X-Git-Url: https://git.kernel.dk/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=zbd.c;h=caac68bb3731eed7ef5a9c4f68e560b39bdc35ad;hb=696abd97e2b15d96374b866e577f0afaa4f6f62c;hp=b1fd6b4bb0ae23cda7dba13a3c0bf3577139600f;hpb=d04ed5d3764df8ef793478f17a424613aa506a39;p=fio.git

diff --git a/zbd.c b/zbd.c
index b1fd6b4b..caac68bb 100644
--- a/zbd.c
+++ b/zbd.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "compiler/compiler.h"
 #include "os/os.h"
 #include "file.h"
 #include "fio.h"
@@ -70,6 +71,19 @@ static inline uint64_t zbd_zone_capacity_end(const struct fio_zone_info *z)
 	return z->start + z->capacity;
 }
 
+/**
+ * zbd_zone_remainder - Return the number of bytes that are still available for
+ *                      writing before the zone gets full
+ * @z: zone info pointer.
+ */
+static inline uint64_t zbd_zone_remainder(struct fio_zone_info *z)
+{
+	if (z->wp >= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z))
+		return 0;
+
+	return zbd_zone_capacity_end(z) - z->wp;
+}
+
 /**
  * zbd_zone_full - verify whether a minimum number of bytes remain in a zone
  * @f: file pointer.
@@ -83,20 +97,19 @@ static bool zbd_zone_full(const struct fio_file *f, struct fio_zone_info *z,
 {
 	assert((required & 511) == 0);
 
-	return z->has_wp &&
-		z->wp + required > zbd_zone_capacity_end(z);
+	return z->has_wp && required > zbd_zone_remainder(z);
 }
 
 static void zone_lock(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
 		      struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
 	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd = f->zbd_info;
-	uint32_t nz = z - zbd->zone_info;
-
+	uint32_t const nz = z - zbd->zone_info;
 	/* A thread should never lock zones outside its working area. */
 	assert(f->min_zone <= nz && nz < f->max_zone);
-
 	assert(z->has_wp);
+#endif
 
 	/*
 	 * Lock the io_u target zone. The zone will be unlocked if io_u offset
@@ -116,11 +129,8 @@ static void zone_lock(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
 
 static inline void zone_unlock(struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
-	int ret;
-
 	assert(z->has_wp);
-	ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
-	assert(!ret);
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
 }
 
 static inline struct fio_zone_info *zbd_get_zone(const struct fio_file *f,
@@ -135,6 +145,11 @@ zbd_offset_to_zone(const struct fio_file *f,  uint64_t offset)
 	return zbd_get_zone(f, zbd_offset_to_zone_idx(f, offset));
 }
 
+static bool accounting_vdb(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f)
+{
+	return td->o.zrt.u.f && td_write(td);
+}
+
 /**
  * zbd_get_zoned_model - Get a device zoned model
  * @td: FIO thread data
@@ -196,8 +211,8 @@ static int zbd_report_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 		ret = blkzoned_report_zones(td, f, offset, zones, nr_zones);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		td_verror(td, errno, "report zones failed");
-		log_err("%s: report zones from sector %"PRIu64" failed (%d).\n",
-			f->file_name, offset >> 9, errno);
+		log_err("%s: report zones from sector %"PRIu64" failed (nr_zones=%d; errno=%d).\n",
+			f->file_name, offset >> 9, nr_zones, errno);
 	} else if (ret == 0) {
 		td_verror(td, errno, "Empty zone report");
 		log_err("%s: report zones from sector %"PRIu64" is empty.\n",
@@ -237,7 +252,7 @@ static int zbd_reset_wp(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 }
 
 /**
- * zbd_reset_zone - reset the write pointer of a single zone
+ * __zbd_reset_zone - reset the write pointer of a single zone
  * @td: FIO thread data.
  * @f: FIO file associated with the disk for which to reset a write pointer.
  * @z: Zone to reset.
@@ -246,8 +261,8 @@ static int zbd_reset_wp(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
  *
  * The caller must hold z->mutex.
  */
-static int zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
-			  struct fio_zone_info *z)
+static int __zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
+			    struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
 	uint64_t offset = z->start;
 	uint64_t length = (z+1)->start - offset;
@@ -273,13 +288,13 @@ static int zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 		break;
 	}
 
-	pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
-	f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data -= data_in_zone;
-	f->zbd_info->wp_sectors_with_data -= data_in_zone;
-	pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+	if (accounting_vdb(td, f)) {
+		pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+		f->zbd_info->wp_valid_data_bytes -= data_in_zone;
+		pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+	}
 
 	z->wp = z->start;
-	z->verify_block = 0;
 
 	td->ts.nr_zone_resets++;
 
@@ -287,39 +302,103 @@ static int zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 }
 
 /**
- * zbd_close_zone - Remove a zone from the open zones array.
+ * zbd_write_zone_put - Remove a zone from the write target zones array.
  * @td: FIO thread data.
- * @f: FIO file associated with the disk for which to reset a write pointer.
+ * @f: FIO file that has the write zones array to remove.
  * @zone_idx: Index of the zone to remove.
  *
  * The caller must hold f->zbd_info->mutex.
  */
-static void zbd_close_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
-			   struct fio_zone_info *z)
+static void zbd_write_zone_put(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
+			       struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
-	uint32_t ozi;
+	uint32_t zi;
 
-	if (!z->open)
+	if (!z->write)
 		return;
 
-	for (ozi = 0; ozi < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones; ozi++) {
-		if (zbd_get_zone(f, f->zbd_info->open_zones[ozi]) == z)
+	for (zi = 0; zi < f->zbd_info->num_write_zones; zi++) {
+		if (zbd_get_zone(f, f->zbd_info->write_zones[zi]) == z)
 			break;
 	}
-	if (ozi == f->zbd_info->num_open_zones)
+	if (zi == f->zbd_info->num_write_zones)
 		return;
 
-	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: closing zone %u\n",
+	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: removing zone %u from write zone array\n",
 	       f->file_name, zbd_zone_idx(f, z));
 
-	memmove(f->zbd_info->open_zones + ozi,
-		f->zbd_info->open_zones + ozi + 1,
-		(ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES - (ozi + 1)) *
-		sizeof(f->zbd_info->open_zones[0]));
+	memmove(f->zbd_info->write_zones + zi,
+		f->zbd_info->write_zones + zi + 1,
+		(ZBD_MAX_WRITE_ZONES - (zi + 1)) *
+		sizeof(f->zbd_info->write_zones[0]));
+
+	f->zbd_info->num_write_zones--;
+	td->num_write_zones--;
+	z->write = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * zbd_reset_zone - reset the write pointer of a single zone and remove the zone
+ *                  from the array of write zones.
+ * @td: FIO thread data.
+ * @f: FIO file associated with the disk for which to reset a write pointer.
+ * @z: Zone to reset.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
+ *
+ * The caller must hold z->mutex.
+ */
+static int zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
+			  struct fio_zone_info *z)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = __zbd_reset_zone(td, f, z);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
-	f->zbd_info->num_open_zones--;
-	td->num_open_zones--;
-	z->open = 0;
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+	zbd_write_zone_put(td, f, z);
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * zbd_finish_zone - finish the specified zone
+ * @td: FIO thread data.
+ * @f: FIO file for which to finish a zone
+ * @z: Zone to finish.
+ *
+ * Finish the zone at @offset with open or close status.
+ */
+static int zbd_finish_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
+			   struct fio_zone_info *z)
+{
+	uint64_t offset = z->start;
+	uint64_t length = f->zbd_info->zone_size;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	switch (f->zbd_info->model) {
+	case ZBD_HOST_AWARE:
+	case ZBD_HOST_MANAGED:
+		if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->finish_zone)
+			ret = td->io_ops->finish_zone(td, f, offset, length);
+		else
+			ret = blkzoned_finish_zone(td, f, offset, length);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		td_verror(td, errno, "finish zone failed");
+		log_err("%s: finish zone at sector %"PRIu64" failed (%d).\n",
+			f->file_name, offset >> 9, errno);
+	} else {
+		z->wp = (z+1)->start;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -339,7 +418,8 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 	const uint64_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 	int res = 0;
 
-	assert(min_bs);
+	if (fio_unlikely(0 == min_bs))
+		return 1;
 
 	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: examining zones %u .. %u\n",
 	       f->file_name, zbd_zone_idx(f, zb), zbd_zone_idx(f, ze));
@@ -349,9 +429,6 @@ static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 			continue;
 
 		zone_lock(td, f, z);
-		pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
-		zbd_close_zone(td, f, z);
-		pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
 
 		if (z->wp != z->start) {
 			dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting zone %u\n",
@@ -395,21 +472,47 @@ static int zbd_get_max_open_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
 }
 
 /**
- * zbd_open_zone - Add a zone to the array of open zones.
+ * zbd_get_max_active_zones - Get the maximum number of active zones
+ * @td: FIO thread data
+ * @f: FIO file for which to get max active zones
+ *
+ * Returns max_active_zones limit value of the target file if it is available.
+ * Otherwise return zero, which means no limit.
+ */
+static unsigned int zbd_get_max_active_zones(struct thread_data *td,
+					     struct fio_file *f)
+{
+	unsigned int max_active_zones;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->get_max_active_zones)
+		ret = td->io_ops->get_max_active_zones(td, f,
+						       &max_active_zones);
+	else
+		ret = blkzoned_get_max_active_zones(td, f, &max_active_zones);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: max_active_zones is not available\n",
+		       f->file_name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return max_active_zones;
+}
+
+/**
+ * __zbd_write_zone_get - Add a zone to the array of write zones.
  * @td: fio thread data.
- * @f: fio file that has the open zones to add.
+ * @f: fio file that has the write zones array to add.
  * @zone_idx: Index of the zone to add.
  *
- * Open a ZBD zone if it is not already open. Returns true if either the zone
- * was already open or if the zone was successfully added to the array of open
- * zones without exceeding the maximum number of open zones. Returns false if
- * the zone was not already open and opening the zone would cause the zone limit
- * to be exceeded.
+ * Do same operation as @zbd_write_zone_get, except it adds the zone at
+ * @zone_idx to write target zones array even when it does not have remainder
+ * space to write one block.
  */
-static bool zbd_open_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
-			  struct fio_zone_info *z)
+static bool __zbd_write_zone_get(struct thread_data *td,
+				 const struct fio_file *f,
+				 struct fio_zone_info *z)
 {
-	const uint64_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
 	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbdi = f->zbd_info;
 	uint32_t zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, z);
 	bool res = true;
@@ -421,26 +524,26 @@ static bool zbd_open_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
 	 * Skip full zones with data verification enabled because resetting a
 	 * zone causes data loss and hence causes verification to fail.
 	 */
-	if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && zbd_zone_full(f, z, min_bs))
+	if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && zbd_zone_remainder(z) == 0)
 		return false;
 
 	/*
-	 * zbdi->max_open_zones == 0 means that there is no limit on the maximum
-	 * number of open zones. In this case, do no track open zones in
-	 * zbdi->open_zones array.
+	 * zbdi->max_write_zones == 0 means that there is no limit on the
+	 * maximum number of write target zones. In this case, do no track write
+	 * target zones in zbdi->write_zones array.
 	 */
-	if (!zbdi->max_open_zones)
+	if (!zbdi->max_write_zones)
 		return true;
 
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&zbdi->mutex);
 
-	if (z->open) {
+	if (z->write) {
 		/*
 		 * If the zone is going to be completely filled by writes
-		 * already in-flight, handle it as a full zone instead of an
-		 * open zone.
+		 * already in-flight, handle it as a full zone instead of a
+		 * write target zone.
 		 */
-		if (z->wp >= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z))
+		if (!zbd_zone_remainder(z))
 			res = false;
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -448,17 +551,17 @@ static bool zbd_open_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
 	res = false;
 	/* Zero means no limit */
 	if (td->o.job_max_open_zones > 0 &&
-	    td->num_open_zones >= td->o.job_max_open_zones)
+	    td->num_write_zones >= td->o.job_max_open_zones)
 		goto out;
-	if (zbdi->num_open_zones >= zbdi->max_open_zones)
+	if (zbdi->num_write_zones >= zbdi->max_write_zones)
 		goto out;
 
-	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: opening zone %u\n",
+	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: adding zone %u to write zone array\n",
 	       f->file_name, zone_idx);
 
-	zbdi->open_zones[zbdi->num_open_zones++] = zone_idx;
-	td->num_open_zones++;
-	z->open = 1;
+	zbdi->write_zones[zbdi->num_write_zones++] = zone_idx;
+	td->num_write_zones++;
+	z->write = 1;
 	res = true;
 
 out:
@@ -466,28 +569,54 @@ out:
 	return res;
 }
 
-/* Verify whether direct I/O is used for all host-managed zoned drives. */
+/**
+ * zbd_write_zone_get - Add a zone to the array of write zones.
+ * @td: fio thread data.
+ * @f: fio file that has the open zones to add.
+ * @zone_idx: Index of the zone to add.
+ *
+ * Add a ZBD zone to write target zones array, if it is not yet added. Returns
+ * true if either the zone was already added or if the zone was successfully
+ * added to the array without exceeding the maximum number of write zones.
+ * Returns false if the zone was not already added and addition of the zone
+ * would cause the zone limit to be exceeded.
+ */
+static bool zbd_write_zone_get(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
+			       struct fio_zone_info *z)
+{
+	const uint64_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip full zones with data verification enabled because resetting a
+	 * zone causes data loss and hence causes verification to fail.
+	 */
+	if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && zbd_zone_full(f, z, min_bs))
+		return false;
+
+	return __zbd_write_zone_get(td, f, z);
+}
+
+/* Verify whether direct I/O is used for all host-managed zoned block drives. */
 static bool zbd_using_direct_io(void)
 {
-	struct thread_data *td;
 	struct fio_file *f;
-	int i, j;
+	int j;
 
-	for_each_td(td, i) {
+	for_each_td(td) {
 		if (td->o.odirect || !(td->o.td_ddir & TD_DDIR_WRITE))
 			continue;
 		for_each_file(td, f, j) {
-			if (f->zbd_info &&
+			if (f->zbd_info && f->filetype == FIO_TYPE_BLOCK &&
 			    f->zbd_info->model == ZBD_HOST_MANAGED)
 				return false;
 		}
-	}
+	} end_for_each();
 
 	return true;
 }
 
 /* Whether or not the I/O range for f includes one or more sequential zones */
-static bool zbd_is_seq_job(struct fio_file *f)
+static bool zbd_is_seq_job(const struct fio_file *f)
 {
 	uint32_t zone_idx, zone_idx_b, zone_idx_e;
 
@@ -584,27 +713,25 @@ static bool zbd_zone_align_file_sizes(struct thread_data *td,
  */
 static bool zbd_verify_sizes(void)
 {
-	struct thread_data *td;
 	struct fio_file *f;
-	int i, j;
+	int j;
 
-	for_each_td(td, i) {
+	for_each_td(td) {
 		for_each_file(td, f, j) {
 			if (!zbd_zone_align_file_sizes(td, f))
 				return false;
 		}
-	}
+	} end_for_each();
 
 	return true;
 }
 
 static bool zbd_verify_bs(void)
 {
-	struct thread_data *td;
 	struct fio_file *f;
-	int i, j, k;
+	int j;
 
-	for_each_td(td, i) {
+	for_each_td(td) {
 		if (td_trim(td) &&
 		    (td->o.min_bs[DDIR_TRIM] != td->o.max_bs[DDIR_TRIM] ||
 		     td->o.bssplit_nr[DDIR_TRIM])) {
@@ -624,17 +751,8 @@ static bool zbd_verify_bs(void)
 					 zone_size);
 				return false;
 			}
-			for (k = 0; k < FIO_ARRAY_SIZE(td->o.bs); k++) {
-				if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
-				    zone_size % td->o.bs[k] != 0) {
-					log_info("%s: block size %llu is not a divisor of the zone size %"PRIu64"\n",
-						 f->file_name, td->o.bs[k],
-						 zone_size);
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
 		}
-	}
+	} end_for_each();
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -733,7 +851,8 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 	int nr_zones, nrz;
 	struct zbd_zone *zones, *z;
 	struct fio_zone_info *p;
-	uint64_t zone_size, offset;
+	uint64_t zone_size, offset, capacity;
+	bool same_zone_cap = true;
 	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info = NULL;
 	int i, j, ret = -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -750,6 +869,7 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 	}
 
 	zone_size = zones[0].len;
+	capacity = zones[0].capacity;
 	nr_zones = (f->real_file_size + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
 
 	if (td->o.zone_size == 0) {
@@ -778,6 +898,8 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 						     PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
 			p->start = z->start;
 			p->capacity = z->capacity;
+			if (capacity != z->capacity)
+				same_zone_cap = false;
 
 			switch (z->cond) {
 			case ZBD_ZONE_COND_NOT_WP:
@@ -802,8 +924,9 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 			p->cond = z->cond;
 
 			if (j > 0 && p->start != p[-1].start + zone_size) {
-				log_info("%s: invalid zone data\n",
-					 f->file_name);
+				log_info("%s: invalid zone data [%d:%d]: %"PRIu64" + %"PRIu64" != %"PRIu64"\n",
+					 f->file_name, j, i,
+					 p[-1].start, zone_size, p->start);
 				ret = -EINVAL;
 				goto out;
 			}
@@ -832,6 +955,12 @@ static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 	f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 = is_power_of_2(zone_size) ?
 		ilog2(zone_size) : 0;
 	f->zbd_info->nr_zones = nr_zones;
+	f->zbd_info->max_active_zones = zbd_get_max_active_zones(td, f);
+
+	if (same_zone_cap)
+		dprint(FD_ZBD, "Zone capacity = %"PRIu64" KB\n",
+		       capacity / 1024);
+
 	zbd_info = NULL;
 	ret = 0;
 
@@ -841,7 +970,7 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int zbd_set_max_open_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
+static int zbd_set_max_write_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 {
 	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd = f->zbd_info;
 	unsigned int max_open_zones;
@@ -849,7 +978,7 @@ static int zbd_set_max_open_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 
 	if (zbd->model != ZBD_HOST_MANAGED || td->o.ignore_zone_limits) {
 		/* Only host-managed devices have a max open limit */
-		zbd->max_open_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
+		zbd->max_write_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -860,13 +989,13 @@ static int zbd_set_max_open_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 
 	if (!max_open_zones) {
 		/* No device limit */
-		zbd->max_open_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
+		zbd->max_write_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
 	} else if (!td->o.max_open_zones) {
 		/* No user limit. Set limit to device limit */
-		zbd->max_open_zones = max_open_zones;
+		zbd->max_write_zones = max_open_zones;
 	} else if (td->o.max_open_zones <= max_open_zones) {
 		/* Both user limit and dev limit. User limit not too large */
-		zbd->max_open_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
+		zbd->max_write_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
 	} else {
 		/* Both user limit and dev limit. User limit too large */
 		td_verror(td, EINVAL,
@@ -878,15 +1007,15 @@ static int zbd_set_max_open_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 
 out:
 	/* Ensure that the limit is not larger than FIO's internal limit */
-	if (zbd->max_open_zones > ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES) {
+	if (zbd->max_write_zones > ZBD_MAX_WRITE_ZONES) {
 		td_verror(td, EINVAL, "'max_open_zones' value is too large");
 		log_err("'max_open_zones' value is larger than %u\n",
-			ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES);
+			ZBD_MAX_WRITE_ZONES);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: using max open zones limit: %"PRIu32"\n",
-	       f->file_name, zbd->max_open_zones);
+	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: using max write zones limit: %"PRIu32"\n",
+	       f->file_name, zbd->max_write_zones);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -928,7 +1057,7 @@ static int zbd_create_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 	assert(f->zbd_info);
 	f->zbd_info->model = zbd_model;
 
-	ret = zbd_set_max_open_zones(td, f);
+	ret = zbd_set_max_write_zones(td, f);
 	if (ret) {
 		zbd_free_zone_info(f);
 		return ret;
@@ -963,11 +1092,10 @@ void zbd_free_zone_info(struct fio_file *f)
  */
 static int zbd_init_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *file)
 {
-	struct thread_data *td2;
 	struct fio_file *f2;
-	int i, j, ret;
+	int j, ret;
 
-	for_each_td(td2, i) {
+	for_each_td(td2) {
 		for_each_file(td2, f2, j) {
 			if (td2 == td && f2 == file)
 				continue;
@@ -978,7 +1106,7 @@ static int zbd_init_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *file)
 			file->zbd_info->refcount++;
 			return 0;
 		}
-	}
+	} end_for_each();
 
 	ret = zbd_create_zone_info(td, file);
 	if (ret < 0)
@@ -1028,6 +1156,52 @@ void zbd_recalc_options_with_zone_granularity(struct thread_data *td)
 	}
 }
 
+static uint64_t zbd_verify_and_set_vdb(struct thread_data *td,
+				       const struct fio_file *f)
+{
+	struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze, *z;
+	uint64_t wp_vdb = 0;
+	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbdi = f->zbd_info;
+
+	assert(td->runstate < TD_RUNNING);
+	assert(zbdi);
+
+	if (!accounting_vdb(td, f))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that the I/O range includes one or more sequential zones so
+	 * that f->min_zone and f->max_zone have different values.
+	 */
+	if (!zbd_is_seq_job(f))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (zbdi->write_min_zone != zbdi->write_max_zone) {
+		if (zbdi->write_min_zone != f->min_zone ||
+		    zbdi->write_max_zone != f->max_zone) {
+			td_verror(td, EINVAL,
+				  "multi-jobs with different write ranges are "
+				  "not supported with zone_reset_threshold");
+			log_err("multi-jobs with different write ranges are "
+				"not supported with zone_reset_threshold\n");
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	zbdi->write_min_zone = f->min_zone;
+	zbdi->write_max_zone = f->max_zone;
+
+	zb = zbd_get_zone(f, f->min_zone);
+	ze = zbd_get_zone(f, f->max_zone);
+	for (z = zb; z < ze; z++)
+		if (z->has_wp)
+			wp_vdb += z->wp - z->start;
+
+	zbdi->wp_valid_data_bytes = wp_vdb;
+
+	return wp_vdb;
+}
+
 int zbd_setup_files(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct fio_file *f;
@@ -1044,10 +1218,16 @@ int zbd_setup_files(struct thread_data *td)
 	if (!zbd_verify_bs())
 		return 1;
 
+	if (td->o.experimental_verify) {
+		log_err("zonemode=zbd does not support experimental verify\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 		struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd = f->zbd_info;
 		struct fio_zone_info *z;
 		int zi;
+		uint64_t vdb;
 
 		assert(zbd);
 
@@ -1055,6 +1235,11 @@ int zbd_setup_files(struct thread_data *td)
 		f->max_zone =
 			zbd_offset_to_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset + f->io_size);
 
+		vdb = zbd_verify_and_set_vdb(td, f);
+
+		dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): valid data bytes = %" PRIu64 "\n",
+		       __func__, f->file_name, vdb);
+
 		/*
 		 * When all zones in the I/O range are conventional, io_size
 		 * can be smaller than zone size, making min_zone the same
@@ -1065,7 +1250,7 @@ int zbd_setup_files(struct thread_data *td)
 			assert(f->min_zone < f->max_zone);
 
 		if (td->o.max_open_zones > 0 &&
-		    zbd->max_open_zones != td->o.max_open_zones) {
+		    zbd->max_write_zones != td->o.max_open_zones) {
 			log_err("Different 'max_open_zones' values\n");
 			return 1;
 		}
@@ -1075,34 +1260,36 @@ int zbd_setup_files(struct thread_data *td)
 		 * global max open zones limit. (As the tracking of open zones
 		 * is disabled when there is no global max open zones limit.)
 		 */
-		if (td->o.job_max_open_zones && !zbd->max_open_zones) {
+		if (td->o.job_max_open_zones && !zbd->max_write_zones) {
 			log_err("'job_max_open_zones' cannot be used without a global open zones limit\n");
 			return 1;
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * zbd->max_open_zones is the global limit shared for all jobs
+		 * zbd->max_write_zones is the global limit shared for all jobs
 		 * that target the same zoned block device. Force sync the per
 		 * thread global limit with the actual global limit. (The real
 		 * per thread/job limit is stored in td->o.job_max_open_zones).
 		 */
-		td->o.max_open_zones = zbd->max_open_zones;
+		td->o.max_open_zones = zbd->max_write_zones;
 
 		for (zi = f->min_zone; zi < f->max_zone; zi++) {
 			z = &zbd->zone_info[zi];
 			if (z->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_IMP_OPEN &&
-			    z->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_EXP_OPEN)
+			    z->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_EXP_OPEN &&
+			    z->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_CLOSED)
 				continue;
-			if (zbd_open_zone(td, f, z))
+			if (!zbd->max_active_zones &&
+			    z->cond == ZBD_ZONE_COND_CLOSED)
+				continue;
+			if (__zbd_write_zone_get(td, f, z))
 				continue;
 			/*
 			 * If the number of open zones exceeds specified limits,
-			 * reset all extra open zones.
+			 * error out.
 			 */
-			if (zbd_reset_zone(td, f, z) < 0) {
-				log_err("Failed to reest zone %d\n", zi);
-				return 1;
-			}
+			log_err("Number of open zones exceeds max_open_zones limit\n");
+			return 1;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1146,140 +1333,83 @@ static bool zbd_dec_and_reset_write_cnt(const struct thread_data *td,
 	return write_cnt == 0;
 }
 
-enum swd_action {
-	CHECK_SWD,
-	SET_SWD,
-};
-
-/* Calculate the number of sectors with data (swd) and perform action 'a' */
-static uint64_t zbd_process_swd(struct thread_data *td,
-				const struct fio_file *f, enum swd_action a)
-{
-	struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze, *z;
-	uint64_t swd = 0;
-	uint64_t wp_swd = 0;
-
-	zb = zbd_get_zone(f, f->min_zone);
-	ze = zbd_get_zone(f, f->max_zone);
-	for (z = zb; z < ze; z++) {
-		if (z->has_wp) {
-			zone_lock(td, f, z);
-			wp_swd += z->wp - z->start;
-		}
-		swd += z->wp - z->start;
-	}
-
-	pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
-	switch (a) {
-	case CHECK_SWD:
-		assert(f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data == swd);
-		assert(f->zbd_info->wp_sectors_with_data == wp_swd);
-		break;
-	case SET_SWD:
-		f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data = swd;
-		f->zbd_info->wp_sectors_with_data = wp_swd;
-		break;
-	}
-	pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
-
-	for (z = zb; z < ze; z++)
-		if (z->has_wp)
-			zone_unlock(z);
-
-	return swd;
-}
-
-/*
- * The swd check is useful for debugging but takes too much time to leave
- * it enabled all the time. Hence it is disabled by default.
- */
-static const bool enable_check_swd = false;
-
-/* Check whether the values of zbd_info.*sectors_with_data are correct. */
-static void zbd_check_swd(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f)
-{
-	if (!enable_check_swd)
-		return;
-
-	zbd_process_swd(td, f, CHECK_SWD);
-}
-
 void zbd_file_reset(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 {
 	struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze;
-	uint64_t swd;
+	bool verify_data_left = false;
 
 	if (!f->zbd_info || !td_write(td))
 		return;
 
 	zb = zbd_get_zone(f, f->min_zone);
 	ze = zbd_get_zone(f, f->max_zone);
-	swd = zbd_process_swd(td, f, SET_SWD);
-
-	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): swd = %" PRIu64 "\n",
-	       __func__, f->file_name, swd);
 
 	/*
 	 * If data verification is enabled reset the affected zones before
 	 * writing any data to avoid that a zone reset has to be issued while
 	 * writing data, which causes data loss.
 	 */
-	if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && td->runstate != TD_VERIFYING)
-		zbd_reset_zones(td, f, zb, ze);
+	if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE) {
+		verify_data_left = td->runstate == TD_VERIFYING ||
+			td->io_hist_len || td->verify_batch;
+		if (td->io_hist_len && td->o.verify_backlog)
+			verify_data_left =
+				td->io_hist_len % td->o.verify_backlog;
+		if (!verify_data_left)
+			zbd_reset_zones(td, f, zb, ze);
+	}
+
 	zbd_reset_write_cnt(td, f);
 }
 
-/* Return random zone index for one of the open zones. */
+/* Return random zone index for one of the write target zones. */
 static uint32_t pick_random_zone_idx(const struct fio_file *f,
 				     const struct io_u *io_u)
 {
 	return (io_u->offset - f->file_offset) *
-		f->zbd_info->num_open_zones / f->io_size;
+		f->zbd_info->num_write_zones / f->io_size;
 }
 
 static bool any_io_in_flight(void)
 {
-	struct thread_data *td;
-	int i;
-
-	for_each_td(td, i) {
+	for_each_td(td) {
 		if (td->io_u_in_flight)
 			return true;
-	}
+	} end_for_each();
 
 	return false;
 }
 
 /*
- * Modify the offset of an I/O unit that does not refer to an open zone such
- * that it refers to an open zone. Close an open zone and open a new zone if
- * necessary. The open zone is searched across sequential zones.
+ * Modify the offset of an I/O unit that does not refer to a zone such that
+ * in write target zones array. Add a zone to or remove a zone from the lsit if
+ * necessary. The write target zone is searched across sequential zones.
  * This algorithm can only work correctly if all write pointers are
  * a multiple of the fio block size. The caller must neither hold z->mutex
  * nor f->zbd_info->mutex. Returns with z->mutex held upon success.
  */
-static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_convert_to_open_zone(struct thread_data *td,
-						      struct io_u *io_u)
+static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_convert_to_write_zone(struct thread_data *td,
+						       struct io_u *io_u)
 {
 	const uint64_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[io_u->ddir];
 	struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbdi = f->zbd_info;
 	struct fio_zone_info *z;
-	unsigned int open_zone_idx = -1;
+	unsigned int write_zone_idx = -1;
 	uint32_t zone_idx, new_zone_idx;
 	int i;
-	bool wait_zone_close;
+	bool wait_zone_write;
 	bool in_flight;
 	bool should_retry = true;
 
 	assert(is_valid_offset(f, io_u->offset));
 
-	if (zbdi->max_open_zones || td->o.job_max_open_zones) {
+	if (zbdi->max_write_zones || td->o.job_max_open_zones) {
 		/*
-		 * This statement accesses zbdi->open_zones[] on purpose
+		 * This statement accesses zbdi->write_zones[] on purpose
 		 * without locking.
 		 */
-		zone_idx = zbdi->open_zones[pick_random_zone_idx(f, io_u)];
+		zone_idx = zbdi->write_zones[pick_random_zone_idx(f, io_u)];
 	} else {
 		zone_idx = zbd_offset_to_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
 	}
@@ -1309,34 +1439,34 @@ static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_convert_to_open_zone(struct thread_data *td,
 
 		if (z->has_wp) {
 			if (z->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE &&
-			    zbdi->max_open_zones == 0 &&
+			    zbdi->max_write_zones == 0 &&
 			    td->o.job_max_open_zones == 0)
 				goto examine_zone;
-			if (zbdi->num_open_zones == 0) {
-				dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): no zones are open\n",
+			if (zbdi->num_write_zones == 0) {
+				dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): no zone is write target\n",
 				       __func__, f->file_name);
-				goto open_other_zone;
+				goto choose_other_zone;
 			}
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * List of opened zones is per-device, shared across all
+		 * Array of write target zones is per-device, shared across all
 		 * threads. Start with quasi-random candidate zone. Ignore
 		 * zones which don't belong to thread's offset/size area.
 		 */
-		open_zone_idx = pick_random_zone_idx(f, io_u);
-		assert(!open_zone_idx ||
-		       open_zone_idx < zbdi->num_open_zones);
-		tmp_idx = open_zone_idx;
+		write_zone_idx = pick_random_zone_idx(f, io_u);
+		assert(!write_zone_idx ||
+		       write_zone_idx < zbdi->num_write_zones);
+		tmp_idx = write_zone_idx;
 
-		for (i = 0; i < zbdi->num_open_zones; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < zbdi->num_write_zones; i++) {
 			uint32_t tmpz;
 
-			if (tmp_idx >= zbdi->num_open_zones)
+			if (tmp_idx >= zbdi->num_write_zones)
 				tmp_idx = 0;
-			tmpz = zbdi->open_zones[tmp_idx];
+			tmpz = zbdi->write_zones[tmp_idx];
 			if (f->min_zone <= tmpz && tmpz < f->max_zone) {
-				open_zone_idx = tmp_idx;
+				write_zone_idx = tmp_idx;
 				goto found_candidate_zone;
 			}
 
@@ -1354,7 +1484,7 @@ static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_convert_to_open_zone(struct thread_data *td,
 		return NULL;
 
 found_candidate_zone:
-		new_zone_idx = zbdi->open_zones[open_zone_idx];
+		new_zone_idx = zbdi->write_zones[write_zone_idx];
 		if (new_zone_idx == zone_idx)
 			break;
 		zone_idx = new_zone_idx;
@@ -1368,37 +1498,37 @@ found_candidate_zone:
 	/* Both z->mutex and zbdi->mutex are held. */
 
 examine_zone:
-	if (z->wp + min_bs <= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z)) {
+	if (zbd_zone_remainder(z) >= min_bs) {
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbdi->mutex);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-open_other_zone:
-	/* Check if number of open zones reaches one of limits. */
-	wait_zone_close =
-		zbdi->num_open_zones == f->max_zone - f->min_zone ||
-		(zbdi->max_open_zones &&
-		 zbdi->num_open_zones == zbdi->max_open_zones) ||
+choose_other_zone:
+	/* Check if number of write target zones reaches one of limits. */
+	wait_zone_write =
+		zbdi->num_write_zones == f->max_zone - f->min_zone ||
+		(zbdi->max_write_zones &&
+		 zbdi->num_write_zones == zbdi->max_write_zones) ||
 		(td->o.job_max_open_zones &&
-		 td->num_open_zones == td->o.job_max_open_zones);
+		 td->num_write_zones == td->o.job_max_open_zones);
 
 	pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbdi->mutex);
 
 	/* Only z->mutex is held. */
 
 	/*
-	 * When number of open zones reaches to one of limits, wait for
-	 * zone close before opening a new zone.
+	 * When number of write target zones reaches to one of limits, wait for
+	 * zone write completion to one of them before trying a new zone.
 	 */
-	if (wait_zone_close) {
+	if (wait_zone_write) {
 		dprint(FD_ZBD,
-		       "%s(%s): quiesce to allow open zones to close\n",
+		       "%s(%s): quiesce to remove a zone from write target zones array\n",
 		       __func__, f->file_name);
 		io_u_quiesce(td);
 	}
 
 retry:
-	/* Zone 'z' is full, so try to open a new zone. */
+	/* Zone 'z' is full, so try to choose a new zone. */
 	for (i = f->io_size / zbdi->zone_size; i > 0; i--) {
 		zone_idx++;
 		if (z->has_wp)
@@ -1413,18 +1543,18 @@ retry:
 		if (!z->has_wp)
 			continue;
 		zone_lock(td, f, z);
-		if (z->open)
+		if (z->write)
 			continue;
-		if (zbd_open_zone(td, f, z))
+		if (zbd_write_zone_get(td, f, z))
 			goto out;
 	}
 
 	/* Only z->mutex is held. */
 
-	/* Check whether the write fits in any of the already opened zones. */
+	/* Check whether the write fits in any of the write target zones. */
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&zbdi->mutex);
-	for (i = 0; i < zbdi->num_open_zones; i++) {
-		zone_idx = zbdi->open_zones[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < zbdi->num_write_zones; i++) {
+		zone_idx = zbdi->write_zones[i];
 		if (zone_idx < f->min_zone || zone_idx >= f->max_zone)
 			continue;
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbdi->mutex);
@@ -1433,26 +1563,27 @@ retry:
 		z = zbd_get_zone(f, zone_idx);
 
 		zone_lock(td, f, z);
-		if (z->wp + min_bs <= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z))
+		if (zbd_zone_remainder(z) >= min_bs)
 			goto out;
 		pthread_mutex_lock(&zbdi->mutex);
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * When any I/O is in-flight or when all I/Os in-flight get completed,
-	 * the I/Os might have closed zones then retry the steps to open a zone.
-	 * Before retry, call io_u_quiesce() to complete in-flight writes.
+	 * the I/Os might have removed zones from the write target array then
+	 * retry the steps to choose a zone. Before retry, call io_u_quiesce()
+	 * to complete in-flight writes.
 	 */
 	in_flight = any_io_in_flight();
 	if (in_flight || should_retry) {
 		dprint(FD_ZBD,
-		       "%s(%s): wait zone close and retry open zones\n",
+		       "%s(%s): wait zone write and retry write target zone selection\n",
 		       __func__, f->file_name);
+		should_retry = in_flight;
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbdi->mutex);
 		zone_unlock(z);
 		io_u_quiesce(td);
 		zone_lock(td, f, z);
-		should_retry = in_flight;
 		goto retry;
 	}
 
@@ -1460,7 +1591,7 @@ retry:
 
 	zone_unlock(z);
 
-	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): did not open another zone\n",
+	dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): did not choose another write zone\n",
 	       __func__, f->file_name);
 
 	return NULL;
@@ -1476,42 +1607,6 @@ out:
 	return z;
 }
 
-/* The caller must hold z->mutex. */
-static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_replay_write_order(struct thread_data *td,
-						    struct io_u *io_u,
-						    struct fio_zone_info *z)
-{
-	const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
-	const uint64_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
-
-	if (!zbd_open_zone(td, f, z)) {
-		zone_unlock(z);
-		z = zbd_convert_to_open_zone(td, io_u);
-		assert(z);
-	}
-
-	if (z->verify_block * min_bs >= z->capacity) {
-		log_err("%s: %d * %"PRIu64" >= %"PRIu64"\n",
-			f->file_name, z->verify_block, min_bs, z->capacity);
-		/*
-		 * If the assertion below fails during a test run, adding
-		 * "--experimental_verify=1" to the command line may help.
-		 */
-		assert(false);
-	}
-
-	io_u->offset = z->start + z->verify_block * min_bs;
-	if (io_u->offset + io_u->buflen >= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z)) {
-		log_err("%s: %llu + %llu >= %"PRIu64"\n",
-			f->file_name, io_u->offset, io_u->buflen,
-			zbd_zone_capacity_end(z));
-		assert(false);
-	}
-	z->verify_block += io_u->buflen / min_bs;
-
-	return z;
-}
-
 /*
  * Find another zone which has @min_bytes of readable data. Search in zones
  * @zb + 1 .. @zl. For random workload, also search in zones @zb - 1 .. @zf.
@@ -1566,7 +1661,8 @@ zbd_find_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u, uint64_t min_bytes,
  * @io_u: I/O unit
  * @z: zone info pointer
  *
- * If the write command made the zone full, close it.
+ * If the write command made the zone full, remove it from the write target
+ * zones array.
  *
  * The caller must hold z->mutex.
  */
@@ -1578,7 +1674,7 @@ static void zbd_end_zone_io(struct thread_data *td, const struct io_u *io_u,
 	if (io_u->ddir == DDIR_WRITE &&
 	    io_u->offset + io_u->buflen >= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z)) {
 		pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
-		zbd_close_zone(td, f, z);
+		zbd_write_zone_put(td, f, z);
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
 	}
 }
@@ -1621,12 +1717,11 @@ static void zbd_queue_io(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u, int q,
 		 * z->wp > zone_end means that one or more I/O errors
 		 * have occurred.
 		 */
-		pthread_mutex_lock(&zbd_info->mutex);
-		if (z->wp <= zone_end) {
-			zbd_info->sectors_with_data += zone_end - z->wp;
-			zbd_info->wp_sectors_with_data += zone_end - z->wp;
+		if (accounting_vdb(td, f) && z->wp <= zone_end) {
+			pthread_mutex_lock(&zbd_info->mutex);
+			zbd_info->wp_valid_data_bytes += zone_end - z->wp;
+			pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbd_info->mutex);
 		}
-		pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbd_info->mutex);
 		z->wp = zone_end;
 		break;
 	default:
@@ -1651,10 +1746,9 @@ unlock:
 static void zbd_put_io(struct thread_data *td, const struct io_u *io_u)
 {
 	const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
-	struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info = f->zbd_info;
 	struct fio_zone_info *z;
 
-	assert(zbd_info);
+	assert(f->zbd_info);
 
 	z = zbd_offset_to_zone(f, io_u->offset);
 	assert(z->has_wp);
@@ -1666,7 +1760,6 @@ static void zbd_put_io(struct thread_data *td, const struct io_u *io_u)
 	zbd_end_zone_io(td, io_u, z);
 
 	zone_unlock(z);
-	zbd_check_swd(td, f);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1783,8 +1876,7 @@ enum fio_ddir zbd_adjust_ddir(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u,
 	if (ddir != DDIR_READ || !td_rw(td))
 		return ddir;
 
-	if (io_u->file->zbd_info->sectors_with_data ||
-	    td->o.read_beyond_wp)
+	if (io_u->file->last_start[DDIR_WRITE] != -1ULL || td->o.read_beyond_wp)
 		return DDIR_READ;
 
 	return DDIR_WRITE;
@@ -1856,16 +1948,12 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 	    io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ && td->o.read_beyond_wp)
 		return io_u_accept;
 
-	zbd_check_swd(td, f);
-
 	zone_lock(td, f, zb);
 
 	switch (io_u->ddir) {
 	case DDIR_READ:
-		if (td->runstate == TD_VERIFYING && td_write(td)) {
-			zb = zbd_replay_write_order(td, io_u, zb);
+		if (td->runstate == TD_VERIFYING && td_write(td))
 			goto accept;
-		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Check that there is enough written data in the zone to do an
@@ -1941,26 +2029,70 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 			goto eof;
 		}
 
-		if (!zbd_open_zone(td, f, zb)) {
+retry:
+		if (zbd_zone_remainder(zb) > 0 &&
+		    zbd_zone_remainder(zb) < min_bs) {
+			pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+			zbd_write_zone_put(td, f, zb);
+			pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
+			dprint(FD_ZBD,
+			       "%s: finish zone %d\n",
+			       f->file_name, zbd_zone_idx(f, zb));
+			io_u_quiesce(td);
+			zbd_finish_zone(td, f, zb);
+			if (zbd_zone_idx(f, zb) + 1 >= f->max_zone) {
+				if (!td_random(td))
+					goto eof;
+			}
 			zone_unlock(zb);
-			zb = zbd_convert_to_open_zone(td, io_u);
+
+			/* Find the next write pointer zone */
+			do {
+				zb++;
+				if (zbd_zone_idx(f, zb) >= f->max_zone)
+					zb = zbd_get_zone(f, f->min_zone);
+			} while (!zb->has_wp);
+
+			zone_lock(td, f, zb);
+		}
+
+		if (!zbd_write_zone_get(td, f, zb)) {
+			zone_unlock(zb);
+			zb = zbd_convert_to_write_zone(td, io_u);
 			if (!zb) {
-				dprint(FD_IO, "%s: can't convert to open zone",
+				dprint(FD_IO, "%s: can't convert to write target zone",
 				       f->file_name);
 				goto eof;
 			}
 		}
 
+		if (zbd_zone_remainder(zb) > 0 &&
+		    zbd_zone_remainder(zb) < min_bs)
+			goto retry;
+
 		/* Check whether the zone reset threshold has been exceeded */
 		if (td->o.zrf.u.f) {
-			if (zbdi->wp_sectors_with_data >= f->io_size * td->o.zrt.u.f &&
+			if (zbdi->wp_valid_data_bytes >=
+			    f->io_size * td->o.zrt.u.f &&
 			    zbd_dec_and_reset_write_cnt(td, f))
 				zb->reset_zone = 1;
 		}
 
 		/* Reset the zone pointer if necessary */
 		if (zb->reset_zone || zbd_zone_full(f, zb, min_bs)) {
-			assert(td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE);
+			if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE) {
+				/*
+				 * Unset io-u->file to tell get_next_verify()
+				 * that this IO is not requeue.
+				 */
+				io_u->file = NULL;
+				if (!get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
+					zone_unlock(zb);
+					return io_u_accept;
+				}
+				io_u->file = f;
+			}
+
 			/*
 			 * Since previous write requests may have been submitted
 			 * asynchronously and since we will submit the zone
@@ -1970,7 +2102,7 @@ enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 			 */
 			io_u_quiesce(td);
 			zb->reset_zone = 0;
-			if (zbd_reset_zone(td, f, zb) < 0)
+			if (__zbd_reset_zone(td, f, zb) < 0)
 				goto eof;
 
 			if (zb->capacity < min_bs) {
@@ -2089,7 +2221,7 @@ char *zbd_write_status(const struct thread_stat *ts)
  * Return io_u_completed when reset zone succeeds. Return 0 when the target zone
  * does not have write pointer. On error, return negative errno.
  */
-int zbd_do_io_u_trim(const struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
+int zbd_do_io_u_trim(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 {
 	struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
 	struct fio_zone_info *z;
@@ -2111,3 +2243,15 @@ int zbd_do_io_u_trim(const struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 
 	return io_u_completed;
 }
+
+void zbd_log_err(const struct thread_data *td, const struct io_u *io_u)
+{
+	const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
+
+	if (td->o.zone_mode != ZONE_MODE_ZBD)
+		return;
+
+	if (io_u->error == EOVERFLOW)
+		log_err("%s: Exceeded max_active_zones limit. Check conditions of zones out of I/O ranges.\n",
+			f->file_name);
+}