--- /dev/null
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==============================
+ drm/komeda Arm display driver
+==============================
+
+The drm/komeda driver supports the Arm display processor D71 and later products,
+this document gives a brief overview of driver design: how it works and why
+design it like that.
+
+Overview of D71 like display IPs
+================================
+
+From D71, Arm display IP begins to adopt a flexible and modularized
+architecture. A display pipeline is made up of multiple individual and
+functional pipeline stages called components, and every component has some
+specific capabilities that can give the flowed pipeline pixel data a
+particular processing.
+
+Typical D71 components:
+
+Layer
+-----
+Layer is the first pipeline stage, which prepares the pixel data for the next
+stage. It fetches the pixel from memory, decodes it if it's AFBC, rotates the
+source image, unpacks or converts YUV pixels to the device internal RGB pixels,
+then adjusts the color_space of pixels if needed.
+
+Scaler
+------
+As its name suggests, scaler takes responsibility for scaling, and D71 also
+supports image enhancements by scaler.
+The usage of scaler is very flexible and can be connected to layer output
+for layer scaling, or connected to compositor and scale the whole display
+frame and then feed the output data into wb_layer which will then write it
+into memory.
+
+Compositor (compiz)
+-------------------
+Compositor blends multiple layers or pixel data flows into one single display
+frame. its output frame can be fed into post image processor for showing it on
+the monitor or fed into wb_layer and written to memory at the same time.
+user can also insert a scaler between compositor and wb_layer to down scale
+the display frame first and and then write to memory.
+
+Writeback Layer (wb_layer)
+--------------------------
+Writeback layer does the opposite things of Layer, which connects to compiz
+and writes the composition result to memory.
+
+Post image processor (improc)
+-----------------------------
+Post image processor adjusts frame data like gamma and color space to fit the
+requirements of the monitor.
+
+Timing controller (timing_ctrlr)
+--------------------------------
+Final stage of display pipeline, Timing controller is not for the pixel
+handling, but only for controlling the display timing.
+
+Merger
+------
+D71 scaler mostly only has the half horizontal input/output capabilities
+compared with Layer, like if Layer supports 4K input size, the scaler only can
+support 2K input/output in the same time. To achieve the ful frame scaling, D71
+introduces Layer Split, which splits the whole image to two half parts and feeds
+them to two Layers A and B, and does the scaling independently. After scaling
+the result need to be fed to merger to merge two part images together, and then
+output merged result to compiz.
+
+Splitter
+--------
+Similar to Layer Split, but Splitter is used for writeback, which splits the
+compiz result to two parts and then feed them to two scalers.
+
+Possible D71 Pipeline usage
+===========================
+
+Benefitting from the modularized architecture, D71 pipelines can be easily
+adjusted to fit different usages. And D71 has two pipelines, which support two
+types of working mode:
+
+- Dual display mode
+ Two pipelines work independently and separately to drive two display outputs.
+
+- Single display mode
+ Two pipelines work together to drive only one display output.
+
+ On this mode, pipeline_B doesn't work indenpendently, but outputs its
+ composition result into pipeline_A, and its pixel timing also derived from
+ pipeline_A.timing_ctrlr. The pipeline_B works just like a "slave" of
+ pipeline_A(master)
+
+Single pipeline data flow
+-------------------------
+
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: Single pipeline digraph
+ :caption: Single pipeline data flow
+
+ digraph single_ppl {
+ rankdir=LR;
+
+ subgraph {
+ "Memory";
+ "Monitor";
+ }
+
+ subgraph cluster_pipeline {
+ style=dashed
+ node [shape=box]
+ {
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=dashed]
+ "Scaler-0";
+ "Scaler-1";
+ "Scaler-0/1"
+ }
+
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=filled]
+ "Layer-0" -> "Scaler-0"
+ "Layer-1" -> "Scaler-0"
+ "Layer-2" -> "Scaler-1"
+ "Layer-3" -> "Scaler-1"
+
+ "Layer-0" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-1" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-2" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-3" -> "Compiz"
+ "Scaler-0" -> "Compiz"
+ "Scaler-1" -> "Compiz"
+
+ "Compiz" -> "Scaler-0/1" -> "Wb_layer"
+ "Compiz" -> "Improc" -> "Timing Controller"
+ }
+
+ "Wb_layer" -> "Memory"
+ "Timing Controller" -> "Monitor"
+ }
+
+Dual pipeline with Slave enabled
+--------------------------------
+
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: Slave pipeline digraph
+ :caption: Slave pipeline enabled data flow
+
+ digraph slave_ppl {
+ rankdir=LR;
+
+ subgraph {
+ "Memory";
+ "Monitor";
+ }
+ node [shape=box]
+ subgraph cluster_pipeline_slave {
+ style=dashed
+ label="Slave Pipeline_B"
+ node [shape=box]
+ {
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=dashed]
+ "Slave.Scaler-0";
+ "Slave.Scaler-1";
+ }
+
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=filled]
+ "Slave.Layer-0" -> "Slave.Scaler-0"
+ "Slave.Layer-1" -> "Slave.Scaler-0"
+ "Slave.Layer-2" -> "Slave.Scaler-1"
+ "Slave.Layer-3" -> "Slave.Scaler-1"
+
+ "Slave.Layer-0" -> "Slave.Compiz"
+ "Slave.Layer-1" -> "Slave.Compiz"
+ "Slave.Layer-2" -> "Slave.Compiz"
+ "Slave.Layer-3" -> "Slave.Compiz"
+ "Slave.Scaler-0" -> "Slave.Compiz"
+ "Slave.Scaler-1" -> "Slave.Compiz"
+ }
+
+ subgraph cluster_pipeline_master {
+ style=dashed
+ label="Master Pipeline_A"
+ node [shape=box]
+ {
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=dashed]
+ "Scaler-0";
+ "Scaler-1";
+ "Scaler-0/1"
+ }
+
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=filled]
+ "Layer-0" -> "Scaler-0"
+ "Layer-1" -> "Scaler-0"
+ "Layer-2" -> "Scaler-1"
+ "Layer-3" -> "Scaler-1"
+
+ "Slave.Compiz" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-0" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-1" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-2" -> "Compiz"
+ "Layer-3" -> "Compiz"
+ "Scaler-0" -> "Compiz"
+ "Scaler-1" -> "Compiz"
+
+ "Compiz" -> "Scaler-0/1" -> "Wb_layer"
+ "Compiz" -> "Improc" -> "Timing Controller"
+ }
+
+ "Wb_layer" -> "Memory"
+ "Timing Controller" -> "Monitor"
+ }
+
+Sub-pipelines for input and output
+----------------------------------
+
+A complete display pipeline can be easily divided into three sub-pipelines
+according to the in/out usage.
+
+Layer(input) pipeline
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: Layer data digraph
+ :caption: Layer (input) data flow
+
+ digraph layer_data_flow {
+ rankdir=LR;
+ node [shape=box]
+
+ {
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=dashed]
+ "Scaler-n";
+ }
+
+ "Layer-n" -> "Scaler-n" -> "Compiz"
+ }
+
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: Layer Split digraph
+ :caption: Layer Split pipeline
+
+ digraph layer_data_flow {
+ rankdir=LR;
+ node [shape=box]
+
+ "Layer-0/1" -> "Scaler-0" -> "Merger"
+ "Layer-2/3" -> "Scaler-1" -> "Merger"
+ "Merger" -> "Compiz"
+ }
+
+Writeback(output) pipeline
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: writeback digraph
+ :caption: Writeback(output) data flow
+
+ digraph writeback_data_flow {
+ rankdir=LR;
+ node [shape=box]
+
+ {
+ node [bgcolor=grey style=dashed]
+ "Scaler-n";
+ }
+
+ "Compiz" -> "Scaler-n" -> "Wb_layer"
+ }
+
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: split writeback digraph
+ :caption: Writeback(output) Split data flow
+
+ digraph writeback_data_flow {
+ rankdir=LR;
+ node [shape=box]
+
+ "Compiz" -> "Splitter"
+ "Splitter" -> "Scaler-0" -> "Merger"
+ "Splitter" -> "Scaler-1" -> "Merger"
+ "Merger" -> "Wb_layer"
+ }
+
+Display output pipeline
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.. kernel-render:: DOT
+ :alt: display digraph
+ :caption: display output data flow
+
+ digraph single_ppl {
+ rankdir=LR;
+ node [shape=box]
+
+ "Compiz" -> "Improc" -> "Timing Controller"
+ }
+
+In the following section we'll see these three sub-pipelines will be handled
+by KMS-plane/wb_conn/crtc respectively.
+
+Komeda Resource abstraction
+===========================
+
+struct komeda_pipeline/component
+--------------------------------
+
+To fully utilize and easily access/configure the HW, the driver side also uses
+a similar architecture: Pipeline/Component to describe the HW features and
+capabilities, and a specific component includes two parts:
+
+- Data flow controlling.
+- Specific component capabilities and features.
+
+So the driver defines a common header struct komeda_component to describe the
+data flow control and all specific components are a subclass of this base
+structure.
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_pipeline.h
+ :internal:
+
+Resource discovery and initialization
+=====================================
+
+Pipeline and component are used to describe how to handle the pixel data. We
+still need a @struct komeda_dev to describe the whole view of the device, and
+the control-abilites of device.
+
+We have &komeda_dev, &komeda_pipeline, &komeda_component. Now fill devices with
+pipelines. Since komeda is not for D71 only but also intended for later products,
+of course we’d better share as much as possible between different products. To
+achieve this, split the komeda device into two layers: CORE and CHIP.
+
+- CORE: for common features and capabilities handling.
+- CHIP: for register programing and HW specific feature (limitation) handling.
+
+CORE can access CHIP by three chip function structures:
+
+- struct komeda_dev_funcs
+- struct komeda_pipeline_funcs
+- struct komeda_component_funcs
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_dev.h
+ :internal:
+
+Format handling
+===============
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_format_caps.h
+ :internal:
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_framebuffer.h
+ :internal:
+
+Attach komeda_dev to DRM-KMS
+============================
+
+Komeda abstracts resources by pipeline/component, but DRM-KMS uses
+crtc/plane/connector. One KMS-obj cannot represent only one single component,
+since the requirements of a single KMS object cannot simply be achieved by a
+single component, usually that needs multiple components to fit the requirement.
+Like set mode, gamma, ctm for KMS all target on CRTC-obj, but komeda needs
+compiz, improc and timing_ctrlr to work together to fit these requirements.
+And a KMS-Plane may require multiple komeda resources: layer/scaler/compiz.
+
+So, one KMS-Obj represents a sub-pipeline of komeda resources.
+
+- Plane: `Layer(input) pipeline`_
+- Wb_connector: `Writeback(output) pipeline`_
+- Crtc: `Display output pipeline`_
+
+So, for komeda, we treat KMS crtc/plane/connector as users of pipeline and
+component, and at any one time a pipeline/component only can be used by one
+user. And pipeline/component will be treated as private object of DRM-KMS; the
+state will be managed by drm_atomic_state as well.
+
+How to map plane to Layer(input) pipeline
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Komeda has multiple Layer input pipelines, see:
+- `Single pipeline data flow`_
+- `Dual pipeline with Slave enabled`_
+
+The easiest way is binding a plane to a fixed Layer pipeline, but consider the
+komeda capabilities:
+
+- Layer Split, See `Layer(input) pipeline`_
+
+ Layer_Split is quite complicated feature, which splits a big image into two
+ parts and handles it by two layers and two scalers individually. But it
+ imports an edge problem or effect in the middle of the image after the split.
+ To avoid such a problem, it needs a complicated Split calculation and some
+ special configurations to the layer and scaler. We'd better hide such HW
+ related complexity to user mode.
+
+- Slave pipeline, See `Dual pipeline with Slave enabled`_
+
+ Since the compiz component doesn't output alpha value, the slave pipeline
+ only can be used for bottom layers composition. The komeda driver wants to
+ hide this limitation to the user. The way to do this is to pick a suitable
+ Layer according to plane_state->zpos.
+
+So for komeda, the KMS-plane doesn't represent a fixed komeda layer pipeline,
+but multiple Layers with same capabilities. Komeda will select one or more
+Layers to fit the requirement of one KMS-plane.
+
+Make component/pipeline to be drm_private_obj
+---------------------------------------------
+
+Add :c:type:`drm_private_obj` to :c:type:`komeda_component`, :c:type:`komeda_pipeline`
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct komeda_component {
+ struct drm_private_obj obj;
+ ...
+ }
+
+ struct komeda_pipeline {
+ struct drm_private_obj obj;
+ ...
+ }
+
+Tracking component_state/pipeline_state by drm_atomic_state
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+Add :c:type:`drm_private_state` and user to :c:type:`komeda_component_state`,
+:c:type:`komeda_pipeline_state`
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct komeda_component_state {
+ struct drm_private_state obj;
+ void *binding_user;
+ ...
+ }
+
+ struct komeda_pipeline_state {
+ struct drm_private_state obj;
+ struct drm_crtc *crtc;
+ ...
+ }
+
+komeda component validation
+---------------------------
+
+Komeda has multiple types of components, but the process of validation are
+similar, usually including the following steps:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int komeda_xxxx_validate(struct komeda_component_xxx xxx_comp,
+ struct komeda_component_output *input_dflow,
+ struct drm_plane/crtc/connector *user,
+ struct drm_plane/crtc/connector_state, *user_state)
+ {
+ setup 1: check if component is needed, like the scaler is optional depending
+ on the user_state; if unneeded, just return, and the caller will
+ put the data flow into next stage.
+ Setup 2: check user_state with component features and capabilities to see
+ if requirements can be met; if not, return fail.
+ Setup 3: get component_state from drm_atomic_state, and try set to set
+ user to component; fail if component has been assigned to another
+ user already.
+ Setup 3: configure the component_state, like set its input component,
+ convert user_state to component specific state.
+ Setup 4: adjust the input_dflow and prepare it for the next stage.
+ }
+
+komeda_kms Abstraction
+----------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_kms.h
+ :internal:
+
+komde_kms Functions
+-------------------
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_crtc.c
+ :internal:
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/komeda_plane.c
+ :internal:
+
+Build komeda to be a Linux module driver
+========================================
+
+Now we have two level devices:
+
+- komeda_dev: describes the real display hardware.
+- komeda_kms_dev: attachs or connects komeda_dev to DRM-KMS.
+
+All komeda operations are supplied or operated by komeda_dev or komeda_kms_dev,
+the module driver is only a simple wrapper to pass the Linux command
+(probe/remove/pm) into komeda_dev or komeda_kms_dev.
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