mmap locking API: use coccinelle to convert mmap_sem rwsem call sites
[linux-block.git] / kernel / bpf / stackmap.c
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /* Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
3  */
4 #include <linux/bpf.h>
5 #include <linux/jhash.h>
6 #include <linux/filter.h>
7 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
8 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
9 #include <linux/elf.h>
10 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
11 #include <linux/irq_work.h>
12 #include "percpu_freelist.h"
13
14 #define STACK_CREATE_FLAG_MASK                                  \
15         (BPF_F_NUMA_NODE | BPF_F_RDONLY | BPF_F_WRONLY |        \
16          BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID)
17
18 struct stack_map_bucket {
19         struct pcpu_freelist_node fnode;
20         u32 hash;
21         u32 nr;
22         u64 data[];
23 };
24
25 struct bpf_stack_map {
26         struct bpf_map map;
27         void *elems;
28         struct pcpu_freelist freelist;
29         u32 n_buckets;
30         struct stack_map_bucket *buckets[];
31 };
32
33 /* irq_work to run up_read() for build_id lookup in nmi context */
34 struct stack_map_irq_work {
35         struct irq_work irq_work;
36         struct rw_semaphore *sem;
37 };
38
39 static void do_up_read(struct irq_work *entry)
40 {
41         struct stack_map_irq_work *work;
42
43         if (WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)))
44                 return;
45
46         work = container_of(entry, struct stack_map_irq_work, irq_work);
47         up_read_non_owner(work->sem);
48         work->sem = NULL;
49 }
50
51 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct stack_map_irq_work, up_read_work);
52
53 static inline bool stack_map_use_build_id(struct bpf_map *map)
54 {
55         return (map->map_flags & BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID);
56 }
57
58 static inline int stack_map_data_size(struct bpf_map *map)
59 {
60         return stack_map_use_build_id(map) ?
61                 sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id) : sizeof(u64);
62 }
63
64 static int prealloc_elems_and_freelist(struct bpf_stack_map *smap)
65 {
66         u32 elem_size = sizeof(struct stack_map_bucket) + smap->map.value_size;
67         int err;
68
69         smap->elems = bpf_map_area_alloc(elem_size * smap->map.max_entries,
70                                          smap->map.numa_node);
71         if (!smap->elems)
72                 return -ENOMEM;
73
74         err = pcpu_freelist_init(&smap->freelist);
75         if (err)
76                 goto free_elems;
77
78         pcpu_freelist_populate(&smap->freelist, smap->elems, elem_size,
79                                smap->map.max_entries);
80         return 0;
81
82 free_elems:
83         bpf_map_area_free(smap->elems);
84         return err;
85 }
86
87 /* Called from syscall */
88 static struct bpf_map *stack_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
89 {
90         u32 value_size = attr->value_size;
91         struct bpf_stack_map *smap;
92         struct bpf_map_memory mem;
93         u64 cost, n_buckets;
94         int err;
95
96         if (!bpf_capable())
97                 return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
98
99         if (attr->map_flags & ~STACK_CREATE_FLAG_MASK)
100                 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
101
102         /* check sanity of attributes */
103         if (attr->max_entries == 0 || attr->key_size != 4 ||
104             value_size < 8 || value_size % 8)
105                 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
106
107         BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id) % sizeof(u64));
108         if (attr->map_flags & BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID) {
109                 if (value_size % sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id) ||
110                     value_size / sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id)
111                     > sysctl_perf_event_max_stack)
112                         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
113         } else if (value_size / 8 > sysctl_perf_event_max_stack)
114                 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
115
116         /* hash table size must be power of 2 */
117         n_buckets = roundup_pow_of_two(attr->max_entries);
118
119         cost = n_buckets * sizeof(struct stack_map_bucket *) + sizeof(*smap);
120         cost += n_buckets * (value_size + sizeof(struct stack_map_bucket));
121         err = bpf_map_charge_init(&mem, cost);
122         if (err)
123                 return ERR_PTR(err);
124
125         smap = bpf_map_area_alloc(cost, bpf_map_attr_numa_node(attr));
126         if (!smap) {
127                 bpf_map_charge_finish(&mem);
128                 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
129         }
130
131         bpf_map_init_from_attr(&smap->map, attr);
132         smap->map.value_size = value_size;
133         smap->n_buckets = n_buckets;
134
135         err = get_callchain_buffers(sysctl_perf_event_max_stack);
136         if (err)
137                 goto free_charge;
138
139         err = prealloc_elems_and_freelist(smap);
140         if (err)
141                 goto put_buffers;
142
143         bpf_map_charge_move(&smap->map.memory, &mem);
144
145         return &smap->map;
146
147 put_buffers:
148         put_callchain_buffers();
149 free_charge:
150         bpf_map_charge_finish(&mem);
151         bpf_map_area_free(smap);
152         return ERR_PTR(err);
153 }
154
155 #define BPF_BUILD_ID 3
156 /*
157  * Parse build id from the note segment. This logic can be shared between
158  * 32-bit and 64-bit system, because Elf32_Nhdr and Elf64_Nhdr are
159  * identical.
160  */
161 static inline int stack_map_parse_build_id(void *page_addr,
162                                            unsigned char *build_id,
163                                            void *note_start,
164                                            Elf32_Word note_size)
165 {
166         Elf32_Word note_offs = 0, new_offs;
167
168         /* check for overflow */
169         if (note_start < page_addr || note_start + note_size < note_start)
170                 return -EINVAL;
171
172         /* only supports note that fits in the first page */
173         if (note_start + note_size > page_addr + PAGE_SIZE)
174                 return -EINVAL;
175
176         while (note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) < note_size) {
177                 Elf32_Nhdr *nhdr = (Elf32_Nhdr *)(note_start + note_offs);
178
179                 if (nhdr->n_type == BPF_BUILD_ID &&
180                     nhdr->n_namesz == sizeof("GNU") &&
181                     nhdr->n_descsz > 0 &&
182                     nhdr->n_descsz <= BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE) {
183                         memcpy(build_id,
184                                note_start + note_offs +
185                                ALIGN(sizeof("GNU"), 4) + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr),
186                                nhdr->n_descsz);
187                         memset(build_id + nhdr->n_descsz, 0,
188                                BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE - nhdr->n_descsz);
189                         return 0;
190                 }
191                 new_offs = note_offs + sizeof(Elf32_Nhdr) +
192                         ALIGN(nhdr->n_namesz, 4) + ALIGN(nhdr->n_descsz, 4);
193                 if (new_offs <= note_offs)  /* overflow */
194                         break;
195                 note_offs = new_offs;
196         }
197         return -EINVAL;
198 }
199
200 /* Parse build ID from 32-bit ELF */
201 static int stack_map_get_build_id_32(void *page_addr,
202                                      unsigned char *build_id)
203 {
204         Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr = (Elf32_Ehdr *)page_addr;
205         Elf32_Phdr *phdr;
206         int i;
207
208         /* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
209         if (ehdr->e_phnum >
210             (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf32_Phdr))
211                 return -EINVAL;
212
213         phdr = (Elf32_Phdr *)(page_addr + sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
214
215         for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; ++i)
216                 if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_NOTE)
217                         return stack_map_parse_build_id(page_addr, build_id,
218                                         page_addr + phdr[i].p_offset,
219                                         phdr[i].p_filesz);
220         return -EINVAL;
221 }
222
223 /* Parse build ID from 64-bit ELF */
224 static int stack_map_get_build_id_64(void *page_addr,
225                                      unsigned char *build_id)
226 {
227         Elf64_Ehdr *ehdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)page_addr;
228         Elf64_Phdr *phdr;
229         int i;
230
231         /* only supports phdr that fits in one page */
232         if (ehdr->e_phnum >
233             (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) / sizeof(Elf64_Phdr))
234                 return -EINVAL;
235
236         phdr = (Elf64_Phdr *)(page_addr + sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr));
237
238         for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; ++i)
239                 if (phdr[i].p_type == PT_NOTE)
240                         return stack_map_parse_build_id(page_addr, build_id,
241                                         page_addr + phdr[i].p_offset,
242                                         phdr[i].p_filesz);
243         return -EINVAL;
244 }
245
246 /* Parse build ID of ELF file mapped to vma */
247 static int stack_map_get_build_id(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
248                                   unsigned char *build_id)
249 {
250         Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr;
251         struct page *page;
252         void *page_addr;
253         int ret;
254
255         /* only works for page backed storage  */
256         if (!vma->vm_file)
257                 return -EINVAL;
258
259         page = find_get_page(vma->vm_file->f_mapping, 0);
260         if (!page)
261                 return -EFAULT; /* page not mapped */
262
263         ret = -EINVAL;
264         page_addr = kmap_atomic(page);
265         ehdr = (Elf32_Ehdr *)page_addr;
266
267         /* compare magic x7f "ELF" */
268         if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0)
269                 goto out;
270
271         /* only support executable file and shared object file */
272         if (ehdr->e_type != ET_EXEC && ehdr->e_type != ET_DYN)
273                 goto out;
274
275         if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32)
276                 ret = stack_map_get_build_id_32(page_addr, build_id);
277         else if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64)
278                 ret = stack_map_get_build_id_64(page_addr, build_id);
279 out:
280         kunmap_atomic(page_addr);
281         put_page(page);
282         return ret;
283 }
284
285 static void stack_map_get_build_id_offset(struct bpf_stack_build_id *id_offs,
286                                           u64 *ips, u32 trace_nr, bool user)
287 {
288         int i;
289         struct vm_area_struct *vma;
290         bool irq_work_busy = false;
291         struct stack_map_irq_work *work = NULL;
292
293         if (irqs_disabled()) {
294                 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
295                         work = this_cpu_ptr(&up_read_work);
296                         if (atomic_read(&work->irq_work.flags) & IRQ_WORK_BUSY) {
297                                 /* cannot queue more up_read, fallback */
298                                 irq_work_busy = true;
299                         }
300                 } else {
301                         /*
302                          * PREEMPT_RT does not allow to trylock mmap sem in
303                          * interrupt disabled context. Force the fallback code.
304                          */
305                         irq_work_busy = true;
306                 }
307         }
308
309         /*
310          * We cannot do up_read() when the irq is disabled, because of
311          * risk to deadlock with rq_lock. To do build_id lookup when the
312          * irqs are disabled, we need to run up_read() in irq_work. We use
313          * a percpu variable to do the irq_work. If the irq_work is
314          * already used by another lookup, we fall back to report ips.
315          *
316          * Same fallback is used for kernel stack (!user) on a stackmap
317          * with build_id.
318          */
319         if (!user || !current || !current->mm || irq_work_busy ||
320             mmap_read_trylock(current->mm) == 0) {
321                 /* cannot access current->mm, fall back to ips */
322                 for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++) {
323                         id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP;
324                         id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
325                         memset(id_offs[i].build_id, 0, BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE);
326                 }
327                 return;
328         }
329
330         for (i = 0; i < trace_nr; i++) {
331                 vma = find_vma(current->mm, ips[i]);
332                 if (!vma || stack_map_get_build_id(vma, id_offs[i].build_id)) {
333                         /* per entry fall back to ips */
334                         id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP;
335                         id_offs[i].ip = ips[i];
336                         memset(id_offs[i].build_id, 0, BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE);
337                         continue;
338                 }
339                 id_offs[i].offset = (vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + ips[i]
340                         - vma->vm_start;
341                 id_offs[i].status = BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID;
342         }
343
344         if (!work) {
345                 mmap_read_unlock(current->mm);
346         } else {
347                 work->sem = &current->mm->mmap_sem;
348                 irq_work_queue(&work->irq_work);
349                 /*
350                  * The irq_work will release the mmap_sem with
351                  * up_read_non_owner(). The rwsem_release() is called
352                  * here to release the lock from lockdep's perspective.
353                  */
354                 rwsem_release(&current->mm->mmap_sem.dep_map, _RET_IP_);
355         }
356 }
357
358 BPF_CALL_3(bpf_get_stackid, struct pt_regs *, regs, struct bpf_map *, map,
359            u64, flags)
360 {
361         struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
362         struct perf_callchain_entry *trace;
363         struct stack_map_bucket *bucket, *new_bucket, *old_bucket;
364         u32 max_depth = map->value_size / stack_map_data_size(map);
365         /* stack_map_alloc() checks that max_depth <= sysctl_perf_event_max_stack */
366         u32 init_nr = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack - max_depth;
367         u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
368         u32 hash, id, trace_nr, trace_len;
369         bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
370         bool kernel = !user;
371         u64 *ips;
372         bool hash_matches;
373
374         if (unlikely(flags & ~(BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK | BPF_F_USER_STACK |
375                                BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP | BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID)))
376                 return -EINVAL;
377
378         trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, init_nr, kernel, user,
379                                    sysctl_perf_event_max_stack, false, false);
380
381         if (unlikely(!trace))
382                 /* couldn't fetch the stack trace */
383                 return -EFAULT;
384
385         /* get_perf_callchain() guarantees that trace->nr >= init_nr
386          * and trace-nr <= sysctl_perf_event_max_stack, so trace_nr <= max_depth
387          */
388         trace_nr = trace->nr - init_nr;
389
390         if (trace_nr <= skip)
391                 /* skipping more than usable stack trace */
392                 return -EFAULT;
393
394         trace_nr -= skip;
395         trace_len = trace_nr * sizeof(u64);
396         ips = trace->ip + skip + init_nr;
397         hash = jhash2((u32 *)ips, trace_len / sizeof(u32), 0);
398         id = hash & (smap->n_buckets - 1);
399         bucket = READ_ONCE(smap->buckets[id]);
400
401         hash_matches = bucket && bucket->hash == hash;
402         /* fast cmp */
403         if (hash_matches && flags & BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP)
404                 return id;
405
406         if (stack_map_use_build_id(map)) {
407                 /* for build_id+offset, pop a bucket before slow cmp */
408                 new_bucket = (struct stack_map_bucket *)
409                         pcpu_freelist_pop(&smap->freelist);
410                 if (unlikely(!new_bucket))
411                         return -ENOMEM;
412                 new_bucket->nr = trace_nr;
413                 stack_map_get_build_id_offset(
414                         (struct bpf_stack_build_id *)new_bucket->data,
415                         ips, trace_nr, user);
416                 trace_len = trace_nr * sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id);
417                 if (hash_matches && bucket->nr == trace_nr &&
418                     memcmp(bucket->data, new_bucket->data, trace_len) == 0) {
419                         pcpu_freelist_push(&smap->freelist, &new_bucket->fnode);
420                         return id;
421                 }
422                 if (bucket && !(flags & BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID)) {
423                         pcpu_freelist_push(&smap->freelist, &new_bucket->fnode);
424                         return -EEXIST;
425                 }
426         } else {
427                 if (hash_matches && bucket->nr == trace_nr &&
428                     memcmp(bucket->data, ips, trace_len) == 0)
429                         return id;
430                 if (bucket && !(flags & BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID))
431                         return -EEXIST;
432
433                 new_bucket = (struct stack_map_bucket *)
434                         pcpu_freelist_pop(&smap->freelist);
435                 if (unlikely(!new_bucket))
436                         return -ENOMEM;
437                 memcpy(new_bucket->data, ips, trace_len);
438         }
439
440         new_bucket->hash = hash;
441         new_bucket->nr = trace_nr;
442
443         old_bucket = xchg(&smap->buckets[id], new_bucket);
444         if (old_bucket)
445                 pcpu_freelist_push(&smap->freelist, &old_bucket->fnode);
446         return id;
447 }
448
449 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stackid_proto = {
450         .func           = bpf_get_stackid,
451         .gpl_only       = true,
452         .ret_type       = RET_INTEGER,
453         .arg1_type      = ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,
454         .arg2_type      = ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
455         .arg3_type      = ARG_ANYTHING,
456 };
457
458 BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack, struct pt_regs *, regs, void *, buf, u32, size,
459            u64, flags)
460 {
461         u32 init_nr, trace_nr, copy_len, elem_size, num_elem;
462         bool user_build_id = flags & BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID;
463         u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
464         bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
465         struct perf_callchain_entry *trace;
466         bool kernel = !user;
467         int err = -EINVAL;
468         u64 *ips;
469
470         if (unlikely(flags & ~(BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK | BPF_F_USER_STACK |
471                                BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID)))
472                 goto clear;
473         if (kernel && user_build_id)
474                 goto clear;
475
476         elem_size = (user && user_build_id) ? sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id)
477                                             : sizeof(u64);
478         if (unlikely(size % elem_size))
479                 goto clear;
480
481         num_elem = size / elem_size;
482         if (sysctl_perf_event_max_stack < num_elem)
483                 init_nr = 0;
484         else
485                 init_nr = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack - num_elem;
486         trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, init_nr, kernel, user,
487                                    sysctl_perf_event_max_stack, false, false);
488         if (unlikely(!trace))
489                 goto err_fault;
490
491         trace_nr = trace->nr - init_nr;
492         if (trace_nr < skip)
493                 goto err_fault;
494
495         trace_nr -= skip;
496         trace_nr = (trace_nr <= num_elem) ? trace_nr : num_elem;
497         copy_len = trace_nr * elem_size;
498         ips = trace->ip + skip + init_nr;
499         if (user && user_build_id)
500                 stack_map_get_build_id_offset(buf, ips, trace_nr, user);
501         else
502                 memcpy(buf, ips, copy_len);
503
504         if (size > copy_len)
505                 memset(buf + copy_len, 0, size - copy_len);
506         return copy_len;
507
508 err_fault:
509         err = -EFAULT;
510 clear:
511         memset(buf, 0, size);
512         return err;
513 }
514
515 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stack_proto = {
516         .func           = bpf_get_stack,
517         .gpl_only       = true,
518         .ret_type       = RET_INTEGER,
519         .arg1_type      = ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,
520         .arg2_type      = ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
521         .arg3_type      = ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
522         .arg4_type      = ARG_ANYTHING,
523 };
524
525 /* Called from eBPF program */
526 static void *stack_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
527 {
528         return ERR_PTR(-EOPNOTSUPP);
529 }
530
531 /* Called from syscall */
532 int bpf_stackmap_copy(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *value)
533 {
534         struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
535         struct stack_map_bucket *bucket, *old_bucket;
536         u32 id = *(u32 *)key, trace_len;
537
538         if (unlikely(id >= smap->n_buckets))
539                 return -ENOENT;
540
541         bucket = xchg(&smap->buckets[id], NULL);
542         if (!bucket)
543                 return -ENOENT;
544
545         trace_len = bucket->nr * stack_map_data_size(map);
546         memcpy(value, bucket->data, trace_len);
547         memset(value + trace_len, 0, map->value_size - trace_len);
548
549         old_bucket = xchg(&smap->buckets[id], bucket);
550         if (old_bucket)
551                 pcpu_freelist_push(&smap->freelist, &old_bucket->fnode);
552         return 0;
553 }
554
555 static int stack_map_get_next_key(struct bpf_map *map, void *key,
556                                   void *next_key)
557 {
558         struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map,
559                                                   struct bpf_stack_map, map);
560         u32 id;
561
562         WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_read_lock_held());
563
564         if (!key) {
565                 id = 0;
566         } else {
567                 id = *(u32 *)key;
568                 if (id >= smap->n_buckets || !smap->buckets[id])
569                         id = 0;
570                 else
571                         id++;
572         }
573
574         while (id < smap->n_buckets && !smap->buckets[id])
575                 id++;
576
577         if (id >= smap->n_buckets)
578                 return -ENOENT;
579
580         *(u32 *)next_key = id;
581         return 0;
582 }
583
584 static int stack_map_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *value,
585                                  u64 map_flags)
586 {
587         return -EINVAL;
588 }
589
590 /* Called from syscall or from eBPF program */
591 static int stack_map_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
592 {
593         struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
594         struct stack_map_bucket *old_bucket;
595         u32 id = *(u32 *)key;
596
597         if (unlikely(id >= smap->n_buckets))
598                 return -E2BIG;
599
600         old_bucket = xchg(&smap->buckets[id], NULL);
601         if (old_bucket) {
602                 pcpu_freelist_push(&smap->freelist, &old_bucket->fnode);
603                 return 0;
604         } else {
605                 return -ENOENT;
606         }
607 }
608
609 /* Called when map->refcnt goes to zero, either from workqueue or from syscall */
610 static void stack_map_free(struct bpf_map *map)
611 {
612         struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
613
614         /* wait for bpf programs to complete before freeing stack map */
615         synchronize_rcu();
616
617         bpf_map_area_free(smap->elems);
618         pcpu_freelist_destroy(&smap->freelist);
619         bpf_map_area_free(smap);
620         put_callchain_buffers();
621 }
622
623 const struct bpf_map_ops stack_trace_map_ops = {
624         .map_alloc = stack_map_alloc,
625         .map_free = stack_map_free,
626         .map_get_next_key = stack_map_get_next_key,
627         .map_lookup_elem = stack_map_lookup_elem,
628         .map_update_elem = stack_map_update_elem,
629         .map_delete_elem = stack_map_delete_elem,
630         .map_check_btf = map_check_no_btf,
631 };
632
633 static int __init stack_map_init(void)
634 {
635         int cpu;
636         struct stack_map_irq_work *work;
637
638         for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
639                 work = per_cpu_ptr(&up_read_work, cpu);
640                 init_irq_work(&work->irq_work, do_up_read);
641         }
642         return 0;
643 }
644 subsys_initcall(stack_map_init);