pagemap: add page-types tool
authorWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Tue, 16 Jun 2009 22:32:27 +0000 (15:32 -0700)
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Wed, 17 Jun 2009 02:47:38 +0000 (19:47 -0700)
Add page-types, a handy tool for querying page flags.

It will expand some of the overloaded flags:
PG_slob_free   = PG_private
PG_slub_frozen = PG_active
PG_slub_debug  = PG_error
PG_readahead   = PG_reclaim

and mask out obscure flags except in -raw mode:
PG_reserved
PG_mlocked
PG_mappedtodisk
PG_private
PG_private_2
PG_owner_priv_1
PG_arch_1
PG_uncached
PG_compound* for non hugeTLB pages

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Documentation/vm/Makefile
Documentation/vm/page-types.c [new file with mode: 0644]

index 6f562f778b289e48f51e4b0e7b1740c89f4ff683..27479d43a9b06c53a7070d5bab1d33bb66c54caf 100644 (file)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 obj- := dummy.o
 
 # List of programs to build
-hostprogs-y := slabinfo
+hostprogs-y := slabinfo slqbinfo page-types
 
 # Tell kbuild to always build the programs
 always := $(hostprogs-y)
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/page-types.c b/Documentation/vm/page-types.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..0833f44
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+/*
+ * page-types: Tool for querying page flags
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Intel corporation
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/errno.h>
+#include <sys/fcntl.h>
+
+
+/*
+ * kernel page flags
+ */
+
+#define KPF_BYTES              8
+#define PROC_KPAGEFLAGS                "/proc/kpageflags"
+
+/* copied from kpageflags_read() */
+#define KPF_LOCKED             0
+#define KPF_ERROR              1
+#define KPF_REFERENCED         2
+#define KPF_UPTODATE           3
+#define KPF_DIRTY              4
+#define KPF_LRU                        5
+#define KPF_ACTIVE             6
+#define KPF_SLAB               7
+#define KPF_WRITEBACK          8
+#define KPF_RECLAIM            9
+#define KPF_BUDDY              10
+
+/* [11-20] new additions in 2.6.31 */
+#define KPF_MMAP               11
+#define KPF_ANON               12
+#define KPF_SWAPCACHE          13
+#define KPF_SWAPBACKED         14
+#define KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD      15
+#define KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL      16
+#define KPF_HUGE               17
+#define KPF_UNEVICTABLE                18
+#define KPF_NOPAGE             20
+
+/* [32-] kernel hacking assistances */
+#define KPF_RESERVED           32
+#define KPF_MLOCKED            33
+#define KPF_MAPPEDTODISK       34
+#define KPF_PRIVATE            35
+#define KPF_PRIVATE_2          36
+#define KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE      37
+#define KPF_ARCH               38
+#define KPF_UNCACHED           39
+
+/* [48-] take some arbitrary free slots for expanding overloaded flags
+ * not part of kernel API
+ */
+#define KPF_READAHEAD          48
+#define KPF_SLOB_FREE          49
+#define KPF_SLUB_FROZEN                50
+#define KPF_SLUB_DEBUG         51
+
+#define KPF_ALL_BITS           ((uint64_t)~0ULL)
+#define KPF_HACKERS_BITS       (0xffffULL << 32)
+#define KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS    (0xffffULL << 48)
+#define BIT(name)              (1ULL << KPF_##name)
+#define BITS_COMPOUND          (BIT(COMPOUND_HEAD) | BIT(COMPOUND_TAIL))
+
+static char *page_flag_names[] = {
+       [KPF_LOCKED]            = "L:locked",
+       [KPF_ERROR]             = "E:error",
+       [KPF_REFERENCED]        = "R:referenced",
+       [KPF_UPTODATE]          = "U:uptodate",
+       [KPF_DIRTY]             = "D:dirty",
+       [KPF_LRU]               = "l:lru",
+       [KPF_ACTIVE]            = "A:active",
+       [KPF_SLAB]              = "S:slab",
+       [KPF_WRITEBACK]         = "W:writeback",
+       [KPF_RECLAIM]           = "I:reclaim",
+       [KPF_BUDDY]             = "B:buddy",
+
+       [KPF_MMAP]              = "M:mmap",
+       [KPF_ANON]              = "a:anonymous",
+       [KPF_SWAPCACHE]         = "s:swapcache",
+       [KPF_SWAPBACKED]        = "b:swapbacked",
+       [KPF_COMPOUND_HEAD]     = "H:compound_head",
+       [KPF_COMPOUND_TAIL]     = "T:compound_tail",
+       [KPF_HUGE]              = "G:huge",
+       [KPF_UNEVICTABLE]       = "u:unevictable",
+       [KPF_NOPAGE]            = "n:nopage",
+
+       [KPF_RESERVED]          = "r:reserved",
+       [KPF_MLOCKED]           = "m:mlocked",
+       [KPF_MAPPEDTODISK]      = "d:mappedtodisk",
+       [KPF_PRIVATE]           = "P:private",
+       [KPF_PRIVATE_2]         = "p:private_2",
+       [KPF_OWNER_PRIVATE]     = "O:owner_private",
+       [KPF_ARCH]              = "h:arch",
+       [KPF_UNCACHED]          = "c:uncached",
+
+       [KPF_READAHEAD]         = "I:readahead",
+       [KPF_SLOB_FREE]         = "P:slob_free",
+       [KPF_SLUB_FROZEN]       = "A:slub_frozen",
+       [KPF_SLUB_DEBUG]        = "E:slub_debug",
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * data structures
+ */
+
+static int             opt_raw;        /* for kernel developers */
+static int             opt_list;       /* list pages (in ranges) */
+static int             opt_no_summary; /* don't show summary */
+static pid_t           opt_pid;        /* process to walk */
+
+#define MAX_ADDR_RANGES        1024
+static int             nr_addr_ranges;
+static unsigned long   opt_offset[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
+static unsigned long   opt_size[MAX_ADDR_RANGES];
+
+#define MAX_BIT_FILTERS        64
+static int             nr_bit_filters;
+static uint64_t                opt_mask[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
+static uint64_t                opt_bits[MAX_BIT_FILTERS];
+
+static int             page_size;
+
+#define PAGES_BATCH    (64 << 10)      /* 64k pages */
+static int             kpageflags_fd;
+static uint64_t                kpageflags_buf[KPF_BYTES * PAGES_BATCH];
+
+#define HASH_SHIFT     13
+#define HASH_SIZE      (1 << HASH_SHIFT)
+#define HASH_MASK      (HASH_SIZE - 1)
+#define HASH_KEY(flags)        (flags & HASH_MASK)
+
+static unsigned long   total_pages;
+static unsigned long   nr_pages[HASH_SIZE];
+static uint64_t        page_flags[HASH_SIZE];
+
+
+/*
+ * helper functions
+ */
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+#define min_t(type, x, y) ({                   \
+       type __min1 = (x);                      \
+       type __min2 = (y);                      \
+       __min1 < __min2 ? __min1 : __min2; })
+
+unsigned long pages2mb(unsigned long pages)
+{
+       return (pages * page_size) >> 20;
+}
+
+void fatal(const char *x, ...)
+{
+       va_list ap;
+
+       va_start(ap, x);
+       vfprintf(stderr, x, ap);
+       va_end(ap);
+       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * page flag names
+ */
+
+char *page_flag_name(uint64_t flags)
+{
+       static char buf[65];
+       int present;
+       int i, j;
+
+       for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
+               present = (flags >> i) & 1;
+               if (!page_flag_names[i]) {
+                       if (present)
+                               fatal("unkown flag bit %d\n", i);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               buf[j++] = present ? page_flag_names[i][0] : '_';
+       }
+
+       return buf;
+}
+
+char *page_flag_longname(uint64_t flags)
+{
+       static char buf[1024];
+       int i, n;
+
+       for (i = 0, n = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
+               if (!page_flag_names[i])
+                       continue;
+               if ((flags >> i) & 1)
+                       n += snprintf(buf + n, sizeof(buf) - n, "%s,",
+                                       page_flag_names[i] + 2);
+       }
+       if (n)
+               n--;
+       buf[n] = '\0';
+
+       return buf;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * page list and summary
+ */
+
+void show_page_range(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
+{
+       static uint64_t      flags0;
+       static unsigned long index;
+       static unsigned long count;
+
+       if (flags == flags0 && offset == index + count) {
+               count++;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (count)
+               printf("%lu\t%lu\t%s\n",
+                               index, count, page_flag_name(flags0));
+
+       flags0 = flags;
+       index  = offset;
+       count  = 1;
+}
+
+void show_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
+{
+       printf("%lu\t%s\n", offset, page_flag_name(flags));
+}
+
+void show_summary(void)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       printf("             flags\tpage-count       MB"
+               "  symbolic-flags\t\t\tlong-symbolic-flags\n");
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nr_pages); i++) {
+               if (nr_pages[i])
+                       printf("0x%016llx\t%10lu %8lu  %s\t%s\n",
+                               (unsigned long long)page_flags[i],
+                               nr_pages[i],
+                               pages2mb(nr_pages[i]),
+                               page_flag_name(page_flags[i]),
+                               page_flag_longname(page_flags[i]));
+       }
+
+       printf("             total\t%10lu %8lu\n",
+                       total_pages, pages2mb(total_pages));
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * page flag filters
+ */
+
+int bit_mask_ok(uint64_t flags)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_bit_filters; i++) {
+               if (opt_bits[i] == KPF_ALL_BITS) {
+                       if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) == 0)
+                               return 0;
+               } else {
+                       if ((flags & opt_mask[i]) != opt_bits[i])
+                               return 0;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+uint64_t expand_overloaded_flags(uint64_t flags)
+{
+       /* SLOB/SLUB overload several page flags */
+       if (flags & BIT(SLAB)) {
+               if (flags & BIT(PRIVATE))
+                       flags ^= BIT(PRIVATE) | BIT(SLOB_FREE);
+               if (flags & BIT(ACTIVE))
+                       flags ^= BIT(ACTIVE) | BIT(SLUB_FROZEN);
+               if (flags & BIT(ERROR))
+                       flags ^= BIT(ERROR) | BIT(SLUB_DEBUG);
+       }
+
+       /* PG_reclaim is overloaded as PG_readahead in the read path */
+       if ((flags & (BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(WRITEBACK))) == BIT(RECLAIM))
+               flags ^= BIT(RECLAIM) | BIT(READAHEAD);
+
+       return flags;
+}
+
+uint64_t well_known_flags(uint64_t flags)
+{
+       /* hide flags intended only for kernel hacker */
+       flags &= ~KPF_HACKERS_BITS;
+
+       /* hide non-hugeTLB compound pages */
+       if ((flags & BITS_COMPOUND) && !(flags & BIT(HUGE)))
+               flags &= ~BITS_COMPOUND;
+
+       return flags;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * page frame walker
+ */
+
+int hash_slot(uint64_t flags)
+{
+       int k = HASH_KEY(flags);
+       int i;
+
+       /* Explicitly reserve slot 0 for flags 0: the following logic
+        * cannot distinguish an unoccupied slot from slot (flags==0).
+        */
+       if (flags == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* search through the remaining (HASH_SIZE-1) slots */
+       for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags); i++, k++) {
+               if (!k || k >= ARRAY_SIZE(page_flags))
+                       k = 1;
+               if (page_flags[k] == 0) {
+                       page_flags[k] = flags;
+                       return k;
+               }
+               if (page_flags[k] == flags)
+                       return k;
+       }
+
+       fatal("hash table full: bump up HASH_SHIFT?\n");
+       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+void add_page(unsigned long offset, uint64_t flags)
+{
+       flags = expand_overloaded_flags(flags);
+
+       if (!opt_raw)
+               flags = well_known_flags(flags);
+
+       if (!bit_mask_ok(flags))
+               return;
+
+       if (opt_list == 1)
+               show_page_range(offset, flags);
+       else if (opt_list == 2)
+               show_page(offset, flags);
+
+       nr_pages[hash_slot(flags)]++;
+       total_pages++;
+}
+
+void walk_pfn(unsigned long index, unsigned long count)
+{
+       unsigned long batch;
+       unsigned long n;
+       unsigned long i;
+
+       if (index > ULONG_MAX / KPF_BYTES)
+               fatal("index overflow: %lu\n", index);
+
+       lseek(kpageflags_fd, index * KPF_BYTES, SEEK_SET);
+
+       while (count) {
+               batch = min_t(unsigned long, count, PAGES_BATCH);
+               n = read(kpageflags_fd, kpageflags_buf, batch * KPF_BYTES);
+               if (n == 0)
+                       break;
+               if (n < 0) {
+                       perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
+                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+               }
+
+               if (n % KPF_BYTES != 0)
+                       fatal("partial read: %lu bytes\n", n);
+               n = n / KPF_BYTES;
+
+               for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                       add_page(index + i, kpageflags_buf[i]);
+
+               index += batch;
+               count -= batch;
+       }
+}
+
+void walk_addr_ranges(void)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       kpageflags_fd = open(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS, O_RDONLY);
+       if (kpageflags_fd < 0) {
+               perror(PROC_KPAGEFLAGS);
+               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+       }
+
+       if (!nr_addr_ranges)
+               walk_pfn(0, ULONG_MAX);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_addr_ranges; i++)
+               walk_pfn(opt_offset[i], opt_size[i]);
+
+       close(kpageflags_fd);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * user interface
+ */
+
+const char *page_flag_type(uint64_t flag)
+{
+       if (flag & KPF_HACKERS_BITS)
+               return "(r)";
+       if (flag & KPF_OVERLOADED_BITS)
+               return "(o)";
+       return "   ";
+}
+
+void usage(void)
+{
+       int i, j;
+
+       printf(
+"page-types [options]\n"
+"            -r|--raw                  Raw mode, for kernel developers\n"
+"            -a|--addr    addr-spec    Walk a range of pages\n"
+"            -b|--bits    bits-spec    Walk pages with specified bits\n"
+#if 0 /* planned features */
+"            -p|--pid     pid          Walk process address space\n"
+"            -f|--file    filename     Walk file address space\n"
+#endif
+"            -l|--list                 Show page details in ranges\n"
+"            -L|--list-each            Show page details one by one\n"
+"            -N|--no-summary           Don't show summay info\n"
+"            -h|--help                 Show this usage message\n"
+"addr-spec:\n"
+"            N                         one page at offset N (unit: pages)\n"
+"            N+M                       pages range from N to N+M-1\n"
+"            N,M                       pages range from N to M-1\n"
+"            N,                        pages range from N to end\n"
+"            ,M                        pages range from 0 to M\n"
+"bits-spec:\n"
+"            bit1,bit2                 (flags & (bit1|bit2)) != 0\n"
+"            bit1,bit2=bit1            (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
+"            bit1,~bit2                (flags & (bit1|bit2)) == bit1\n"
+"            =bit1,bit2                flags == (bit1|bit2)\n"
+"bit-names:\n"
+       );
+
+       for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
+               if (!page_flag_names[i])
+                       continue;
+               printf("%16s%s", page_flag_names[i] + 2,
+                                page_flag_type(1ULL << i));
+               if (++j > 3) {
+                       j = 0;
+                       putchar('\n');
+               }
+       }
+       printf("\n                                   "
+               "(r) raw mode bits  (o) overloaded bits\n");
+}
+
+unsigned long long parse_number(const char *str)
+{
+       unsigned long long n;
+
+       n = strtoll(str, NULL, 0);
+
+       if (n == 0 && str[0] != '0')
+               fatal("invalid name or number: %s\n", str);
+
+       return n;
+}
+
+void parse_pid(const char *str)
+{
+       opt_pid = parse_number(str);
+}
+
+void parse_file(const char *name)
+{
+}
+
+void add_addr_range(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
+{
+       if (nr_addr_ranges >= MAX_ADDR_RANGES)
+               fatal("too much addr ranges\n");
+
+       opt_offset[nr_addr_ranges] = offset;
+       opt_size[nr_addr_ranges] = size;
+       nr_addr_ranges++;
+}
+
+void parse_addr_range(const char *optarg)
+{
+       unsigned long offset;
+       unsigned long size;
+       char *p;
+
+       p = strchr(optarg, ',');
+       if (!p)
+               p = strchr(optarg, '+');
+
+       if (p == optarg) {
+               offset = 0;
+               size   = parse_number(p + 1);
+       } else if (p) {
+               offset = parse_number(optarg);
+               if (p[1] == '\0')
+                       size = ULONG_MAX;
+               else {
+                       size = parse_number(p + 1);
+                       if (*p == ',') {
+                               if (size < offset)
+                                       fatal("invalid range: %lu,%lu\n",
+                                                       offset, size);
+                               size -= offset;
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               offset = parse_number(optarg);
+               size   = 1;
+       }
+
+       add_addr_range(offset, size);
+}
+
+void add_bits_filter(uint64_t mask, uint64_t bits)
+{
+       if (nr_bit_filters >= MAX_BIT_FILTERS)
+               fatal("too much bit filters\n");
+
+       opt_mask[nr_bit_filters] = mask;
+       opt_bits[nr_bit_filters] = bits;
+       nr_bit_filters++;
+}
+
+uint64_t parse_flag_name(const char *str, int len)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       if (!*str || !len)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (len <= 8 && !strncmp(str, "compound", len))
+               return BITS_COMPOUND;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(page_flag_names); i++) {
+               if (!page_flag_names[i])
+                       continue;
+               if (!strncmp(str, page_flag_names[i] + 2, len))
+                       return 1ULL << i;
+       }
+
+       return parse_number(str);
+}
+
+uint64_t parse_flag_names(const char *str, int all)
+{
+       const char *p    = str;
+       uint64_t   flags = 0;
+
+       while (1) {
+               if (*p == ',' || *p == '=' || *p == '\0') {
+                       if ((*str != '~') || (*str == '~' && all && *++str))
+                               flags |= parse_flag_name(str, p - str);
+                       if (*p != ',')
+                               break;
+                       str = p + 1;
+               }
+               p++;
+       }
+
+       return flags;
+}
+
+void parse_bits_mask(const char *optarg)
+{
+       uint64_t mask;
+       uint64_t bits;
+       const char *p;
+
+       p = strchr(optarg, '=');
+       if (p == optarg) {
+               mask = KPF_ALL_BITS;
+               bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
+       } else if (p) {
+               mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
+               bits = parse_flag_names(p + 1, 0);
+       } else if (strchr(optarg, '~')) {
+               mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 1);
+               bits = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
+       } else {
+               mask = parse_flag_names(optarg, 0);
+               bits = KPF_ALL_BITS;
+       }
+
+       add_bits_filter(mask, bits);
+}
+
+
+struct option opts[] = {
+       { "raw"       , 0, NULL, 'r' },
+       { "pid"       , 1, NULL, 'p' },
+       { "file"      , 1, NULL, 'f' },
+       { "addr"      , 1, NULL, 'a' },
+       { "bits"      , 1, NULL, 'b' },
+       { "list"      , 0, NULL, 'l' },
+       { "list-each" , 0, NULL, 'L' },
+       { "no-summary", 0, NULL, 'N' },
+       { "help"      , 0, NULL, 'h' },
+       { NULL        , 0, NULL, 0 }
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+       int c;
+
+       page_size = getpagesize();
+
+       while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
+                               "rp:f:a:b:lLNh", opts, NULL)) != -1) {
+               switch (c) {
+               case 'r':
+                       opt_raw = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'p':
+                       parse_pid(optarg);
+                       break;
+               case 'f':
+                       parse_file(optarg);
+                       break;
+               case 'a':
+                       parse_addr_range(optarg);
+                       break;
+               case 'b':
+                       parse_bits_mask(optarg);
+                       break;
+               case 'l':
+                       opt_list = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'L':
+                       opt_list = 2;
+                       break;
+               case 'N':
+                       opt_no_summary = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'h':
+                       usage();
+                       exit(0);
+               default:
+                       usage();
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (opt_list == 1)
+               printf("offset\tcount\tflags\n");
+       if (opt_list == 2)
+               printf("offset\tflags\n");
+
+       walk_addr_ranges();
+
+       if (opt_list == 1)
+               show_page_range(0, 0);  /* drain the buffer */
+
+       if (opt_no_summary)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (opt_list)
+               printf("\n\n");
+
+       show_summary();
+
+       return 0;
+}