btrfs: enhance ASSERT() to take optional format string

btrfs: enhance ASSERT() to take optional format string

Currently ASSERT() prints the stringified condition and without macro
expansions so simple constants like BTRFS_MAX_METADATA_BLOCKSIZE remain
readable in the output.

There are expressions where we'd like to see the exact values but all we
get is something like:

  assertion failed: em->start <= start && start < extent_map_end(em), in fs/btrfs/extent_map.c:613

It would be nice to be able to print any additional information to help
understand the problem. With some preprocessor magic and compile-time
optimizations we can enhance ASSERT to work like that as well:

  ASSERT(value > limit, "value=%llu limit=%llu", value, limit);

with free-form printk arguments that will be part of the assertion
message.

Pros:
- helps debugging and understanding reported problems
- the optional format is verified at compile-time

Cons:
- increases the .ko size
- writing the assertion code is repetitive (condition, format, values)
- format and variable type must match (extra lookup)
- needs gcc 8.x and newer, otherwise it's the short format

Recommended use is for non-trivial expressions, so basic ASSERT(value) can be
used for pointers or sometimes integers.

The format has been slightly updated to also print the result of the
evaluation of the condition, appended to the stringified condition as
"condition :: <value>".

Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>