tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2 #include <stdio.h>
   3 #include "evsel.h"
   4 #include "stat.h"
   5 #include "color.h"
   6 #include "pmu.h"
   7 #include "rblist.h"
   8 #include "evlist.h"
   9 #include "expr.h"
  10 #include "metricgroup.h"
  11 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
  12
  13 /*
  14  * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
  15  * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
  16  * AGGR_DIE: Use first CPU of die
  17  * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
  18  * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
  19  * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
  20  */
  21 static bool have_frontend_stalled;
  22
  23 struct runtime_stat rt_stat;
  24 struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
  25
  26 struct saved_value {
  27         struct rb_node rb_node;
  28         struct evsel *evsel;
  29         enum stat_type type;
  30         int ctx;
  31         int cpu;
  32         struct runtime_stat *stat;
  33         struct stats stats;
  34         u64 metric_total;
  35         int metric_other;
  36 };
  37
  38 static int saved_value_cmp(struct rb_node *rb_node, const void *entry)
  39 {
  40         struct saved_value *a = container_of(rb_node,
  41                                              struct saved_value,
  42                                              rb_node);
  43         const struct saved_value *b = entry;
  44
  45         if (a->cpu != b->cpu)
  46                 return a->cpu - b->cpu;
  47
  48         /*
  49          * Previously the rbtree was used to link generic metrics.
  50          * The keys were evsel/cpu. Now the rbtree is extended to support
  51          * per-thread shadow stats. For shadow stats case, the keys
  52          * are cpu/type/ctx/stat (evsel is NULL). For generic metrics
  53          * case, the keys are still evsel/cpu (type/ctx/stat are 0 or NULL).
  54          */
  55         if (a->type != b->type)
  56                 return a->type - b->type;
  57
  58         if (a->ctx != b->ctx)
  59                 return a->ctx - b->ctx;
  60
  61         if (a->evsel == NULL && b->evsel == NULL) {
  62                 if (a->stat == b->stat)
  63                         return 0;
  64
  65                 if ((char *)a->stat < (char *)b->stat)
  66                         return -1;
  67
  68                 return 1;
  69         }
  70
  71         if (a->evsel == b->evsel)
  72                 return 0;
  73         if ((char *)a->evsel < (char *)b->evsel)
  74                 return -1;
  75         return +1;
  76 }
  77
  78 static struct rb_node *saved_value_new(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
  79                                      const void *entry)
  80 {
  81         struct saved_value *nd = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_value));
  82
  83         if (!nd)
  84                 return NULL;
  85         memcpy(nd, entry, sizeof(struct saved_value));
  86         return &nd->rb_node;
  87 }
  88
  89 static void saved_value_delete(struct rblist *rblist __maybe_unused,
  90                                struct rb_node *rb_node)
  91 {
  92         struct saved_value *v;
  93
  94         BUG_ON(!rb_node);
  95         v = container_of(rb_node, struct saved_value, rb_node);
  96         free(v);
  97 }
  98
  99 static struct saved_value *saved_value_lookup(struct evsel *evsel,
 100                                               int cpu,
 101                                               bool create,
 102                                               enum stat_type type,
 103                                               int ctx,
 104                                               struct runtime_stat *st)
 105 {
 106         struct rblist *rblist;
 107         struct rb_node *nd;
 108         struct saved_value dm = {
 109                 .cpu = cpu,
 110                 .evsel = evsel,
 111                 .type = type,
 112                 .ctx = ctx,
 113                 .stat = st,
 114         };
 115
 116         rblist = &st->value_list;
 117
 118         nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
 119         if (nd)
 120                 return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 121         if (create) {
 122                 rblist__add_node(rblist, &dm);
 123                 nd = rblist__find(rblist, &dm);
 124                 if (nd)
 125                         return container_of(nd, struct saved_value, rb_node);
 126         }
 127         return NULL;
 128 }
 129
 130 void runtime_stat__init(struct runtime_stat *st)
 131 {
 132         struct rblist *rblist = &st->value_list;
 133
 134         rblist__init(rblist);
 135         rblist->node_cmp = saved_value_cmp;
 136         rblist->node_new = saved_value_new;
 137         rblist->node_delete = saved_value_delete;
 138 }
 139
 140 void runtime_stat__exit(struct runtime_stat *st)
 141 {
 142         rblist__exit(&st->value_list);
 143 }
 144
 145 void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
 146 {
 147         have_frontend_stalled = pmu_have_event("cpu", "stalled-cycles-frontend");
 148         runtime_stat__init(&rt_stat);
 149 }
 150
 151 static int evsel_context(struct evsel *evsel)
 152 {
 153         int ctx = 0;
 154
 155         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
 156                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
 157         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_user)
 158                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
 159         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv)
 160                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
 161         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_host)
 162                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
 163         if (evsel->core.attr.exclude_idle)
 164                 ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
 165
 166         return ctx;
 167 }
 168
 169 static void reset_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
 170 {
 171         struct rblist *rblist;
 172         struct rb_node *pos, *next;
 173
 174         rblist = &st->value_list;
 175         next = rb_first_cached(&rblist->entries);
 176         while (next) {
 177                 pos = next;
 178                 next = rb_next(pos);
 179                 memset(&container_of(pos, struct saved_value, rb_node)->stats,
 180                        0,
 181                        sizeof(struct stats));
 182         }
 183 }
 184
 185 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
 186 {
 187         reset_stat(&rt_stat);
 188         memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
 189 }
 190
 191 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_per_stat(struct runtime_stat *st)
 192 {
 193         reset_stat(st);
 194 }
 195
 196 static void update_runtime_stat(struct runtime_stat *st,
 197                                 enum stat_type type,
 198                                 int ctx, int cpu, u64 count)
 199 {
 200         struct saved_value *v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, true,
 201                                                    type, ctx, st);
 202
 203         if (v)
 204                 update_stats(&v->stats, count);
 205 }
 206
 207 /*
 208  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
 209  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
 210  * instruction rates, etc:
 211  */
 212 void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct evsel *counter, u64 count,
 213                                     int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 214 {
 215         int ctx = evsel_context(counter);
 216         u64 count_ns = count;
 217         struct saved_value *v;
 218
 219         count *= counter->scale;
 220
 221         if (perf_evsel__is_clock(counter))
 222                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu, count_ns);
 223         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
 224                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu, count);
 225         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
 226                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu, count);
 227         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
 228                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TRANSACTION, ctx, cpu, count);
 229         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
 230                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ELISION, ctx, cpu, count);
 231         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
 232                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS,
 233                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 234         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
 235                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED,
 236                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 237         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
 238                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
 239                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 240         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
 241                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
 242                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 243         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
 244                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES,
 245                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 246         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
 247                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
 248                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 249         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
 250                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
 251                                     ctx, cpu, count);
 252         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
 253                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu, count);
 254         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
 255                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu, count);
 256         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
 257                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 258         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
 259                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 260         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
 261                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 262         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
 263                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 264         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
 265                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu, count);
 266         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, SMI_NUM))
 267                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, ctx, cpu, count);
 268         else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, APERF))
 269                 update_runtime_stat(st, STAT_APERF, ctx, cpu, count);
 270
 271         if (counter->collect_stat) {
 272                 v = saved_value_lookup(counter, cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st);
 273                 update_stats(&v->stats, count);
 274                 if (counter->metric_leader)
 275                         v->metric_total += count;
 276         } else if (counter->metric_leader) {
 277                 v = saved_value_lookup(counter->metric_leader,
 278                                        cpu, true, STAT_NONE, 0, st);
 279                 v->metric_total += count;
 280                 v->metric_other++;
 281         }
 282 }
 283
 284 /* used for get_ratio_color() */
 285 enum grc_type {
 286         GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
 287         GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
 288         GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
 289         GRC_MAX_NR
 290 };
 291
 292 static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
 293 {
 294         static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
 295                 [GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
 296                 [GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
 297                 [GRC_CACHE_MISSES]      = { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
 298         };
 299         const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
 300
 301         if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
 302                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 303         else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
 304                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
 305         else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
 306                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
 307
 308         return color;
 309 }
 310
 311 static struct evsel *perf_stat__find_event(struct evlist *evsel_list,
 312                                                 const char *name)
 313 {
 314         struct evsel *c2;
 315
 316         evlist__for_each_entry (evsel_list, c2) {
 317                 if (!strcasecmp(c2->name, name) && !c2->collect_stat)
 318                         return c2;
 319         }
 320         return NULL;
 321 }
 322
 323 /* Mark MetricExpr target events and link events using them to them. */
 324 void perf_stat__collect_metric_expr(struct evlist *evsel_list)
 325 {
 326         struct evsel *counter, *leader, **metric_events, *oc;
 327         bool found;
 328         const char **metric_names;
 329         int i;
 330         int num_metric_names;
 331
 332         evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
 333                 bool invalid = false;
 334
 335                 leader = counter->leader;
 336                 if (!counter->metric_expr)
 337                         continue;
 338                 metric_events = counter->metric_events;
 339                 if (!metric_events) {
 340                         if (expr__find_other(counter->metric_expr, counter->name,
 341                                                 &metric_names, &num_metric_names) < 0)
 342                                 continue;
 343
 344                         metric_events = calloc(sizeof(struct evsel *),
 345                                                num_metric_names + 1);
 346                         if (!metric_events)
 347                                 return;
 348                         counter->metric_events = metric_events;
 349                 }
 350
 351                 for (i = 0; i < num_metric_names; i++) {
 352                         found = false;
 353                         if (leader) {
 354                                 /* Search in group */
 355                                 for_each_group_member (oc, leader) {
 356                                         if (!strcasecmp(oc->name, metric_names[i]) &&
 357                                                 !oc->collect_stat) {
 358                                                 found = true;
 359                                                 break;
 360                                         }
 361                                 }
 362                         }
 363                         if (!found) {
 364                                 /* Search ignoring groups */
 365                                 oc = perf_stat__find_event(evsel_list, metric_names[i]);
 366                         }
 367                         if (!oc) {
 368                                 /* Deduping one is good enough to handle duplicated PMUs. */
 369                                 static char *printed;
 370
 371                                 /*
 372                                  * Adding events automatically would be difficult, because
 373                                  * it would risk creating groups that are not schedulable.
 374                                  * perf stat doesn't understand all the scheduling constraints
 375                                  * of events. So we ask the user instead to add the missing
 376                                  * events.
 377                                  */
 378                                 if (!printed || strcasecmp(printed, metric_names[i])) {
 379                                         fprintf(stderr,
 380                                                 "Add %s event to groups to get metric expression for %s\n",
 381                                                 metric_names[i],
 382                                                 counter->name);
 383                                         printed = strdup(metric_names[i]);
 384                                 }
 385                                 invalid = true;
 386                                 continue;
 387                         }
 388                         metric_events[i] = oc;
 389                         oc->collect_stat = true;
 390                 }
 391                 metric_events[i] = NULL;
 392                 free(metric_names);
 393                 if (invalid) {
 394                         free(metric_events);
 395                         counter->metric_events = NULL;
 396                         counter->metric_expr = NULL;
 397                 }
 398         }
 399 }
 400
 401 static double runtime_stat_avg(struct runtime_stat *st,
 402                                enum stat_type type, int ctx, int cpu)
 403 {
 404         struct saved_value *v;
 405
 406         v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, ctx, st);
 407         if (!v)
 408                 return 0.0;
 409
 410         return avg_stats(&v->stats);
 411 }
 412
 413 static double runtime_stat_n(struct runtime_stat *st,
 414                              enum stat_type type, int ctx, int cpu)
 415 {
 416         struct saved_value *v;
 417
 418         v = saved_value_lookup(NULL, cpu, false, type, ctx, st);
 419         if (!v)
 420                 return 0.0;
 421
 422         return v->stats.n;
 423 }
 424
 425 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 426                                           int cpu,
 427                                           struct evsel *evsel, double avg,
 428                                           struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 429                                           struct runtime_stat *st)
 430 {
 431         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 432         const char *color;
 433         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 434
 435         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 436
 437         if (total)
 438                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 439
 440         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
 441
 442         if (ratio)
 443                 out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
 444                                   ratio);
 445         else
 446                 out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
 447 }
 448
 449 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 450                                          int cpu,
 451                                          struct evsel *evsel, double avg,
 452                                          struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 453                                          struct runtime_stat *st)
 454 {
 455         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 456         const char *color;
 457         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 458
 459         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 460
 461         if (total)
 462                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 463
 464         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
 465
 466         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
 467 }
 468
 469 static void print_branch_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 470                                 int cpu,
 471                                 struct evsel *evsel,
 472                                 double avg,
 473                                 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 474                                 struct runtime_stat *st)
 475 {
 476         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 477         const char *color;
 478         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 479
 480         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu);
 481
 482         if (total)
 483                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 484
 485         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 486
 487         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
 488 }
 489
 490 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 491                                    int cpu,
 492                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 493                                    double avg,
 494                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 495                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 496
 497 {
 498         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 499         const char *color;
 500         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 501
 502         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu);
 503
 504         if (total)
 505                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 506
 507         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 508
 509         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache hits", ratio);
 510 }
 511
 512 static void print_l1_icache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 513                                    int cpu,
 514                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 515                                    double avg,
 516                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 517                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 518
 519 {
 520         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 521         const char *color;
 522         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 523
 524         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu);
 525
 526         if (total)
 527                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 528
 529         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 530         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache hits", ratio);
 531 }
 532
 533 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 534                                     int cpu,
 535                                     struct evsel *evsel,
 536                                     double avg,
 537                                     struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 538                                     struct runtime_stat *st)
 539 {
 540         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 541         const char *color;
 542         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 543
 544         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
 545
 546         if (total)
 547                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 548
 549         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 550         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache hits", ratio);
 551 }
 552
 553 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 554                                     int cpu,
 555                                     struct evsel *evsel,
 556                                     double avg,
 557                                     struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 558                                     struct runtime_stat *st)
 559 {
 560         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 561         const char *color;
 562         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 563
 564         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
 565
 566         if (total)
 567                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 568
 569         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 570         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache hits", ratio);
 571 }
 572
 573 static void print_ll_cache_misses(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 574                                   int cpu,
 575                                   struct evsel *evsel,
 576                                   double avg,
 577                                   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 578                                   struct runtime_stat *st)
 579 {
 580         double total, ratio = 0.0;
 581         const char *color;
 582         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 583
 584         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu);
 585
 586         if (total)
 587                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
 588
 589         color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
 590         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache hits", ratio);
 591 }
 592
 593 /*
 594  * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
 595  *
 596  * Basic concept following
 597  * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
 598  * ISPASS14
 599  *
 600  * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
 601  *
 602  * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
 603  * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
 604  * (for example branch mispredictions)
 605  * Frontend is instruction decoding.
 606  * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
 607  * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
 608  *
 609  * The formulas are computed in slots.
 610  * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
 611  * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
 612  *
 613  * Formulas:
 614  * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
 615  *                      TotalSlots
 616  * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
 617  * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
 618  * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
 619  *
 620  * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
 621  * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
 622  *
 623  * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
 624  *
 625  * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
 626  *
 627  * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
 628  * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
 629  *
 630  * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
 631  * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
 632  * support Level 1 TopDown.
 633  */
 634
 635 static double sanitize_val(double x)
 636 {
 637         if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
 638                 return 0.0;
 639         return x;
 640 }
 641
 642 static double td_total_slots(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 643 {
 644         return runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS, ctx, cpu);
 645 }
 646
 647 static double td_bad_spec(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 648 {
 649         double bad_spec = 0;
 650         double total_slots;
 651         double total;
 652
 653         total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED, ctx, cpu) -
 654                 runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED, ctx, cpu) +
 655                 runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES, ctx, cpu);
 656
 657         total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
 658         if (total_slots)
 659                 bad_spec = total / total_slots;
 660         return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
 661 }
 662
 663 static double td_retiring(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 664 {
 665         double retiring = 0;
 666         double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
 667         double ret_slots = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED,
 668                                             ctx, cpu);
 669
 670         if (total_slots)
 671                 retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
 672         return retiring;
 673 }
 674
 675 static double td_fe_bound(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 676 {
 677         double fe_bound = 0;
 678         double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st);
 679         double fetch_bub = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES,
 680                                             ctx, cpu);
 681
 682         if (total_slots)
 683                 fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
 684         return fe_bound;
 685 }
 686
 687 static double td_be_bound(int ctx, int cpu, struct runtime_stat *st)
 688 {
 689         double sum = (td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu, st) +
 690                       td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu, st) +
 691                       td_retiring(ctx, cpu, st));
 692         if (sum == 0)
 693                 return 0;
 694         return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
 695 }
 696
 697 static void print_smi_cost(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 698                            int cpu, struct evsel *evsel,
 699                            struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 700                            struct runtime_stat *st)
 701 {
 702         double smi_num, aperf, cycles, cost = 0.0;
 703         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 704         const char *color = NULL;
 705
 706         smi_num = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_SMI_NUM, ctx, cpu);
 707         aperf = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_APERF, ctx, cpu);
 708         cycles = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 709
 710         if ((cycles == 0) || (aperf == 0))
 711                 return;
 712
 713         if (smi_num)
 714                 cost = (aperf - cycles) / aperf * 100.00;
 715
 716         if (cost > 10)
 717                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 718         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, color, "%8.1f%%", "SMI cycles%", cost);
 719         out->print_metric(config, out->ctx, NULL, "%4.0f", "SMI#", smi_num);
 720 }
 721
 722 static void generic_metric(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 723                            const char *metric_expr,
 724                            struct evsel **metric_events,
 725                            char *name,
 726                            const char *metric_name,
 727                            const char *metric_unit,
 728                            double avg,
 729                            int cpu,
 730                            struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 731                            struct runtime_stat *st)
 732 {
 733         print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
 734         struct parse_ctx pctx;
 735         double ratio, scale;
 736         int i;
 737         void *ctxp = out->ctx;
 738         char *n, *pn;
 739
 740         expr__ctx_init(&pctx);
 741         /* Must be first id entry */
 742         expr__add_id(&pctx, name, avg);
 743         for (i = 0; metric_events[i]; i++) {
 744                 struct saved_value *v;
 745                 struct stats *stats;
 746                 u64 metric_total = 0;
 747
 748                 if (!strcmp(metric_events[i]->name, "duration_time")) {
 749                         stats = &walltime_nsecs_stats;
 750                         scale = 1e-9;
 751                 } else {
 752                         v = saved_value_lookup(metric_events[i], cpu, false,
 753                                                STAT_NONE, 0, st);
 754                         if (!v)
 755                                 break;
 756                         stats = &v->stats;
 757                         scale = 1.0;
 758
 759                         if (v->metric_other)
 760                                 metric_total = v->metric_total;
 761                 }
 762
 763                 n = strdup(metric_events[i]->name);
 764                 if (!n)
 765                         return;
 766                 /*
 767                  * This display code with --no-merge adds [cpu] postfixes.
 768                  * These are not supported by the parser. Remove everything
 769                  * after the space.
 770                  */
 771                 pn = strchr(n, ' ');
 772                 if (pn)
 773                         *pn = 0;
 774
 775                 if (metric_total)
 776                         expr__add_id(&pctx, n, metric_total);
 777                 else
 778                         expr__add_id(&pctx, n, avg_stats(stats)*scale);
 779         }
 780
 781         if (!metric_events[i]) {
 782                 const char *p = metric_expr;
 783
 784                 if (expr__parse(&ratio, &pctx, &p) == 0) {
 785                         char *unit;
 786                         char metric_bf[64];
 787
 788                         if (metric_unit && metric_name) {
 789                                 if (perf_pmu__convert_scale(metric_unit,
 790                                         &unit, &scale) >= 0) {
 791                                         ratio *= scale;
 792                                 }
 793
 794                                 scnprintf(metric_bf, sizeof(metric_bf),
 795                                           "%s  %s", unit, metric_name);
 796                                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
 797                                              metric_bf, ratio);
 798                         } else {
 799                                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.1f",
 800                                         metric_name ?
 801                                         metric_name :
 802                                         out->force_header ?  name : "",
 803                                         ratio);
 804                         }
 805                 } else {
 806                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL,
 807                                      out->force_header ?
 808                                      (metric_name ? metric_name : name) : "", 0);
 809                 }
 810         } else
 811                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "", 0);
 812
 813         for (i = 1; i < pctx.num_ids; i++)
 814                 zfree(&pctx.ids[i].name);
 815 }
 816
 817 void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_stat_config *config,
 818                                    struct evsel *evsel,
 819                                    double avg, int cpu,
 820                                    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out,
 821                                    struct rblist *metric_events,
 822                                    struct runtime_stat *st)
 823 {
 824         void *ctxp = out->ctx;
 825         print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
 826         double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
 827         const char *color = NULL;
 828         int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
 829         struct metric_event *me;
 830         int num = 1;
 831
 832         if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
 833                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 834
 835                 if (total) {
 836                         ratio = avg / total;
 837                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 838                                         "insn per cycle", ratio);
 839                 } else {
 840                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
 841                 }
 842
 843                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONT,
 844                                          ctx, cpu);
 845
 846                 total = max(total, runtime_stat_avg(st,
 847                                                     STAT_STALLED_CYCLES_BACK,
 848                                                     ctx, cpu));
 849
 850                 if (total && avg) {
 851                         out->new_line(config, ctxp);
 852                         ratio = total / avg;
 853                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 854                                         "stalled cycles per insn",
 855                                         ratio);
 856                 } else if (have_frontend_stalled) {
 857                         out->new_line(config, ctxp);
 858                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
 859                                      "stalled cycles per insn", 0);
 860                 }
 861         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
 862                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_BRANCHES, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 863                         print_branch_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 864                 else
 865                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
 866         } else if (
 867                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 868                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
 869                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 870                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 871
 872                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_DCACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 873                         print_l1_dcache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 874                 else
 875                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache hits", 0);
 876         } else if (
 877                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 878                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
 879                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 880                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 881
 882                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_L1_ICACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 883                         print_l1_icache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 884                 else
 885                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache hits", 0);
 886         } else if (
 887                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 888                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
 889                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 890                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 891
 892                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_DTLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 893                         print_dtlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 894                 else
 895                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache hits", 0);
 896         } else if (
 897                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 898                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
 899                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 900                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 901
 902                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_ITLB_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 903                         print_itlb_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 904                 else
 905                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache hits", 0);
 906         } else if (
 907                 evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
 908                 evsel->core.attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
 909                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
 910                                          ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
 911
 912                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_LL_CACHE, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 913                         print_ll_cache_misses(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 914                 else
 915                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache hits", 0);
 916         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
 917                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu);
 918
 919                 if (total)
 920                         ratio = avg * 100 / total;
 921
 922                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CACHEREFS, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 923                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
 924                                      "of all cache refs", ratio);
 925                 else
 926                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
 927         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
 928                 print_stalled_cycles_frontend(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 929         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
 930                 print_stalled_cycles_backend(config, cpu, evsel, avg, out, st);
 931         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
 932                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu);
 933
 934                 if (total) {
 935                         ratio = avg / total;
 936                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
 937                 } else {
 938                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
 939                 }
 940         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
 941                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 942
 943                 if (total)
 944                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL,
 945                                         "%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
 946                                         100.0 * (avg / total));
 947                 else
 948                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
 949                                      0);
 950         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
 951                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES, ctx, cpu);
 952                 total2 = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu);
 953
 954                 if (total2 < avg)
 955                         total2 = avg;
 956                 if (total)
 957                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
 958                                 100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
 959                 else
 960                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
 961         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
 962                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX,
 963                                          ctx, cpu);
 964
 965                 if (avg)
 966                         ratio = total / avg;
 967
 968                 if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX, ctx, cpu) != 0)
 969                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
 970                                      "cycles / transaction", ratio);
 971                 else
 972                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
 973                                       0);
 974         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
 975                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_CYCLES_IN_TX,
 976                                          ctx, cpu);
 977
 978                 if (avg)
 979                         ratio = total / avg;
 980
 981                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
 982         } else if (perf_evsel__is_clock(evsel)) {
 983                 if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
 984                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
 985                                      avg / (ratio * evsel->scale));
 986                 else
 987                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
 988         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
 989                 double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu, st);
 990
 991                 if (fe_bound > 0.2)
 992                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
 993                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
 994                                 fe_bound * 100.);
 995         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
 996                 double retiring = td_retiring(ctx, cpu, st);
 997
 998                 if (retiring > 0.7)
 999                         color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
1000                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
1001                                 retiring * 100.);
1002         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
1003                 double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu, st);
1004
1005                 if (bad_spec > 0.1)
1006                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1007                 print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
1008                                 bad_spec * 100.);
1009         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
1010                 double be_bound = td_be_bound(ctx, cpu, st);
1011                 const char *name = "backend bound";
1012                 static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
1013
1014                 /* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
1015                 if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
1016                         have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
1017                                         "topdown-recovery-bubbles");
1018                 if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
1019                         name = "backend bound/bad spec";
1020
1021                 if (be_bound > 0.2)
1022                         color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
1023                 if (td_total_slots(ctx, cpu, st) > 0)
1024                         print_metric(config, ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
1025                                         be_bound * 100.);
1026                 else
1027                         print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
1028         } else if (evsel->metric_expr) {
1029                 generic_metric(config, evsel->metric_expr, evsel->metric_events, evsel->name,
1030                                 evsel->metric_name, NULL, avg, cpu, out, st);
1031         } else if (runtime_stat_n(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu) != 0) {
1032                 char unit = 'M';
1033                 char unit_buf[10];
1034
1035                 total = runtime_stat_avg(st, STAT_NSECS, 0, cpu);
1036
1037                 if (total)
1038                         ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
1039                 if (ratio < 0.001) {
1040                         ratio *= 1000;
1041                         unit = 'K';
1042                 }
1043                 snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
1044                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
1045         } else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, SMI_NUM)) {
1046                 print_smi_cost(config, cpu, evsel, out, st);
1047         } else {
1048                 num = 0;
1049         }
1050
1051         if ((me = metricgroup__lookup(metric_events, evsel, false)) != NULL) {
1052                 struct metric_expr *mexp;
1053
1054                 list_for_each_entry (mexp, &me->head, nd) {
1055                         if (num++ > 0)
1056                                 out->new_line(config, ctxp);
1057                         generic_metric(config, mexp->metric_expr, mexp->metric_events,
1058                                         evsel->name, mexp->metric_name,
1059                                         mexp->metric_unit, avg, cpu, out, st);
1060                 }
1061         }
1062         if (num == 0)
1063                 print_metric(config, ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
1064 }