2 * Copyright (C) 2018 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
4 * This file is released under the GPL.
19 #include "oslib/asprintf.h"
26 * zbd_get_zoned_model - Get a device zoned model
27 * @td: FIO thread data
28 * @f: FIO file for which to get model information
30 int zbd_get_zoned_model(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
31 enum zbd_zoned_model *model)
35 if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->get_zoned_model)
36 ret = td->io_ops->get_zoned_model(td, f, model);
38 ret = blkzoned_get_zoned_model(td, f, model);
40 td_verror(td, errno, "get zoned model failed");
41 log_err("%s: get zoned model failed (%d).\n",
49 * zbd_report_zones - Get zone information
50 * @td: FIO thread data.
51 * @f: FIO file for which to get zone information
52 * @offset: offset from which to report zones
53 * @zones: Array of struct zbd_zone
54 * @nr_zones: Size of @zones array
56 * Get zone information into @zones starting from the zone at offset @offset
57 * for the device specified by @f.
59 * Returns the number of zones reported upon success and a negative error code
60 * upon failure. If the zone report is empty, always assume an error (device
61 * problem) and return -EIO.
63 int zbd_report_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
64 uint64_t offset, struct zbd_zone *zones,
65 unsigned int nr_zones)
69 if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->report_zones)
70 ret = td->io_ops->report_zones(td, f, offset, zones, nr_zones);
72 ret = blkzoned_report_zones(td, f, offset, zones, nr_zones);
74 td_verror(td, errno, "report zones failed");
75 log_err("%s: report zones from sector %llu failed (%d).\n",
76 f->file_name, (unsigned long long)offset >> 9, errno);
77 } else if (ret == 0) {
78 td_verror(td, errno, "Empty zone report");
79 log_err("%s: report zones from sector %llu is empty.\n",
80 f->file_name, (unsigned long long)offset >> 9);
88 * zbd_reset_wp - reset the write pointer of a range of zones
89 * @td: FIO thread data.
90 * @f: FIO file for which to reset zones
91 * @offset: Starting offset of the first zone to reset
92 * @length: Length of the range of zones to reset
94 * Reset the write pointer of all zones in the range @offset...@offset+@length.
95 * Returns 0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
97 int zbd_reset_wp(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
98 uint64_t offset, uint64_t length)
102 if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->reset_wp)
103 ret = td->io_ops->reset_wp(td, f, offset, length);
105 ret = blkzoned_reset_wp(td, f, offset, length);
107 td_verror(td, errno, "resetting wp failed");
108 log_err("%s: resetting wp for %llu sectors at sector %llu failed (%d).\n",
109 f->file_name, (unsigned long long)length >> 9,
110 (unsigned long long)offset >> 9, errno);
117 * zbd_zone_idx - convert an offset into a zone number
119 * @offset: offset in bytes. If this offset is in the first zone_size bytes
120 * past the disk size then the index of the sentinel is returned.
122 static uint32_t zbd_zone_idx(const struct fio_file *f, uint64_t offset)
126 if (f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 > 0)
127 zone_idx = offset >> f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2;
129 zone_idx = offset / f->zbd_info->zone_size;
131 return min(zone_idx, f->zbd_info->nr_zones);
135 * zbd_zone_swr - Test whether a zone requires sequential writes
136 * @z: zone info pointer.
138 static inline bool zbd_zone_swr(struct fio_zone_info *z)
140 return z->type == ZBD_ZONE_TYPE_SWR;
144 * zbd_zone_end - Return zone end location
145 * @z: zone info pointer.
147 static inline uint64_t zbd_zone_end(const struct fio_zone_info *z)
153 * zbd_zone_capacity_end - Return zone capacity limit end location
154 * @z: zone info pointer.
156 static inline uint64_t zbd_zone_capacity_end(const struct fio_zone_info *z)
158 return z->start + z->capacity;
162 * zbd_zone_full - verify whether a minimum number of bytes remain in a zone
164 * @z: zone info pointer.
165 * @required: minimum number of bytes that must remain in a zone.
167 * The caller must hold z->mutex.
169 static bool zbd_zone_full(const struct fio_file *f, struct fio_zone_info *z,
172 assert((required & 511) == 0);
174 return zbd_zone_swr(z) &&
175 z->wp + required > zbd_zone_capacity_end(z);
178 static void zone_lock(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f, struct fio_zone_info *z)
180 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd = f->zbd_info;
181 uint32_t nz = z - zbd->zone_info;
183 /* A thread should never lock zones outside its working area. */
184 assert(f->min_zone <= nz && nz < f->max_zone);
187 * Lock the io_u target zone. The zone will be unlocked if io_u offset
188 * is changed or when io_u completes and zbd_put_io() executed.
189 * To avoid multiple jobs doing asynchronous I/Os from deadlocking each
190 * other waiting for zone locks when building an io_u batch, first
191 * only trylock the zone. If the zone is already locked by another job,
192 * process the currently queued I/Os so that I/O progress is made and
195 if (pthread_mutex_trylock(&z->mutex) != 0) {
196 if (!td_ioengine_flagged(td, FIO_SYNCIO))
198 pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
202 static bool is_valid_offset(const struct fio_file *f, uint64_t offset)
204 return (uint64_t)(offset - f->file_offset) < f->io_size;
207 /* Verify whether direct I/O is used for all host-managed zoned drives. */
208 static bool zbd_using_direct_io(void)
210 struct thread_data *td;
215 if (td->o.odirect || !(td->o.td_ddir & TD_DDIR_WRITE))
217 for_each_file(td, f, j) {
219 f->zbd_info->model == ZBD_HOST_MANAGED)
227 /* Whether or not the I/O range for f includes one or more sequential zones */
228 static bool zbd_is_seq_job(struct fio_file *f)
230 uint32_t zone_idx, zone_idx_b, zone_idx_e;
235 zone_idx_b = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset);
236 zone_idx_e = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset + f->io_size - 1);
237 for (zone_idx = zone_idx_b; zone_idx <= zone_idx_e; zone_idx++)
238 if (zbd_zone_swr(&f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx]))
245 * Verify whether offset and size parameters are aligned with zone boundaries.
247 static bool zbd_verify_sizes(void)
249 const struct fio_zone_info *z;
250 struct thread_data *td;
252 uint64_t new_offset, new_end;
257 for_each_file(td, f, j) {
260 if (f->file_offset >= f->real_file_size)
262 if (!zbd_is_seq_job(f))
265 if (!td->o.zone_size) {
266 td->o.zone_size = f->zbd_info->zone_size;
267 if (!td->o.zone_size) {
268 log_err("%s: invalid 0 zone size\n",
272 } else if (td->o.zone_size != f->zbd_info->zone_size) {
273 log_err("%s: job parameter zonesize %llu does not match disk zone size %llu.\n",
274 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_size,
275 (unsigned long long) f->zbd_info->zone_size);
279 if (td->o.zone_skip &&
280 (td->o.zone_skip < td->o.zone_size ||
281 td->o.zone_skip % td->o.zone_size)) {
282 log_err("%s: zoneskip %llu is not a multiple of the device zone size %llu.\n",
283 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_skip,
284 (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_size);
288 zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset);
289 z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
290 if ((f->file_offset != z->start) &&
291 (td->o.td_ddir != TD_DDIR_READ)) {
292 new_offset = zbd_zone_end(z);
293 if (new_offset >= f->file_offset + f->io_size) {
294 log_info("%s: io_size must be at least one zone\n",
298 log_info("%s: rounded up offset from %llu to %llu\n",
299 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) f->file_offset,
300 (unsigned long long) new_offset);
301 f->io_size -= (new_offset - f->file_offset);
302 f->file_offset = new_offset;
304 zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset + f->io_size);
305 z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
307 if ((td->o.td_ddir != TD_DDIR_READ) &&
308 (f->file_offset + f->io_size != new_end)) {
309 if (new_end <= f->file_offset) {
310 log_info("%s: io_size must be at least one zone\n",
314 log_info("%s: rounded down io_size from %llu to %llu\n",
315 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) f->io_size,
316 (unsigned long long) new_end - f->file_offset);
317 f->io_size = new_end - f->file_offset;
320 f->min_zone = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset);
321 f->max_zone = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->file_offset + f->io_size);
322 assert(f->min_zone < f->max_zone);
329 static bool zbd_verify_bs(void)
331 struct thread_data *td;
337 for_each_file(td, f, j) {
340 zone_size = f->zbd_info->zone_size;
341 for (k = 0; k < ARRAY_SIZE(td->o.bs); k++) {
342 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
343 zone_size % td->o.bs[k] != 0) {
344 log_info("%s: block size %llu is not a divisor of the zone size %d\n",
345 f->file_name, td->o.bs[k],
355 static int ilog2(uint64_t i)
367 * Initialize f->zbd_info for devices that are not zoned block devices. This
368 * allows to execute a ZBD workload against a non-ZBD device.
370 static int init_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
373 struct fio_zone_info *p;
374 uint64_t zone_size = td->o.zone_size;
375 uint64_t zone_capacity = td->o.zone_capacity;
376 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info = NULL;
379 if (zone_size == 0) {
380 log_err("%s: Specifying the zone size is mandatory for regular block devices with --zonemode=zbd\n\n",
385 if (zone_size < 512) {
386 log_err("%s: zone size must be at least 512 bytes for --zonemode=zbd\n\n",
391 if (zone_capacity == 0)
392 zone_capacity = zone_size;
394 if (zone_capacity > zone_size) {
395 log_err("%s: job parameter zonecapacity %llu is larger than zone size %llu\n",
396 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_capacity,
397 (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_size);
401 nr_zones = (f->real_file_size + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
402 zbd_info = scalloc(1, sizeof(*zbd_info) +
403 (nr_zones + 1) * sizeof(zbd_info->zone_info[0]));
407 mutex_init_pshared(&zbd_info->mutex);
408 zbd_info->refcount = 1;
409 p = &zbd_info->zone_info[0];
410 for (i = 0; i < nr_zones; i++, p++) {
411 mutex_init_pshared_with_type(&p->mutex,
412 PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
413 p->start = i * zone_size;
415 p->type = ZBD_ZONE_TYPE_SWR;
416 p->cond = ZBD_ZONE_COND_EMPTY;
417 p->capacity = zone_capacity;
420 p->start = nr_zones * zone_size;
422 f->zbd_info = zbd_info;
423 f->zbd_info->zone_size = zone_size;
424 f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 = is_power_of_2(zone_size) ?
425 ilog2(zone_size) : 0;
426 f->zbd_info->nr_zones = nr_zones;
431 * Maximum number of zones to report in one operation.
433 #define ZBD_REPORT_MAX_ZONES 8192U
436 * Parse the device zone report and store it in f->zbd_info. Must be called
437 * only for devices that are zoned, namely those with a model != ZBD_NONE.
439 static int parse_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
442 struct zbd_zone *zones, *z;
443 struct fio_zone_info *p;
444 uint64_t zone_size, offset;
445 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info = NULL;
448 zones = calloc(ZBD_REPORT_MAX_ZONES, sizeof(struct zbd_zone));
452 nrz = zbd_report_zones(td, f, 0, zones, ZBD_REPORT_MAX_ZONES);
455 log_info("fio: report zones (offset 0) failed for %s (%d).\n",
460 zone_size = zones[0].len;
461 nr_zones = (f->real_file_size + zone_size - 1) / zone_size;
463 if (td->o.zone_size == 0) {
464 td->o.zone_size = zone_size;
465 } else if (td->o.zone_size != zone_size) {
466 log_err("fio: %s job parameter zonesize %llu does not match disk zone size %llu.\n",
467 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) td->o.zone_size,
468 (unsigned long long) zone_size);
473 dprint(FD_ZBD, "Device %s has %d zones of size %llu KB\n", f->file_name,
474 nr_zones, (unsigned long long) zone_size / 1024);
476 zbd_info = scalloc(1, sizeof(*zbd_info) +
477 (nr_zones + 1) * sizeof(zbd_info->zone_info[0]));
481 mutex_init_pshared(&zbd_info->mutex);
482 zbd_info->refcount = 1;
483 p = &zbd_info->zone_info[0];
484 for (offset = 0, j = 0; j < nr_zones;) {
486 for (i = 0; i < nrz; i++, j++, z++, p++) {
487 mutex_init_pshared_with_type(&p->mutex,
488 PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
490 p->capacity = z->capacity;
492 case ZBD_ZONE_COND_NOT_WP:
493 case ZBD_ZONE_COND_FULL:
494 p->wp = p->start + p->capacity;
497 assert(z->start <= z->wp);
498 assert(z->wp <= z->start + zone_size);
504 if (j > 0 && p->start != p[-1].start + zone_size) {
505 log_info("%s: invalid zone data\n",
512 offset = z->start + z->len;
515 nrz = zbd_report_zones(td, f, offset,
516 zones, ZBD_REPORT_MAX_ZONES);
519 log_info("fio: report zones (offset %llu) failed for %s (%d).\n",
520 (unsigned long long)offset,
527 zbd_info->zone_info[nr_zones].start = offset;
529 f->zbd_info = zbd_info;
530 f->zbd_info->zone_size = zone_size;
531 f->zbd_info->zone_size_log2 = is_power_of_2(zone_size) ?
532 ilog2(zone_size) : 0;
533 f->zbd_info->nr_zones = nr_zones;
544 * Allocate zone information and store it into f->zbd_info if zonemode=zbd.
546 * Returns 0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
548 static int zbd_create_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
550 enum zbd_zoned_model zbd_model;
553 assert(td->o.zone_mode == ZONE_MODE_ZBD);
555 ret = zbd_get_zoned_model(td, f, &zbd_model);
563 case ZBD_HOST_MANAGED:
564 ret = parse_zone_info(td, f);
567 ret = init_zone_info(td, f);
570 td_verror(td, EINVAL, "Unsupported zoned model");
571 log_err("Unsupported zoned model\n");
576 f->zbd_info->model = zbd_model;
577 f->zbd_info->max_open_zones = td->o.max_open_zones;
582 void zbd_free_zone_info(struct fio_file *f)
588 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
589 refcount = --f->zbd_info->refcount;
590 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
592 assert((int32_t)refcount >= 0);
599 * Initialize f->zbd_info.
601 * Returns 0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
603 * Note: this function can only work correctly if it is called before the first
606 static int zbd_init_zone_info(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *file)
608 struct thread_data *td2;
612 for_each_td(td2, i) {
613 for_each_file(td2, f2, j) {
614 if (td2 == td && f2 == file)
617 strcmp(f2->file_name, file->file_name) != 0)
619 file->zbd_info = f2->zbd_info;
620 file->zbd_info->refcount++;
625 ret = zbd_create_zone_info(td, file);
627 td_verror(td, -ret, "zbd_create_zone_info() failed");
631 int zbd_setup_files(struct thread_data *td)
636 for_each_file(td, f, i) {
637 if (zbd_init_zone_info(td, f))
641 if (!zbd_using_direct_io()) {
642 log_err("Using direct I/O is mandatory for writing to ZBD drives\n\n");
646 if (!zbd_verify_sizes())
649 if (!zbd_verify_bs())
652 for_each_file(td, f, i) {
653 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd = f->zbd_info;
658 zbd->max_open_zones = zbd->max_open_zones ?: ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES;
660 if (td->o.max_open_zones > 0 &&
661 zbd->max_open_zones != td->o.max_open_zones) {
662 log_err("Different 'max_open_zones' values\n");
665 if (zbd->max_open_zones > ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES) {
666 log_err("'max_open_zones' value is limited by %u\n", ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES);
674 static unsigned int zbd_zone_nr(struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info,
675 struct fio_zone_info *zone)
677 return zone - zbd_info->zone_info;
681 * zbd_reset_zone - reset the write pointer of a single zone
682 * @td: FIO thread data.
683 * @f: FIO file associated with the disk for which to reset a write pointer.
686 * Returns 0 upon success and a negative error code upon failure.
688 * The caller must hold z->mutex.
690 static int zbd_reset_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
691 struct fio_zone_info *z)
693 uint64_t offset = z->start;
694 uint64_t length = (z+1)->start - offset;
697 assert(is_valid_offset(f, offset + length - 1));
699 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting wp of zone %u.\n", f->file_name,
700 zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z));
701 switch (f->zbd_info->model) {
703 case ZBD_HOST_MANAGED:
704 ret = zbd_reset_wp(td, f, offset, length);
712 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
713 f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data -= z->wp - z->start;
714 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
718 td->ts.nr_zone_resets++;
723 /* The caller must hold f->zbd_info->mutex */
724 static void zbd_close_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
725 unsigned int open_zone_idx)
729 assert(open_zone_idx < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones);
730 zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[open_zone_idx];
731 memmove(f->zbd_info->open_zones + open_zone_idx,
732 f->zbd_info->open_zones + open_zone_idx + 1,
733 (ZBD_MAX_OPEN_ZONES - (open_zone_idx + 1)) *
734 sizeof(f->zbd_info->open_zones[0]));
735 f->zbd_info->num_open_zones--;
736 td->num_open_zones--;
737 f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx].open = 0;
741 * Reset a range of zones. Returns 0 upon success and 1 upon failure.
742 * @td: fio thread data.
743 * @f: fio file for which to reset zones
744 * @zb: first zone to reset.
745 * @ze: first zone not to reset.
746 * @all_zones: whether to reset all zones or only those zones for which the
747 * write pointer is not a multiple of td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE].
749 static int zbd_reset_zones(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f,
750 struct fio_zone_info *const zb,
751 struct fio_zone_info *const ze, bool all_zones)
753 struct fio_zone_info *z;
754 const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
760 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: examining zones %u .. %u\n", f->file_name,
761 zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, zb), zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, ze));
762 for (z = zb; z < ze; z++) {
763 uint32_t nz = z - f->zbd_info->zone_info;
765 if (!zbd_zone_swr(z))
771 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
772 for (i = 0; i < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones; i++) {
773 if (f->zbd_info->open_zones[i] == nz)
774 zbd_close_zone(td, f, i);
776 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
778 reset_wp = z->wp != z->start;
780 reset_wp = z->wp % min_bs != 0;
783 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: resetting zone %u\n",
785 zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z));
786 if (zbd_reset_zone(td, f, z) < 0)
789 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
796 * Reset zbd_info.write_cnt, the counter that counts down towards the next
799 static void _zbd_reset_write_cnt(const struct thread_data *td,
800 const struct fio_file *f)
802 assert(0 <= td->o.zrf.u.f && td->o.zrf.u.f <= 1);
804 f->zbd_info->write_cnt = td->o.zrf.u.f ?
805 min(1.0 / td->o.zrf.u.f, 0.0 + UINT_MAX) : UINT_MAX;
808 static void zbd_reset_write_cnt(const struct thread_data *td,
809 const struct fio_file *f)
811 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
812 _zbd_reset_write_cnt(td, f);
813 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
816 static bool zbd_dec_and_reset_write_cnt(const struct thread_data *td,
817 const struct fio_file *f)
819 uint32_t write_cnt = 0;
821 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
822 assert(f->zbd_info->write_cnt);
823 if (f->zbd_info->write_cnt)
824 write_cnt = --f->zbd_info->write_cnt;
826 _zbd_reset_write_cnt(td, f);
827 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
829 return write_cnt == 0;
837 /* Calculate the number of sectors with data (swd) and perform action 'a' */
838 static uint64_t zbd_process_swd(const struct fio_file *f, enum swd_action a)
840 struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze, *z;
843 zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[f->min_zone];
844 ze = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[f->max_zone];
845 for (z = zb; z < ze; z++) {
846 pthread_mutex_lock(&z->mutex);
847 swd += z->wp - z->start;
849 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
852 assert(f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data == swd);
855 f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data = swd;
858 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
859 for (z = zb; z < ze; z++)
860 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
866 * The swd check is useful for debugging but takes too much time to leave
867 * it enabled all the time. Hence it is disabled by default.
869 static const bool enable_check_swd = false;
871 /* Check whether the value of zbd_info.sectors_with_data is correct. */
872 static void zbd_check_swd(const struct fio_file *f)
874 if (!enable_check_swd)
877 zbd_process_swd(f, CHECK_SWD);
880 static void zbd_init_swd(struct fio_file *f)
884 if (!enable_check_swd)
887 swd = zbd_process_swd(f, SET_SWD);
888 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): swd = %" PRIu64 "\n", __func__, f->file_name,
892 void zbd_file_reset(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
894 struct fio_zone_info *zb, *ze;
896 if (!f->zbd_info || !td_write(td))
899 zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[f->min_zone];
900 ze = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[f->max_zone];
903 * If data verification is enabled reset the affected zones before
904 * writing any data to avoid that a zone reset has to be issued while
905 * writing data, which causes data loss.
907 zbd_reset_zones(td, f, zb, ze, td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE &&
908 td->runstate != TD_VERIFYING);
909 zbd_reset_write_cnt(td, f);
912 /* The caller must hold f->zbd_info->mutex. */
913 static bool is_zone_open(const struct thread_data *td, const struct fio_file *f,
914 unsigned int zone_idx)
916 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbdi = f->zbd_info;
919 assert(td->o.job_max_open_zones == 0 || td->num_open_zones <= td->o.job_max_open_zones);
920 assert(td->o.job_max_open_zones <= zbdi->max_open_zones);
921 assert(zbdi->num_open_zones <= zbdi->max_open_zones);
923 for (i = 0; i < zbdi->num_open_zones; i++)
924 if (zbdi->open_zones[i] == zone_idx)
931 * Open a ZBD zone if it was not yet open. Returns true if either the zone was
932 * already open or if opening a new zone is allowed. Returns false if the zone
933 * was not yet open and opening a new zone would cause the zone limit to be
936 static bool zbd_open_zone(struct thread_data *td, const struct io_u *io_u,
939 const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
940 const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
941 struct fio_zone_info *z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
944 if (z->cond == ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE)
948 * Skip full zones with data verification enabled because resetting a
949 * zone causes data loss and hence causes verification to fail.
951 if (td->o.verify != VERIFY_NONE && zbd_zone_full(f, z, min_bs))
954 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
955 if (is_zone_open(td, f, zone_idx))
958 /* Zero means no limit */
959 if (td->o.job_max_open_zones > 0 &&
960 td->num_open_zones >= td->o.job_max_open_zones)
962 if (f->zbd_info->num_open_zones >= f->zbd_info->max_open_zones)
964 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: opening zone %d\n", f->file_name, zone_idx);
965 f->zbd_info->open_zones[f->zbd_info->num_open_zones++] = zone_idx;
966 td->num_open_zones++;
971 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
975 /* Anything goes as long as it is not a constant. */
976 static uint32_t pick_random_zone_idx(const struct fio_file *f,
977 const struct io_u *io_u)
979 return io_u->offset * f->zbd_info->num_open_zones / f->real_file_size;
983 * Modify the offset of an I/O unit that does not refer to an open zone such
984 * that it refers to an open zone. Close an open zone and open a new zone if
985 * necessary. This algorithm can only work correctly if all write pointers are
986 * a multiple of the fio block size. The caller must neither hold z->mutex
987 * nor f->zbd_info->mutex. Returns with z->mutex held upon success.
989 static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_convert_to_open_zone(struct thread_data *td,
992 const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[io_u->ddir];
993 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
994 struct fio_zone_info *z;
995 unsigned int open_zone_idx = -1;
996 uint32_t zone_idx, new_zone_idx;
999 assert(is_valid_offset(f, io_u->offset));
1001 if (td->o.max_open_zones || td->o.job_max_open_zones) {
1003 * This statement accesses f->zbd_info->open_zones[] on purpose
1006 zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[pick_random_zone_idx(f, io_u)];
1008 zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
1010 if (zone_idx < f->min_zone)
1011 zone_idx = f->min_zone;
1012 else if (zone_idx >= f->max_zone)
1013 zone_idx = f->max_zone - 1;
1014 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): starting from zone %d (offset %lld, buflen %lld)\n",
1015 __func__, f->file_name, zone_idx, io_u->offset, io_u->buflen);
1018 * Since z->mutex is the outer lock and f->zbd_info->mutex the inner
1019 * lock it can happen that the state of the zone with index zone_idx
1020 * has changed after 'z' has been assigned and before f->zbd_info->mutex
1021 * has been obtained. Hence the loop.
1026 z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
1028 zone_lock(td, f, z);
1029 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1030 if (td->o.max_open_zones == 0 && td->o.job_max_open_zones == 0)
1032 if (f->zbd_info->num_open_zones == 0) {
1033 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1034 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1035 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): no zones are open\n",
1036 __func__, f->file_name);
1041 * List of opened zones is per-device, shared across all threads.
1042 * Start with quasi-random candidate zone.
1043 * Ignore zones which don't belong to thread's offset/size area.
1045 open_zone_idx = pick_random_zone_idx(f, io_u);
1046 assert(open_zone_idx < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones);
1047 tmp_idx = open_zone_idx;
1048 for (i = 0; i < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones; i++) {
1051 if (tmp_idx >= f->zbd_info->num_open_zones)
1053 tmpz = f->zbd_info->open_zones[tmp_idx];
1054 if (f->min_zone <= tmpz && tmpz < f->max_zone) {
1055 open_zone_idx = tmp_idx;
1056 goto found_candidate_zone;
1062 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): no candidate zone\n",
1063 __func__, f->file_name);
1064 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1065 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1068 found_candidate_zone:
1069 new_zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[open_zone_idx];
1070 if (new_zone_idx == zone_idx)
1072 zone_idx = new_zone_idx;
1073 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1074 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1077 /* Both z->mutex and f->zbd_info->mutex are held. */
1080 if (z->wp + min_bs <= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z)) {
1081 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1084 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): closing zone %d\n", __func__, f->file_name,
1086 if (td->o.max_open_zones || td->o.job_max_open_zones)
1087 zbd_close_zone(td, f, open_zone_idx);
1088 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1090 /* Only z->mutex is held. */
1092 /* Zone 'z' is full, so try to open a new zone. */
1093 for (i = f->io_size / f->zbd_info->zone_size; i > 0; i--) {
1095 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1097 if (!is_valid_offset(f, z->start)) {
1099 zone_idx = f->min_zone;
1100 z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
1102 assert(is_valid_offset(f, z->start));
1103 zone_lock(td, f, z);
1106 if (zbd_open_zone(td, io_u, zone_idx))
1110 /* Only z->mutex is held. */
1112 /* Check whether the write fits in any of the already opened zones. */
1113 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1114 for (i = 0; i < f->zbd_info->num_open_zones; i++) {
1115 zone_idx = f->zbd_info->open_zones[i];
1116 if (zone_idx < f->min_zone || zone_idx >= f->max_zone)
1118 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1119 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1121 z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
1123 zone_lock(td, f, z);
1124 if (z->wp + min_bs <= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z))
1126 pthread_mutex_lock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1128 pthread_mutex_unlock(&f->zbd_info->mutex);
1129 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1130 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): did not open another zone\n", __func__,
1135 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s(%s): returning zone %d\n", __func__, f->file_name,
1137 io_u->offset = z->start;
1141 /* The caller must hold z->mutex. */
1142 static struct fio_zone_info *zbd_replay_write_order(struct thread_data *td,
1144 struct fio_zone_info *z)
1146 const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
1147 const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[DDIR_WRITE];
1149 if (!zbd_open_zone(td, io_u, z - f->zbd_info->zone_info)) {
1150 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1151 z = zbd_convert_to_open_zone(td, io_u);
1155 if (z->verify_block * min_bs >= z->capacity)
1156 log_err("%s: %d * %d >= %llu\n", f->file_name, z->verify_block,
1157 min_bs, (unsigned long long)z->capacity);
1158 io_u->offset = z->start + z->verify_block++ * min_bs;
1163 * Find another zone for which @io_u fits below the write pointer. Start
1164 * searching in zones @zb + 1 .. @zl and continue searching in zones
1167 * Either returns NULL or returns a zone pointer and holds the mutex for that
1170 static struct fio_zone_info *
1171 zbd_find_zone(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u,
1172 struct fio_zone_info *zb, struct fio_zone_info *zl)
1174 const uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[io_u->ddir];
1175 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
1176 struct fio_zone_info *z1, *z2;
1177 const struct fio_zone_info *const zf =
1178 &f->zbd_info->zone_info[f->min_zone];
1181 * Skip to the next non-empty zone in case of sequential I/O and to
1182 * the nearest non-empty zone in case of random I/O.
1184 for (z1 = zb + 1, z2 = zb - 1; z1 < zl || z2 >= zf; z1++, z2--) {
1185 if (z1 < zl && z1->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE) {
1186 zone_lock(td, f, z1);
1187 if (z1->start + min_bs <= z1->wp)
1189 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z1->mutex);
1190 } else if (!td_random(td)) {
1193 if (td_random(td) && z2 >= zf &&
1194 z2->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE) {
1195 zone_lock(td, f, z2);
1196 if (z2->start + min_bs <= z2->wp)
1198 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z2->mutex);
1201 dprint(FD_ZBD, "%s: adjusting random read offset failed\n",
1207 * zbd_queue_io - update the write pointer of a sequential zone
1209 * @success: Whether or not the I/O unit has been queued successfully
1210 * @q: queueing status (busy, completed or queued).
1212 * For write and trim operations, update the write pointer of the I/O unit
1215 static void zbd_queue_io(struct io_u *io_u, int q, bool success)
1217 const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
1218 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info = f->zbd_info;
1219 struct fio_zone_info *z;
1226 zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
1227 assert(zone_idx < zbd_info->nr_zones);
1228 z = &zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
1230 if (!zbd_zone_swr(z))
1237 "%s: queued I/O (%lld, %llu) for zone %u\n",
1238 f->file_name, io_u->offset, io_u->buflen, zone_idx);
1240 switch (io_u->ddir) {
1242 zone_end = min((uint64_t)(io_u->offset + io_u->buflen),
1243 zbd_zone_capacity_end(z));
1244 pthread_mutex_lock(&zbd_info->mutex);
1246 * z->wp > zone_end means that one or more I/O errors
1249 if (z->wp <= zone_end)
1250 zbd_info->sectors_with_data += zone_end - z->wp;
1251 pthread_mutex_unlock(&zbd_info->mutex);
1255 assert(z->wp == z->start);
1262 if (!success || q != FIO_Q_QUEUED) {
1263 /* BUSY or COMPLETED: unlock the zone */
1264 pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1265 io_u->zbd_put_io = NULL;
1270 * zbd_put_io - Unlock an I/O unit target zone lock
1273 static void zbd_put_io(const struct io_u *io_u)
1275 const struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
1276 struct zoned_block_device_info *zbd_info = f->zbd_info;
1277 struct fio_zone_info *z;
1284 zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
1285 assert(zone_idx < zbd_info->nr_zones);
1286 z = &zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
1288 if (!zbd_zone_swr(z))
1292 "%s: terminate I/O (%lld, %llu) for zone %u\n",
1293 f->file_name, io_u->offset, io_u->buflen, zone_idx);
1295 ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&z->mutex);
1301 * Windows and MacOS do not define this.
1304 #define EREMOTEIO 121 /* POSIX value */
1307 bool zbd_unaligned_write(int error_code)
1309 switch (error_code) {
1318 * setup_zbd_zone_mode - handle zoneskip as necessary for ZBD drives
1319 * @td: FIO thread data.
1320 * @io_u: FIO I/O unit.
1322 * For sequential workloads, change the file offset to skip zoneskip bytes when
1323 * no more IO can be performed in the current zone.
1324 * - For read workloads, zoneskip is applied when the io has reached the end of
1325 * the zone or the zone write position (when td->o.read_beyond_wp is false).
1326 * - For write workloads, zoneskip is applied when the zone is full.
1327 * This applies only to read and write operations.
1329 void setup_zbd_zone_mode(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
1331 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
1332 enum fio_ddir ddir = io_u->ddir;
1333 struct fio_zone_info *z;
1336 assert(td->o.zone_mode == ZONE_MODE_ZBD);
1337 assert(td->o.zone_size);
1339 zone_idx = zbd_zone_idx(f, f->last_pos[ddir]);
1340 z = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx];
1343 * When the zone capacity is smaller than the zone size and the I/O is
1344 * sequential write, skip to zone end if the latest position is at the
1345 * zone capacity limit.
1347 if (z->capacity < f->zbd_info->zone_size && !td_random(td) &&
1348 ddir == DDIR_WRITE &&
1349 f->last_pos[ddir] >= zbd_zone_capacity_end(z)) {
1351 "%s: Jump from zone capacity limit to zone end:"
1352 " (%llu -> %llu) for zone %u (%llu)\n",
1353 f->file_name, (unsigned long long) f->last_pos[ddir],
1354 (unsigned long long) zbd_zone_end(z),
1355 zbd_zone_nr(f->zbd_info, z),
1356 (unsigned long long) z->capacity);
1357 td->io_skip_bytes += zbd_zone_end(z) - f->last_pos[ddir];
1358 f->last_pos[ddir] = zbd_zone_end(z);
1362 * zone_skip is valid only for sequential workloads.
1364 if (td_random(td) || !td->o.zone_skip)
1368 * It is time to switch to a new zone if:
1369 * - zone_bytes == zone_size bytes have already been accessed
1370 * - The last position reached the end of the current zone.
1371 * - For reads with td->o.read_beyond_wp == false, the last position
1372 * reached the zone write pointer.
1374 if (td->zone_bytes >= td->o.zone_size ||
1375 f->last_pos[ddir] >= zbd_zone_end(z) ||
1376 (ddir == DDIR_READ &&
1377 (!td->o.read_beyond_wp) && f->last_pos[ddir] >= z->wp)) {
1382 f->file_offset += td->o.zone_size + td->o.zone_skip;
1385 * Wrap from the beginning, if we exceed the file size
1387 if (f->file_offset >= f->real_file_size)
1388 f->file_offset = get_start_offset(td, f);
1390 f->last_pos[ddir] = f->file_offset;
1391 td->io_skip_bytes += td->o.zone_skip;
1396 * zbd_adjust_ddir - Adjust an I/O direction for zonemode=zbd.
1398 * @td: FIO thread data.
1399 * @io_u: FIO I/O unit.
1400 * @ddir: I/O direction before adjustment.
1402 * Return adjusted I/O direction.
1404 enum fio_ddir zbd_adjust_ddir(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u,
1408 * In case read direction is chosen for the first random I/O, fio with
1409 * zonemode=zbd stops because no data can be read from zoned block
1410 * devices with all empty zones. Overwrite the first I/O direction as
1411 * write to make sure data to read exists.
1413 if (ddir != DDIR_READ || !td_rw(td))
1416 if (io_u->file->zbd_info->sectors_with_data ||
1417 td->o.read_beyond_wp)
1424 * zbd_adjust_block - adjust the offset and length as necessary for ZBD drives
1425 * @td: FIO thread data.
1426 * @io_u: FIO I/O unit.
1428 * Locking strategy: returns with z->mutex locked if and only if z refers
1429 * to a sequential zone and if io_u_accept is returned. z is the zone that
1430 * corresponds to io_u->offset at the end of this function.
1432 enum io_u_action zbd_adjust_block(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
1434 struct fio_file *f = io_u->file;
1435 uint32_t zone_idx_b;
1436 struct fio_zone_info *zb, *zl, *orig_zb;
1437 uint32_t orig_len = io_u->buflen;
1438 uint32_t min_bs = td->o.min_bs[io_u->ddir];
1446 assert(is_valid_offset(f, io_u->offset));
1447 assert(io_u->buflen);
1448 zone_idx_b = zbd_zone_idx(f, io_u->offset);
1449 zb = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[zone_idx_b];
1452 /* Accept the I/O offset for conventional zones. */
1453 if (!zbd_zone_swr(zb))
1457 * Accept the I/O offset for reads if reading beyond the write pointer
1460 if (zb->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE &&
1461 io_u->ddir == DDIR_READ && td->o.read_beyond_wp)
1466 zone_lock(td, f, zb);
1468 switch (io_u->ddir) {
1470 if (td->runstate == TD_VERIFYING) {
1472 zb = zbd_replay_write_order(td, io_u, zb);
1476 * Check that there is enough written data in the zone to do an
1477 * I/O of at least min_bs B. If there isn't, find a new zone for
1480 range = zb->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE ?
1481 zb->wp - zb->start : 0;
1482 if (range < min_bs ||
1483 ((!td_random(td)) && (io_u->offset + min_bs > zb->wp))) {
1484 pthread_mutex_unlock(&zb->mutex);
1485 zl = &f->zbd_info->zone_info[f->max_zone];
1486 zb = zbd_find_zone(td, io_u, zb, zl);
1489 "%s: zbd_find_zone(%lld, %llu) failed\n",
1490 f->file_name, io_u->offset,
1495 * zbd_find_zone() returned a zone with a range of at
1498 range = zb->wp - zb->start;
1499 assert(range >= min_bs);
1502 io_u->offset = zb->start;
1505 * Make sure the I/O is within the zone valid data range while
1506 * maximizing the I/O size and preserving randomness.
1508 if (range <= io_u->buflen)
1509 io_u->offset = zb->start;
1510 else if (td_random(td))
1511 io_u->offset = zb->start +
1512 ((io_u->offset - orig_zb->start) %
1513 (range - io_u->buflen)) / min_bs * min_bs;
1515 * Make sure the I/O does not cross over the zone wp position.
1517 new_len = min((unsigned long long)io_u->buflen,
1518 (unsigned long long)(zb->wp - io_u->offset));
1519 new_len = new_len / min_bs * min_bs;
1520 if (new_len < io_u->buflen) {
1521 io_u->buflen = new_len;
1522 dprint(FD_IO, "Changed length from %u into %llu\n",
1523 orig_len, io_u->buflen);
1525 assert(zb->start <= io_u->offset);
1526 assert(io_u->offset + io_u->buflen <= zb->wp);
1529 if (io_u->buflen > f->zbd_info->zone_size)
1531 if (!zbd_open_zone(td, io_u, zone_idx_b)) {
1532 pthread_mutex_unlock(&zb->mutex);
1533 zb = zbd_convert_to_open_zone(td, io_u);
1536 zone_idx_b = zb - f->zbd_info->zone_info;
1538 /* Check whether the zone reset threshold has been exceeded */
1539 if (td->o.zrf.u.f) {
1540 if (f->zbd_info->sectors_with_data >=
1541 f->io_size * td->o.zrt.u.f &&
1542 zbd_dec_and_reset_write_cnt(td, f)) {
1546 /* Reset the zone pointer if necessary */
1547 if (zb->reset_zone || zbd_zone_full(f, zb, min_bs)) {
1548 assert(td->o.verify == VERIFY_NONE);
1550 * Since previous write requests may have been submitted
1551 * asynchronously and since we will submit the zone
1552 * reset synchronously, wait until previously submitted
1553 * write requests have completed before issuing a
1558 if (zbd_reset_zone(td, f, zb) < 0)
1561 if (zb->capacity < min_bs) {
1562 log_err("zone capacity %llu smaller than minimum block size %d\n",
1563 (unsigned long long)zb->capacity,
1568 /* Make writes occur at the write pointer */
1569 assert(!zbd_zone_full(f, zb, min_bs));
1570 io_u->offset = zb->wp;
1571 if (!is_valid_offset(f, io_u->offset)) {
1572 dprint(FD_ZBD, "Dropped request with offset %llu\n",
1577 * Make sure that the buflen is a multiple of the minimal
1578 * block size. Give up if shrinking would make the request too
1581 new_len = min((unsigned long long)io_u->buflen,
1582 zbd_zone_capacity_end(zb) - io_u->offset);
1583 new_len = new_len / min_bs * min_bs;
1584 if (new_len == io_u->buflen)
1586 if (new_len >= min_bs) {
1587 io_u->buflen = new_len;
1588 dprint(FD_IO, "Changed length from %u into %llu\n",
1589 orig_len, io_u->buflen);
1592 log_err("Zone remainder %lld smaller than minimum block size %d\n",
1593 (zbd_zone_capacity_end(zb) - io_u->offset),
1600 case DDIR_SYNC_FILE_RANGE:
1611 assert(zb->cond != ZBD_ZONE_COND_OFFLINE);
1612 assert(!io_u->zbd_queue_io);
1613 assert(!io_u->zbd_put_io);
1614 io_u->zbd_queue_io = zbd_queue_io;
1615 io_u->zbd_put_io = zbd_put_io;
1620 pthread_mutex_unlock(&zb->mutex);
1624 /* Return a string with ZBD statistics */
1625 char *zbd_write_status(const struct thread_stat *ts)
1629 if (asprintf(&res, "; %llu zone resets", (unsigned long long) ts->nr_zone_resets) < 0)