9g.fsf@ca-mkp.ca.oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

md/raid1: Add check for missing source disk in process_checks()

During recovery/check operations, the process_checks function loops
through available disks to find a 'primary' source with successfully
read data.

If no suitable source disk is found after checking all possibilities,
the 'primary' index will reach conf->raid_disks * 2. Add an explicit
check for this condition after the loop. If no source disk was found,
print an error message and return early to prevent further processing
without a valid primary source.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-raid/20250408143808.1026534-1-meir.elisha@volumez.com
Signed-off-by: Meir Elisha <meir.elisha@volumez.com>
Suggested-and-reviewed-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>

nvmet: pci-epf: cleanup link state management

Since the link_up boolean field of struct nvmet_pci_epf_ctrl is always
set to true when nvmet_pci_epf_start_ctrl() is called, assign true to
this field in nvmet_pci_epf_start_ctrl(). Conversely, since this field
is set to false when nvmet_pci_epf_stop_ctrl() is called, set this field
to false directly inside that function.

While at it, also add information messages to notify the user of the PCI
link state changes to help troubleshoot any link stability issues
without needing to enable debug messages.

Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Niklas Cassel <cassel@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: clear CC and CSTS when disabling the controller

When a host shuts down the controller when shutting down but does so
without first disabling the controller, the enable bit remains set in
the controller configuration register. When the host restarts and
attempts to enable the controller again, the
nvmet_pci_epf_poll_cc_work() function is unable to detect the change
from 0 to 1 of the enable bit, and thus the controller is not enabled
again, which result in a device scan timeout on the host. This problem
also occurs if the host shuts down uncleanly or if the PCIe link goes
down: as the CC.EN value is not reset, the controller is not enabled
again when the host restarts.

Fix this by introducing the function nvmet_pci_epf_clear_ctrl_config()
to clear the CC and CSTS registers of the controller when the PCIe link
is lost (nvmet_pci_epf_stop_ctrl() function), or when starting the
controller fails (nvmet_pci_epf_enable_ctrl() fails). Also use this
function in nvmet_pci_epf_init_bar() to simplify the initialization of
the CC and CSTS registers.

Furthermore, modify the function nvmet_pci_epf_disable_ctrl() to clear
the CC.EN bit and write this updated value to the BAR register when the
controller is shutdown by the host, to ensure that upon restart, we can
detect the host setting CC.EN.

Fixes: 0faa0fe6f90e ("nvmet: New NVMe PCI endpoint function target driver")
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Niklas Cassel <cassel@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: pci-epf: always fully initialize completion entries

For a command that is normally processed through the command request
execute() function, the completion entry for the command is initialized
by __nvmet_req_complete() and nvmet_pci_epf_cq_work() only needs to set
the status field and the phase of the completion entry before posting
the entry to the completion queue.

However, for commands that are failed due to an internal error (e.g. the
command data buffer allocation fails), the command request execute()
function is not called and __nvmet_req_complete() is never executed for
the command, leaving the command completion entry uninitialized. For
such command failed before calling req->execute(), the host ends up
seeing completion entries with an invalid submission queue ID and
command ID.

Avoid such issue by always fully initilizing a command completion entry
in nvmet_pci_epf_cq_work(), setting the entry submission queue head, ID
and command ID.

Fixes: 0faa0fe6f90e ("nvmet: New NVMe PCI endpoint function target driver")
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Niklas Cassel <cassel@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet: auth: use NULL to clear a pointer in nvmet_auth_sq_free()

When compiling with C=1, the following sparse warning is generated:

auth.c:243:23: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer

Avoid this warning by using NULL to instead of 0 to set the sq tls_key
pointer.

Fixes: fa2e0f8bbc68 ("nvmet-tcp: support secure channel concatenation")
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-multipath: sysfs links may not be created for devices

When rapidly rescanning for new namespaces nvme_mpath_add_sysfs_link() may be
called for a block device not added to sysfs. But NVME_NS_SYSFS_ATTR_LINK
had already been set, so when checking this device a second time we will fail
to create the link.

Fix this by exchanging the order of the block device check and the
NVME_NS_SYSFS_ATTR_LINK bit check.

Fixes: 4dbd2b2ebe4c ("nvme-multipath: Add visibility for round-robin io-policy")
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>**
Reviewed-by: Nilay Shroff <nilay@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme: fixup scan failure for non-ANA multipath controllers

Commit 62baf70c3274 caused the ANA log page to be re-read, even on
controllers that do not support ANA.  While this should generally
harmless, some controllers hang on the unsupported log page and
never finish probing.

Fixes: 62baf70c3274 ("nvme: re-read ANA log page after ns scan completes")
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Srikanth Aithal <sraithal@amd.com>
[hch: more detailed commit message]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

ublk: don't suggest CONFIG_BLK_DEV_UBLK=Y

The CONFIG_BLK_DEV_UBLK help text suggests setting the config option to
Y so task_work_add() can be used to dispatch I/O, improving performance.
However, this mechanism was removed in commit 29dc5d06613f2 ("ublk: kill
queuing request by task_work_add"). So remove this paragraph from the
config help text.

Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416004111.3242817-1-csander@purestorage.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

loop: stop using vfs_iter_{read,write} for buffered I/O

vfs_iter_{read,write} always perform direct I/O when the file has the
O_DIRECT flag set, which breaks disabling direct I/O using the
LOOP_SET_STATUS / LOOP_SET_STATUS64 ioctls.

This was recenly reported as a regression, but as far as I can tell
was only uncovered by better checking for block sizes and has been
around since the direct I/O support was added.

Fix this by using the existing aio code that calls the raw read/write
iter methods instead.  Note that despite the comments there is no need
for block drivers to ever call flush_dcache_page themselves, and the
call is a left-over from prehistoric times.

Fixes: ab1cb278bc70 ("block: loop: introduce ioctl command of LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO")
Reported-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250409130940.3685677-1-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

loop: LOOP_SET_FD: send uevents for partitions

Remove the suppression of the uevents before scanning for partitions.
The partitions inherit their suppression settings from their parent device,
which lead to the uevents being dropped.

This is similar to the same changes for LOOP_CONFIGURE done in
commit bb430b694226 ("loop: LOOP_CONFIGURE: send uevents for partitions").

Fixes: 498ef5c777d9 ("loop: suppress uevents while reconfiguring the device")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250415-loop-uevent-changed-v3-1-60ff69ac6088@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

loop: properly send KOBJ_CHANGED uevent for disk device

The original commit message and the wording "uncork" in the code comment
indicate that it is expected that the suppressed event instances are
automatically sent after unsuppressing.
This is not the case, instead they are discarded.
In effect this means that no "changed" events are emitted on the device
itself by default.
While each discovered partition does trigger a changed event on the
device, devices without partitions don't have any event emitted.

This makes udev miss the device creation and prompted workarounds in
userspace. See the linked util-linux/losetup bug.

Explicitly emit the events and drop the confusingly worded comments.

Link: https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues/2434
Fixes: 498ef5c777d9 ("loop: suppress uevents while reconfiguring the device")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250415-loop-uevent-changed-v2-1-0c4e6a923b2a@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

loop: aio inherit the ioprio of original request

Set cmd->iocb.ki_ioprio to the ioprio of loop device's request.
The purpose is to inherit the original request ioprio in the aio
flow.

Signed-off-by: Yunlong Xing <yunlong.xing@unisoc.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhiguo Niu <zhiguo.niu@unisoc.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250414030159.501180-1-yunlong.xing@unisoc.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: fix resource leak in blk_register_queue() error path

When registering a queue fails after blk_mq_sysfs_register() is
successful but the function later encounters an error, we need
to clean up the blk_mq_sysfs resources.

Add the missing blk_mq_sysfs_unregister() call in the error path
to properly clean up these resources and prevent a memory leak.

Fixes: 320ae51feed5 ("blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism")
Signed-off-by: Zheng Qixing <zhengqixing@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250412092554.475218-1-zhengqixing@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

block: add SPDX header line to blk-throttle.h

Add an SPDX license identifier line to blk-throttle.h

Use 'GPL-2.0' as the identifier, since blk-throttle.c uses
that, and blk.h (from which some material was copied when
blk-throttle.h was created) also uses that identifier.

Signed-off-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@sony.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/MW5PR13MB5632EE4645BCA24ED111EC0EFDB62@MW5PR13MB5632.namprd13.prod.outlook.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

null_blk: Use strscpy() instead of strscpy_pad() in null_add_dev()

blk_mq_alloc_disk() already zero-initializes the destination buffer,
making strscpy() sufficient for safely copying the disk's name. The
additional NUL-padding performed by strscpy_pad() is unnecessary.

If the destination buffer has a fixed length, strscpy() automatically
determines its size using sizeof() when the argument is omitted. This
makes the explicit size argument unnecessary.

The source string is also NUL-terminated and meets the __must_be_cstr()
requirement of strscpy().

No functional changes intended.

Signed-off-by: Thorsten Blum <thorsten.blum@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Zhu Yanjun <yanjun.zhu@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250410154727.883207-1-thorsten.blum@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Merge tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-04-10' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme into block-6.15

Pull NVMe updates from Christoph:

"nvme updates for Linux 6.15

 - nvmet fc/fcloop refcounting fixes (Daniel Wagner)
 - fix missed namespace/ANA scans (Hannes Reinecke)
 - fix a use after free in the new TCP netns support (Kuniyuki Iwashima)
 - fix a NULL instead of false review in multipath (Uday Shankar)"

* tag 'nvme-6.15-2025-04-10' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme:
  nvmet-fc: put ref when assoc->del_work is already scheduled
  nvmet-fc: take tgtport reference only once
  nvmet-fc: update tgtport ref per assoc
  nvmet-fc: inline nvmet_fc_free_hostport
  nvmet-fc: inline nvmet_fc_delete_assoc
  nvmet-fcloop: add ref counting to lport
  nvmet-fcloop: replace kref with refcount
  nvmet-fcloop: swap list_add_tail arguments
  nvme-tcp: fix use-after-free of netns by kernel TCP socket.
  nvme: multipath: fix return value of nvme_available_path
  nvme: re-read ANA log page after ns scan completes
  nvme: requeue namespace scan on missed AENs

ublk: pass ublksrv_ctrl_cmd * instead of io_uring_cmd *

The ublk_ctrl_*() handlers all take struct io_uring_cmd *cmd but only
use it to get struct ublksrv_ctrl_cmd *header from the io_uring SQE.
Since the caller ublk_ctrl_uring_cmd() has already computed header, pass
it instead of cmd.

Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250409012928.3527198-1-csander@purestorage.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: don't fail request for recovery & reissue in case of ubq->canceling

ubq->canceling is set with request queue quiesced when io_uring context is
exiting. USER_RECOVERY or !RECOVERY_FAIL_IO requires request to be re-queued
and re-dispatch after device is recovered.

However commit d796cea7b9f3 ("ublk: implement ->queue_rqs()") still may fail
any request in case of ubq->canceling, this way breaks USER_RECOVERY or
!RECOVERY_FAIL_IO.

Fix it by calling __ublk_abort_rq() in case of ubq->canceling.

Reviewed-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Reported-by: Uday Shankar <ushankar@purestorage.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/Z%2FQkkTRHfRxtN%2FmB@dev-ushankar.dev.purestorage.com/
Fixes: d796cea7b9f3 ("ublk: implement ->queue_rqs()")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250409011444.2142010-3-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ublk: fix handling recovery & reissue in ublk_abort_queue()

Commit 8284066946e6 ("ublk: grab request reference when the request is handled
by userspace") doesn't grab request reference in case of recovery reissue.
Then the request can be requeued & re-dispatch & failed when canceling
uring command.

If it is one zc request, the request can be freed before io_uring
returns the zc buffer back, then cause kernel panic:

[  126.773061] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000000c8
[  126.773657] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[  126.774052] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[  126.774455] PGD 0 P4D 0
[  126.774698] Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
[  126.775034] CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 1612 Comm: kworker/u64:55 Not tainted 6.14.0_blk+ #182 PREEMPT(full)
[  126.775676] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-1.fc39 04/01/2014
[  126.776275] Workqueue: iou_exit io_ring_exit_work
[  126.776651] RIP: 0010:ublk_io_release+0x14/0x130 [ublk_drv]

Fixes it by always grabbing request reference for aborting the request.

Reported-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/CADUfDZodKfOGUeWrnAxcZiLT+puaZX8jDHoj_sfHZCOZwhzz6A@mail.gmail.com/
Fixes: 8284066946e6 ("ublk: grab request reference when the request is handled by userspace")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250409011444.2142010-2-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

nvmet-fc: put ref when assoc->del_work is already scheduled

Do not leak the tgtport reference when the work is already scheduled.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fc: take tgtport reference only once

The reference counting code can be simplified. Instead taking a tgtport
refrerence at the beginning of nvmet_fc_alloc_hostport and put it back
if not a new hostport object is allocated, only take it when a new
hostport object is allocated.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fc: update tgtport ref per assoc

We need to take for each unique association a reference.
nvmet_fc_alloc_hostport for each newly created association.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fc: inline nvmet_fc_free_hostport

No need for this tiny helper with only one user, let's inline it.

And since the hostport ref counter needs to stay in sync, it's not
optional anymore to give back the reference.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fc: inline nvmet_fc_delete_assoc

No need for this tiny helper with only one user, just inline it.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fcloop: add ref counting to lport

The fcloop_lport objects live time is controlled by the user interface
add_local_port and del_local_port. nport, rport and tport objects are
pointing to the lport objects but here is no clear tracking. Let's
introduce an explicit ref counter for the lport objects and prepare the
stage for restructuring how lports are used.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fcloop: replace kref with refcount

The kref wrapper is not really adding any value ontop of refcount. Thus
replace the kref API with the refcount API.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvmet-fcloop: swap list_add_tail arguments

The newly element to be added to the list is the first argument of
list_add_tail. This fix is missing dcfad4ab4d67 ("nvmet-fcloop: swap
the list_add_tail arguments").

Fixes: 437c0b824dbd ("nvme-fcloop: add target to host LS request support")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

nvme-tcp: fix use-after-free of netns by kernel TCP socket.

Commit 1be52169c348 ("nvme-tcp: fix selinux denied when calling
sock_sendmsg") converted sock_create() in nvme_tcp_alloc_queue()
to sock_create_kern().

sock_create_kern() creates a kernel socket, which does not hold
a reference to netns.  If the code does not manage the netns
lifetime properly, use-after-free could happen.

Also, TCP kernel socket with sk_net_refcnt 0 has a socket leak
problem: it remains FIN_WAIT_1 if it misses FIN after close()
because tcp_close() stops all timers.

To fix such problems, let's hold netns ref by sk_net_refcnt_upgrade().

We had the same issue in CIFS, SMC, etc, and applied the same
solution, see commit ef7134c7fc48 ("smb: client: Fix use-after-free
of network namespace.") and commit 9744d2bf1976 ("smc: Fix
use-after-free in tcp_write_timer_handler().").

Fixes: 1be52169c348 ("nvme-tcp: fix selinux denied when calling sock_sendmsg")
Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>