bpf: bpf_csum_diff: Optimize and homogenize for all archs

bpf: bpf_csum_diff: Optimize and homogenize for all archs

1. Optimization
   ------------

The current implementation copies the 'from' and 'to' buffers to a
scratchpad and it takes the bitwise NOT of 'from' buffer while copying.
In the next step csum_partial() is called with this scratchpad.

so, mathematically, the current implementation is doing:

	result = csum(to - from)

Here, 'to'  and '~ from' are copied in to the scratchpad buffer, we need
it in the scratchpad buffer because csum_partial() takes a single
contiguous buffer and not two disjoint buffers like 'to' and 'from'.

We can re write this equation to:

	result = csum(to) - csum(from)

using the distributive property of csum().

this allows 'to' and 'from' to be at different locations and therefore
this scratchpad and copying is not needed.

This in C code will look like:

result = csum_sub(csum_partial(to, to_size, seed),
                  csum_partial(from, from_size, 0));

2. Homogenization
   --------------

The bpf_csum_diff() helper calls csum_partial() which is implemented by
some architectures like arm and x86 but other architectures rely on the
generic implementation in lib/checksum.c

The generic implementation in lib/checksum.c returns a 16 bit value but
the arch specific implementations can return more than 16 bits, this
works out in most places because before the result is used, it is passed
through csum_fold() that turns it into a 16-bit value.

bpf_csum_diff() directly returns the value from csum_partial() and
therefore the returned values could be different on different
architectures. see discussion in [1]:

for the int value 28 the calculated checksums are:

x86                    :    -29 : 0xffffffe3
generic (arm64, riscv) :  65507 : 0x0000ffe3
arm                    : 131042 : 0x0001ffe2

Pass the result of bpf_csum_diff() through from32to16() before returning
to homogenize this result for all architectures.

NOTE: from32to16() is used instead of csum_fold() because csum_fold()
does from32to16() + bitwise NOT of the result, which is not what we want
to do here.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAJ+HfNiQbOcqCLxFUP2FMm5QrLXUUaj852Fxe3hn_2JNiucn6g@mail.gmail.com/

Signed-off-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20241026125339.26459-3-puranjay@kernel.org