1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * This contains encryption functions for per-file encryption.
5 * Copyright (C) 2015, Google, Inc.
6 * Copyright (C) 2015, Motorola Mobility
8 * Written by Michael Halcrow, 2014.
10 * Filename encryption additions
11 * Uday Savagaonkar, 2014
12 * Encryption policy handling additions
13 * Ildar Muslukhov, 2014
14 * Add fscrypt_pullback_bio_page()
17 * This has not yet undergone a rigorous security audit.
19 * The usage of AES-XTS should conform to recommendations in NIST
20 * Special Publication 800-38E and IEEE P1619/D16.
23 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
24 #include <linux/mempool.h>
25 #include <linux/module.h>
26 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
27 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
28 #include <crypto/skcipher.h>
29 #include "fscrypt_private.h"
31 static unsigned int num_prealloc_crypto_pages = 32;
33 module_param(num_prealloc_crypto_pages, uint, 0444);
34 MODULE_PARM_DESC(num_prealloc_crypto_pages,
35 "Number of crypto pages to preallocate");
37 static mempool_t *fscrypt_bounce_page_pool = NULL;
39 static struct workqueue_struct *fscrypt_read_workqueue;
40 static DEFINE_MUTEX(fscrypt_init_mutex);
42 struct kmem_cache *fscrypt_inode_info_cachep;
44 void fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_work(struct work_struct *work)
46 queue_work(fscrypt_read_workqueue, work);
48 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_work);
50 struct page *fscrypt_alloc_bounce_page(gfp_t gfp_flags)
52 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!fscrypt_bounce_page_pool)) {
54 * Oops, the filesystem called a function that uses the bounce
55 * page pool, but it didn't set needs_bounce_pages.
59 return mempool_alloc(fscrypt_bounce_page_pool, gfp_flags);
63 * fscrypt_free_bounce_page() - free a ciphertext bounce page
64 * @bounce_page: the bounce page to free, or NULL
66 * Free a bounce page that was allocated by fscrypt_encrypt_pagecache_blocks(),
67 * or by fscrypt_alloc_bounce_page() directly.
69 void fscrypt_free_bounce_page(struct page *bounce_page)
73 set_page_private(bounce_page, (unsigned long)NULL);
74 ClearPagePrivate(bounce_page);
75 mempool_free(bounce_page, fscrypt_bounce_page_pool);
77 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_free_bounce_page);
80 * Generate the IV for the given data unit index within the given file.
81 * For filenames encryption, index == 0.
83 * Keep this in sync with fscrypt_limit_io_blocks(). fscrypt_limit_io_blocks()
84 * needs to know about any IV generation methods where the low bits of IV don't
85 * simply contain the data unit index (e.g., IV_INO_LBLK_32).
87 void fscrypt_generate_iv(union fscrypt_iv *iv, u64 index,
88 const struct fscrypt_inode_info *ci)
90 u8 flags = fscrypt_policy_flags(&ci->ci_policy);
92 memset(iv, 0, ci->ci_mode->ivsize);
94 if (flags & FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_IV_INO_LBLK_64) {
95 WARN_ON_ONCE(index > U32_MAX);
96 WARN_ON_ONCE(ci->ci_inode->i_ino > U32_MAX);
97 index |= (u64)ci->ci_inode->i_ino << 32;
98 } else if (flags & FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_IV_INO_LBLK_32) {
99 WARN_ON_ONCE(index > U32_MAX);
100 index = (u32)(ci->ci_hashed_ino + index);
101 } else if (flags & FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_DIRECT_KEY) {
102 memcpy(iv->nonce, ci->ci_nonce, FSCRYPT_FILE_NONCE_SIZE);
104 iv->index = cpu_to_le64(index);
107 /* Encrypt or decrypt a single "data unit" of file contents. */
108 int fscrypt_crypt_data_unit(const struct fscrypt_inode_info *ci,
109 fscrypt_direction_t rw, u64 index,
110 struct page *src_page, struct page *dest_page,
111 unsigned int len, unsigned int offs,
115 struct skcipher_request *req = NULL;
116 DECLARE_CRYPTO_WAIT(wait);
117 struct scatterlist dst, src;
118 struct crypto_skcipher *tfm = ci->ci_enc_key.tfm;
121 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len <= 0))
123 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len % FSCRYPT_CONTENTS_ALIGNMENT != 0))
126 fscrypt_generate_iv(&iv, index, ci);
128 req = skcipher_request_alloc(tfm, gfp_flags);
132 skcipher_request_set_callback(
133 req, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG | CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP,
134 crypto_req_done, &wait);
136 sg_init_table(&dst, 1);
137 sg_set_page(&dst, dest_page, len, offs);
138 sg_init_table(&src, 1);
139 sg_set_page(&src, src_page, len, offs);
140 skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &src, &dst, len, &iv);
141 if (rw == FS_DECRYPT)
142 res = crypto_wait_req(crypto_skcipher_decrypt(req), &wait);
144 res = crypto_wait_req(crypto_skcipher_encrypt(req), &wait);
145 skcipher_request_free(req);
147 fscrypt_err(ci->ci_inode,
148 "%scryption failed for data unit %llu: %d",
149 (rw == FS_DECRYPT ? "De" : "En"), index, res);
156 * fscrypt_encrypt_pagecache_blocks() - Encrypt data from a pagecache folio
157 * @folio: the locked pagecache folio containing the data to encrypt
158 * @len: size of the data to encrypt, in bytes
159 * @offs: offset within @page of the data to encrypt, in bytes
160 * @gfp_flags: memory allocation flags; see details below
162 * This allocates a new bounce page and encrypts the given data into it. The
163 * length and offset of the data must be aligned to the file's crypto data unit
164 * size. Alignment to the filesystem block size fulfills this requirement, as
165 * the filesystem block size is always a multiple of the data unit size.
167 * In the bounce page, the ciphertext data will be located at the same offset at
168 * which the plaintext data was located in the source page. Any other parts of
169 * the bounce page will be left uninitialized.
171 * This is for use by the filesystem's ->writepages() method.
173 * The bounce page allocation is mempool-backed, so it will always succeed when
174 * @gfp_flags includes __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM, e.g. when it's GFP_NOFS. However,
175 * only the first page of each bio can be allocated this way. To prevent
176 * deadlocks, for any additional pages a mask like GFP_NOWAIT must be used.
178 * Return: the new encrypted bounce page on success; an ERR_PTR() on failure
180 struct page *fscrypt_encrypt_pagecache_blocks(struct folio *folio,
181 size_t len, size_t offs, gfp_t gfp_flags)
183 const struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
184 const struct fscrypt_inode_info *ci = inode->i_crypt_info;
185 const unsigned int du_bits = ci->ci_data_unit_bits;
186 const unsigned int du_size = 1U << du_bits;
187 struct page *ciphertext_page;
188 u64 index = ((u64)folio->index << (PAGE_SHIFT - du_bits)) +
193 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_large(folio), folio);
194 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio)))
195 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
197 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len <= 0 || !IS_ALIGNED(len | offs, du_size)))
198 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
200 ciphertext_page = fscrypt_alloc_bounce_page(gfp_flags);
201 if (!ciphertext_page)
202 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
204 for (i = offs; i < offs + len; i += du_size, index++) {
205 err = fscrypt_crypt_data_unit(ci, FS_ENCRYPT, index,
206 &folio->page, ciphertext_page,
207 du_size, i, gfp_flags);
209 fscrypt_free_bounce_page(ciphertext_page);
213 SetPagePrivate(ciphertext_page);
214 set_page_private(ciphertext_page, (unsigned long)folio);
215 return ciphertext_page;
217 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_encrypt_pagecache_blocks);
220 * fscrypt_encrypt_block_inplace() - Encrypt a filesystem block in-place
221 * @inode: The inode to which this block belongs
222 * @page: The page containing the block to encrypt
223 * @len: Size of block to encrypt. This must be a multiple of
224 * FSCRYPT_CONTENTS_ALIGNMENT.
225 * @offs: Byte offset within @page at which the block to encrypt begins
226 * @lblk_num: Filesystem logical block number of the block, i.e. the 0-based
227 * number of the block within the file
228 * @gfp_flags: Memory allocation flags
230 * Encrypt a possibly-compressed filesystem block that is located in an
231 * arbitrary page, not necessarily in the original pagecache page. The @inode
232 * and @lblk_num must be specified, as they can't be determined from @page.
234 * This is not compatible with fscrypt_operations::supports_subblock_data_units.
236 * Return: 0 on success; -errno on failure
238 int fscrypt_encrypt_block_inplace(const struct inode *inode, struct page *page,
239 unsigned int len, unsigned int offs,
240 u64 lblk_num, gfp_t gfp_flags)
242 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_sb->s_cop->supports_subblock_data_units))
244 return fscrypt_crypt_data_unit(inode->i_crypt_info, FS_ENCRYPT,
245 lblk_num, page, page, len, offs,
248 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_encrypt_block_inplace);
251 * fscrypt_decrypt_pagecache_blocks() - Decrypt data from a pagecache folio
252 * @folio: the pagecache folio containing the data to decrypt
253 * @len: size of the data to decrypt, in bytes
254 * @offs: offset within @folio of the data to decrypt, in bytes
256 * Decrypt data that has just been read from an encrypted file. The data must
257 * be located in a pagecache folio that is still locked and not yet uptodate.
258 * The length and offset of the data must be aligned to the file's crypto data
259 * unit size. Alignment to the filesystem block size fulfills this requirement,
260 * as the filesystem block size is always a multiple of the data unit size.
262 * Return: 0 on success; -errno on failure
264 int fscrypt_decrypt_pagecache_blocks(struct folio *folio, size_t len,
267 const struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
268 const struct fscrypt_inode_info *ci = inode->i_crypt_info;
269 const unsigned int du_bits = ci->ci_data_unit_bits;
270 const unsigned int du_size = 1U << du_bits;
271 u64 index = ((u64)folio->index << (PAGE_SHIFT - du_bits)) +
276 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio)))
279 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len <= 0 || !IS_ALIGNED(len | offs, du_size)))
282 for (i = offs; i < offs + len; i += du_size, index++) {
283 struct page *page = folio_page(folio, i >> PAGE_SHIFT);
285 err = fscrypt_crypt_data_unit(ci, FS_DECRYPT, index, page,
286 page, du_size, i & ~PAGE_MASK,
293 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_decrypt_pagecache_blocks);
296 * fscrypt_decrypt_block_inplace() - Decrypt a filesystem block in-place
297 * @inode: The inode to which this block belongs
298 * @page: The page containing the block to decrypt
299 * @len: Size of block to decrypt. This must be a multiple of
300 * FSCRYPT_CONTENTS_ALIGNMENT.
301 * @offs: Byte offset within @page at which the block to decrypt begins
302 * @lblk_num: Filesystem logical block number of the block, i.e. the 0-based
303 * number of the block within the file
305 * Decrypt a possibly-compressed filesystem block that is located in an
306 * arbitrary page, not necessarily in the original pagecache page. The @inode
307 * and @lblk_num must be specified, as they can't be determined from @page.
309 * This is not compatible with fscrypt_operations::supports_subblock_data_units.
311 * Return: 0 on success; -errno on failure
313 int fscrypt_decrypt_block_inplace(const struct inode *inode, struct page *page,
314 unsigned int len, unsigned int offs,
317 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_sb->s_cop->supports_subblock_data_units))
319 return fscrypt_crypt_data_unit(inode->i_crypt_info, FS_DECRYPT,
320 lblk_num, page, page, len, offs,
323 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscrypt_decrypt_block_inplace);
326 * fscrypt_initialize() - allocate major buffers for fs encryption.
327 * @sb: the filesystem superblock
329 * We only call this when we start accessing encrypted files, since it
330 * results in memory getting allocated that wouldn't otherwise be used.
332 * Return: 0 on success; -errno on failure
334 int fscrypt_initialize(struct super_block *sb)
339 /* pairs with smp_store_release() below */
340 if (likely(smp_load_acquire(&fscrypt_bounce_page_pool)))
343 /* No need to allocate a bounce page pool if this FS won't use it. */
344 if (!sb->s_cop->needs_bounce_pages)
347 mutex_lock(&fscrypt_init_mutex);
348 if (fscrypt_bounce_page_pool)
352 pool = mempool_create_page_pool(num_prealloc_crypto_pages, 0);
355 /* pairs with smp_load_acquire() above */
356 smp_store_release(&fscrypt_bounce_page_pool, pool);
359 mutex_unlock(&fscrypt_init_mutex);
363 void fscrypt_msg(const struct inode *inode, const char *level,
364 const char *fmt, ...)
366 static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(rs, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,
367 DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);
368 struct va_format vaf;
371 if (!__ratelimit(&rs))
377 if (inode && inode->i_ino)
378 printk("%sfscrypt (%s, inode %lu): %pV\n",
379 level, inode->i_sb->s_id, inode->i_ino, &vaf);
381 printk("%sfscrypt (%s): %pV\n", level, inode->i_sb->s_id, &vaf);
383 printk("%sfscrypt: %pV\n", level, &vaf);
388 * fscrypt_init() - Set up for fs encryption.
390 * Return: 0 on success; -errno on failure
392 static int __init fscrypt_init(void)
397 * Use an unbound workqueue to allow bios to be decrypted in parallel
398 * even when they happen to complete on the same CPU. This sacrifices
399 * locality, but it's worthwhile since decryption is CPU-intensive.
401 * Also use a high-priority workqueue to prioritize decryption work,
402 * which blocks reads from completing, over regular application tasks.
404 fscrypt_read_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("fscrypt_read_queue",
405 WQ_UNBOUND | WQ_HIGHPRI,
407 if (!fscrypt_read_workqueue)
410 fscrypt_inode_info_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(fscrypt_inode_info,
411 SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT);
412 if (!fscrypt_inode_info_cachep)
413 goto fail_free_queue;
415 err = fscrypt_init_keyring();
417 goto fail_free_inode_info;
421 fail_free_inode_info:
422 kmem_cache_destroy(fscrypt_inode_info_cachep);
424 destroy_workqueue(fscrypt_read_workqueue);
428 late_initcall(fscrypt_init)