rtc: mc146818-lib: fix RTC presence check

rtc: mc146818-lib: fix RTC presence check

To prevent an infinite loop in mc146818_get_time(),
commit 211e5db19d15 ("rtc: mc146818: Detect and handle broken RTCs")
added a check for RTC availability. Together with a later fix, it
checked if bit 6 in register 0x0d is cleared.

This, however, caused a false negative on a motherboard with an AMD
SB710 southbridge; according to the specification [1], bit 6 of register
0x0d of this chipset is a scratchbit. This caused a regression in Linux
5.11 - the RTC was determined broken by the kernel and not used by
rtc-cmos.c [3]. This problem was also reported in Fedora [4].

As a better alternative, check whether the UIP ("Update-in-progress")
bit is set for longer then 10ms. If that is the case, then apparently
the RTC is either absent (and all register reads return 0xff) or broken.
Also limit the number of loop iterations in mc146818_get_time() to 10 to
prevent an infinite loop there.

The functions mc146818_get_time() and mc146818_does_rtc_work() will be
refactored later in this patch series, in order to fix a separate
problem with reading / setting the RTC alarm time. This is done so to
avoid a confusion about what is being fixed when.

In a previous approach to this problem, I implemented a check whether
the RTC_HOURS register contains a value <= 24. This, however, sometimes
did not work correctly on my Intel Kaby Lake laptop. According to
Intel's documentation [2], "the time and date RAM locations (0-9) are
disconnected from the external bus" during the update cycle so reading
this register without checking the UIP bit is incorrect.

[1] AMD SB700/710/750 Register Reference Guide, page 308,
https://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/43009_sb7xx_rrg_pub_1.00.pdf

[2] 7th Generation Intel ® Processor Family I/O for U/Y Platforms [...] Datasheet
Volume 1 of 2, page 209
Intel's Document Number: 334658-006,
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/7th-and-8th-gen-core-family-mobile-u-y-processor-lines-i-o-datasheet-vol-1.pdf

[3] Functions in arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c apparently were using it.

[4] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1936688

Fixes: 211e5db19d15 ("rtc: mc146818: Detect and handle broken RTCs")
Fixes: ebb22a059436 ("rtc: mc146818: Dont test for bit 0-5 in Register D")
Signed-off-by: Mateusz Jończyk <mat.jonczyk@o2.pl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Cc: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211210200131.153887-5-mat.jonczyk@o2.pl