bpf: Add function to extract program source info

bpf: Add function to extract program source info

Prepare a function for use in future patches that can extract the file
info, line info, and the source line number for a given BPF program
provided it's program counter.

Only the basename of the file path is provided, given it can be
excessively long in some cases.

This will be used in later patches to print source info to the BPF
stream.

Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250703204818.925464-4-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>