4 * Copyright (c) 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
5 * http://www.samsung.com
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
8 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
9 * Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
10 * option) any later version.
14 #include <linux/bug.h>
15 #include <linux/delay.h>
16 #include <linux/err.h>
17 #include <linux/gpio.h>
18 #include <linux/slab.h>
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
21 #include <linux/regulator/driver.h>
22 #include <linux/regulator/machine.h>
23 #include <linux/mfd/s5m87xx/s5m-core.h>
24 #include <linux/mfd/s5m87xx/s5m-pmic.h>
28 struct s5m87xx_dev *iodev;
30 struct regulator_dev **rdev;
47 struct s5m_voltage_desc {
53 static const struct s5m_voltage_desc buck_voltage_val1 = {
59 static const struct s5m_voltage_desc buck_voltage_val2 = {
65 static const struct s5m_voltage_desc buck_voltage_val3 = {
71 static const struct s5m_voltage_desc ldo_voltage_val1 = {
77 static const struct s5m_voltage_desc ldo_voltage_val2 = {
83 static const struct s5m_voltage_desc *reg_voltage_map[] = {
84 [S5M8767_LDO1] = &ldo_voltage_val2,
85 [S5M8767_LDO2] = &ldo_voltage_val2,
86 [S5M8767_LDO3] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
87 [S5M8767_LDO4] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
88 [S5M8767_LDO5] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
89 [S5M8767_LDO6] = &ldo_voltage_val2,
90 [S5M8767_LDO7] = &ldo_voltage_val2,
91 [S5M8767_LDO8] = &ldo_voltage_val2,
92 [S5M8767_LDO9] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
93 [S5M8767_LDO10] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
94 [S5M8767_LDO11] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
95 [S5M8767_LDO12] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
96 [S5M8767_LDO13] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
97 [S5M8767_LDO14] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
98 [S5M8767_LDO15] = &ldo_voltage_val2,
99 [S5M8767_LDO16] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
100 [S5M8767_LDO17] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
101 [S5M8767_LDO18] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
102 [S5M8767_LDO19] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
103 [S5M8767_LDO20] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
104 [S5M8767_LDO21] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
105 [S5M8767_LDO22] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
106 [S5M8767_LDO23] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
107 [S5M8767_LDO24] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
108 [S5M8767_LDO25] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
109 [S5M8767_LDO26] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
110 [S5M8767_LDO27] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
111 [S5M8767_LDO28] = &ldo_voltage_val1,
112 [S5M8767_BUCK1] = &buck_voltage_val1,
113 [S5M8767_BUCK2] = &buck_voltage_val2,
114 [S5M8767_BUCK3] = &buck_voltage_val2,
115 [S5M8767_BUCK4] = &buck_voltage_val2,
116 [S5M8767_BUCK5] = &buck_voltage_val1,
117 [S5M8767_BUCK6] = &buck_voltage_val1,
118 [S5M8767_BUCK7] = NULL,
119 [S5M8767_BUCK8] = NULL,
120 [S5M8767_BUCK9] = &buck_voltage_val3,
123 static int s5m8767_list_voltage(struct regulator_dev *rdev,
124 unsigned int selector)
126 const struct s5m_voltage_desc *desc;
127 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
130 if (reg_id >= ARRAY_SIZE(reg_voltage_map) || reg_id < 0)
133 desc = reg_voltage_map[reg_id];
137 val = desc->min + desc->step * selector;
144 static int s5m8767_get_register(struct regulator_dev *rdev, int *reg)
146 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
149 case S5M8767_LDO1 ... S5M8767_LDO2:
150 *reg = S5M8767_REG_LDO1CTRL + (reg_id - S5M8767_LDO1);
152 case S5M8767_LDO3 ... S5M8767_LDO28:
153 *reg = S5M8767_REG_LDO3CTRL + (reg_id - S5M8767_LDO3);
156 *reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK1CTRL1;
158 case S5M8767_BUCK2 ... S5M8767_BUCK4:
159 *reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK2CTRL + (reg_id - S5M8767_BUCK2) * 9;
162 *reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK5CTRL1;
164 case S5M8767_BUCK6 ... S5M8767_BUCK9:
165 *reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK6CTRL1 + (reg_id - S5M8767_BUCK6) * 2;
174 static int s5m8767_reg_is_enabled(struct regulator_dev *rdev)
176 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
178 int mask = 0xc0, pattern = 0xc0;
181 ret = s5m8767_get_register(rdev, ®);
187 ret = s5m_reg_read(s5m8767->iodev, reg, &val);
191 return (val & mask) == pattern;
194 static int s5m8767_reg_enable(struct regulator_dev *rdev)
196 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
198 int mask = 0xc0, pattern = 0xc0;
200 ret = s5m8767_get_register(rdev, ®);
204 return s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, reg, pattern, mask);
207 static int s5m8767_reg_disable(struct regulator_dev *rdev)
209 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
211 int mask = 0xc0, pattern = 0xc0;
213 ret = s5m8767_get_register(rdev, ®);
217 return s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, reg, ~pattern, mask);
220 static int s5m8767_get_voltage_register(struct regulator_dev *rdev, int *_reg)
222 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
226 case S5M8767_LDO1 ... S5M8767_LDO2:
227 reg = S5M8767_REG_LDO1CTRL + (reg_id - S5M8767_LDO1);
229 case S5M8767_LDO3 ... S5M8767_LDO28:
230 reg = S5M8767_REG_LDO3CTRL + (reg_id - S5M8767_LDO3);
233 reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK1CTRL2;
236 reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK2DVS1;
239 reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK3DVS1;
242 reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK4DVS1;
245 reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK5CTRL2;
247 case S5M8767_BUCK6 ... S5M8767_BUCK9:
248 reg = S5M8767_REG_BUCK6CTRL2 + (reg_id - S5M8767_BUCK6) * 2;
259 static int s5m8767_get_voltage_sel(struct regulator_dev *rdev)
261 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
262 int reg, mask = 0xff, ret;
263 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
266 ret = s5m8767_get_voltage_register(rdev, ®);
271 case S5M8767_LDO1 ... S5M8767_LDO28:
275 if (s5m8767->buck2_gpiodvs)
276 reg += s5m8767->buck_gpioindex;
279 if (s5m8767->buck3_gpiodvs)
280 reg += s5m8767->buck_gpioindex;
283 if (s5m8767->buck4_gpiodvs)
284 reg += s5m8767->buck_gpioindex;
288 ret = s5m_reg_read(s5m8767->iodev, reg, &val);
297 static int s5m8767_convert_voltage_to_sel(
298 const struct s5m_voltage_desc *desc,
299 int min_vol, int max_vol)
306 if (max_vol < desc->min || min_vol > desc->max)
309 selector = (min_vol - desc->min) / desc->step;
311 if (desc->min + desc->step * selector > max_vol)
317 static int s5m8767_set_voltage(struct regulator_dev *rdev,
318 int min_uV, int max_uV, unsigned *selector)
320 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
321 const struct s5m_voltage_desc *desc;
322 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
328 case S5M8767_LDO1 ... S5M8767_LDO28:
331 case S5M8767_BUCK1 ... S5M8767_BUCK6:
334 case S5M8767_BUCK7 ... S5M8767_BUCK8:
343 desc = reg_voltage_map[reg_id];
345 i = s5m8767_convert_voltage_to_sel(desc, min_uV, max_uV);
349 ret = s5m8767_get_voltage_register(rdev, ®);
353 s5m_reg_read(s5m8767->iodev, reg, &val);
356 ret = s5m_reg_write(s5m8767->iodev, reg, val);
362 static inline void s5m8767_set_high(struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767)
364 int temp_index = s5m8767->buck_gpioindex;
366 gpio_set_value(s5m8767->buck_gpios[0], (temp_index >> 2) & 0x1);
367 gpio_set_value(s5m8767->buck_gpios[1], (temp_index >> 1) & 0x1);
368 gpio_set_value(s5m8767->buck_gpios[2], temp_index & 0x1);
371 static inline void s5m8767_set_low(struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767)
373 int temp_index = s5m8767->buck_gpioindex;
375 gpio_set_value(s5m8767->buck_gpios[2], temp_index & 0x1);
376 gpio_set_value(s5m8767->buck_gpios[1], (temp_index >> 1) & 0x1);
377 gpio_set_value(s5m8767->buck_gpios[0], (temp_index >> 2) & 0x1);
380 static int s5m8767_set_voltage_buck(struct regulator_dev *rdev,
381 int min_uV, int max_uV, unsigned *selector)
383 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
384 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
385 const struct s5m_voltage_desc *desc;
386 int new_val, old_val, i = 0;
388 if (reg_id < S5M8767_BUCK1 || reg_id > S5M8767_BUCK6)
393 return s5m8767_set_voltage(rdev, min_uV, max_uV, selector);
394 case S5M8767_BUCK2 ... S5M8767_BUCK4:
396 case S5M8767_BUCK5 ... S5M8767_BUCK6:
397 return s5m8767_set_voltage(rdev, min_uV, max_uV, selector);
399 return s5m8767_set_voltage(rdev, min_uV, max_uV, selector);
402 desc = reg_voltage_map[reg_id];
403 new_val = s5m8767_convert_voltage_to_sel(desc, min_uV, max_uV);
409 if (s5m8767->buck2_gpiodvs) {
410 while (s5m8767->buck2_vol[i] != new_val)
413 return s5m8767_set_voltage(rdev, min_uV,
417 if (s5m8767->buck3_gpiodvs) {
418 while (s5m8767->buck3_vol[i] != new_val)
421 return s5m8767_set_voltage(rdev, min_uV,
425 if (s5m8767->buck3_gpiodvs) {
426 while (s5m8767->buck4_vol[i] != new_val)
429 return s5m8767_set_voltage(rdev, min_uV,
434 old_val = s5m8767->buck_gpioindex;
435 s5m8767->buck_gpioindex = i;
438 s5m8767_set_high(s5m8767);
440 s5m8767_set_low(s5m8767);
446 static int s5m8767_set_voltage_time_sel(struct regulator_dev *rdev,
447 unsigned int old_sel,
448 unsigned int new_sel)
450 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = rdev_get_drvdata(rdev);
451 const struct s5m_voltage_desc *desc;
452 int reg_id = rdev_get_id(rdev);
454 desc = reg_voltage_map[reg_id];
456 if (old_sel < new_sel)
457 return DIV_ROUND_UP(desc->step * (new_sel - old_sel),
458 s5m8767->ramp_delay * 1000);
462 static struct regulator_ops s5m8767_ldo_ops = {
463 .list_voltage = s5m8767_list_voltage,
464 .is_enabled = s5m8767_reg_is_enabled,
465 .enable = s5m8767_reg_enable,
466 .disable = s5m8767_reg_disable,
467 .get_voltage_sel = s5m8767_get_voltage_sel,
468 .set_voltage = s5m8767_set_voltage,
469 .set_voltage_time_sel = s5m8767_set_voltage_time_sel,
472 static struct regulator_ops s5m8767_buck_ops = {
473 .list_voltage = s5m8767_list_voltage,
474 .is_enabled = s5m8767_reg_is_enabled,
475 .enable = s5m8767_reg_enable,
476 .disable = s5m8767_reg_disable,
477 .get_voltage_sel = s5m8767_get_voltage_sel,
478 .set_voltage = s5m8767_set_voltage_buck,
479 .set_voltage_time_sel = s5m8767_set_voltage_time_sel,
482 #define regulator_desc_ldo(num) { \
484 .id = S5M8767_LDO##num, \
485 .ops = &s5m8767_ldo_ops, \
486 .type = REGULATOR_VOLTAGE, \
487 .owner = THIS_MODULE, \
489 #define regulator_desc_buck(num) { \
490 .name = "BUCK"#num, \
491 .id = S5M8767_BUCK##num, \
492 .ops = &s5m8767_buck_ops, \
493 .type = REGULATOR_VOLTAGE, \
494 .owner = THIS_MODULE, \
497 static struct regulator_desc regulators[] = {
498 regulator_desc_ldo(1),
499 regulator_desc_ldo(2),
500 regulator_desc_ldo(3),
501 regulator_desc_ldo(4),
502 regulator_desc_ldo(5),
503 regulator_desc_ldo(6),
504 regulator_desc_ldo(7),
505 regulator_desc_ldo(8),
506 regulator_desc_ldo(9),
507 regulator_desc_ldo(10),
508 regulator_desc_ldo(11),
509 regulator_desc_ldo(12),
510 regulator_desc_ldo(13),
511 regulator_desc_ldo(14),
512 regulator_desc_ldo(15),
513 regulator_desc_ldo(16),
514 regulator_desc_ldo(17),
515 regulator_desc_ldo(18),
516 regulator_desc_ldo(19),
517 regulator_desc_ldo(20),
518 regulator_desc_ldo(21),
519 regulator_desc_ldo(22),
520 regulator_desc_ldo(23),
521 regulator_desc_ldo(24),
522 regulator_desc_ldo(25),
523 regulator_desc_ldo(26),
524 regulator_desc_ldo(27),
525 regulator_desc_ldo(28),
526 regulator_desc_buck(1),
527 regulator_desc_buck(2),
528 regulator_desc_buck(3),
529 regulator_desc_buck(4),
530 regulator_desc_buck(5),
531 regulator_desc_buck(6),
532 regulator_desc_buck(7),
533 regulator_desc_buck(8),
534 regulator_desc_buck(9),
537 static __devinit int s5m8767_pmic_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
539 struct s5m87xx_dev *iodev = dev_get_drvdata(pdev->dev.parent);
540 struct s5m_platform_data *pdata = dev_get_platdata(iodev->dev);
541 struct regulator_dev **rdev;
542 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767;
546 dev_err(pdev->dev.parent, "Platform data not supplied\n");
550 if (pdata->buck2_gpiodvs) {
551 if (pdata->buck3_gpiodvs || pdata->buck4_gpiodvs) {
552 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "S5M8767 GPIO DVS NOT VALID\n");
557 if (pdata->buck3_gpiodvs) {
558 if (pdata->buck2_gpiodvs || pdata->buck4_gpiodvs) {
559 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "S5M8767 GPIO DVS NOT VALID\n");
564 if (pdata->buck4_gpiodvs) {
565 if (pdata->buck2_gpiodvs || pdata->buck3_gpiodvs) {
566 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "S5M8767 GPIO DVS NOT VALID\n");
571 s5m8767 = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct s5m8767_info),
576 size = sizeof(struct regulator_dev *) * (S5M8767_REG_MAX - 2);
577 s5m8767->rdev = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, size, GFP_KERNEL);
581 rdev = s5m8767->rdev;
582 s5m8767->dev = &pdev->dev;
583 s5m8767->iodev = iodev;
584 s5m8767->num_regulators = S5M8767_REG_MAX - 2;
585 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, s5m8767);
587 s5m8767->buck_gpioindex = pdata->buck_default_idx;
588 s5m8767->buck2_gpiodvs = pdata->buck2_gpiodvs;
589 s5m8767->buck3_gpiodvs = pdata->buck3_gpiodvs;
590 s5m8767->buck4_gpiodvs = pdata->buck4_gpiodvs;
591 s5m8767->buck_gpios[0] = pdata->buck_gpios[0];
592 s5m8767->buck_gpios[1] = pdata->buck_gpios[1];
593 s5m8767->buck_gpios[2] = pdata->buck_gpios[2];
594 s5m8767->ramp_delay = pdata->buck_ramp_delay;
595 s5m8767->buck2_ramp = pdata->buck2_ramp_enable;
596 s5m8767->buck3_ramp = pdata->buck3_ramp_enable;
597 s5m8767->buck4_ramp = pdata->buck4_ramp_enable;
599 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
600 if (s5m8767->buck2_gpiodvs) {
601 s5m8767->buck2_vol[i] =
602 s5m8767_convert_voltage_to_sel(
604 pdata->buck2_voltage[i],
605 pdata->buck2_voltage[i] +
606 buck_voltage_val2.step);
609 if (s5m8767->buck3_gpiodvs) {
610 s5m8767->buck3_vol[i] =
611 s5m8767_convert_voltage_to_sel(
613 pdata->buck3_voltage[i],
614 pdata->buck3_voltage[i] +
615 buck_voltage_val2.step);
618 if (s5m8767->buck4_gpiodvs) {
619 s5m8767->buck4_vol[i] =
620 s5m8767_convert_voltage_to_sel(
622 pdata->buck4_voltage[i],
623 pdata->buck4_voltage[i] +
624 buck_voltage_val2.step);
628 if (pdata->buck2_gpiodvs || pdata->buck3_gpiodvs ||
629 pdata->buck4_gpiodvs) {
630 if (gpio_is_valid(pdata->buck_gpios[0]) &&
631 gpio_is_valid(pdata->buck_gpios[1]) &&
632 gpio_is_valid(pdata->buck_gpios[2])) {
633 ret = gpio_request(pdata->buck_gpios[0],
636 dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "Duplicated gpio request for SET1\n");
638 ret = gpio_request(pdata->buck_gpios[1],
641 dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "Duplicated gpio request for SET2\n");
643 ret = gpio_request(pdata->buck_gpios[2],
646 dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "Duplicated gpio request for SET3\n");
648 gpio_direction_output(pdata->buck_gpios[0],
649 (s5m8767->buck_gpioindex >> 2) & 0x1);
651 gpio_direction_output(pdata->buck_gpios[1],
652 (s5m8767->buck_gpioindex >> 1) & 0x1);
654 gpio_direction_output(pdata->buck_gpios[2],
655 (s5m8767->buck_gpioindex >> 0) & 0x1);
658 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "GPIO NOT VALID\n");
664 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK2CTRL,
665 (pdata->buck2_gpiodvs) ? (1 << 1) : (0 << 1), 1 << 1);
666 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK3CTRL,
667 (pdata->buck3_gpiodvs) ? (1 << 1) : (0 << 1), 1 << 1);
668 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK4CTRL,
669 (pdata->buck4_gpiodvs) ? (1 << 1) : (0 << 1), 1 << 1);
671 /* Initialize GPIO DVS registers */
672 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
673 if (s5m8767->buck2_gpiodvs) {
674 s5m_reg_write(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK2DVS1 + i,
675 s5m8767->buck2_vol[i]);
678 if (s5m8767->buck3_gpiodvs) {
679 s5m_reg_write(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK3DVS1 + i,
680 s5m8767->buck3_vol[i]);
683 if (s5m8767->buck4_gpiodvs) {
684 s5m_reg_write(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK4DVS1 + i,
685 s5m8767->buck4_vol[i]);
688 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK2CTRL, 0x78, 0xff);
689 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK3CTRL, 0x58, 0xff);
690 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_BUCK4CTRL, 0x78, 0xff);
692 if (s5m8767->buck2_ramp)
693 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP, 0x08, 0x08);
695 if (s5m8767->buck3_ramp)
696 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP, 0x04, 0x04);
698 if (s5m8767->buck4_ramp)
699 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP, 0x02, 0x02);
701 if (s5m8767->buck2_ramp || s5m8767->buck3_ramp
702 || s5m8767->buck4_ramp) {
703 switch (s5m8767->ramp_delay) {
705 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP,
709 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP,
713 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP,
717 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP,
721 s5m_reg_update(s5m8767->iodev, S5M8767_REG_DVSRAMP,
726 for (i = 0; i < pdata->num_regulators; i++) {
727 const struct s5m_voltage_desc *desc;
728 int id = pdata->regulators[i].id;
730 desc = reg_voltage_map[id];
732 regulators[id].n_voltages =
733 (desc->max - desc->min) / desc->step + 1;
735 rdev[i] = regulator_register(®ulators[id], s5m8767->dev,
736 pdata->regulators[i].initdata, s5m8767, NULL);
737 if (IS_ERR(rdev[i])) {
738 ret = PTR_ERR(rdev[i]);
739 dev_err(s5m8767->dev, "regulator init failed for %d\n",
748 for (i = 0; i < s5m8767->num_regulators; i++)
750 regulator_unregister(rdev[i]);
755 static int __devexit s5m8767_pmic_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
757 struct s5m8767_info *s5m8767 = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
758 struct regulator_dev **rdev = s5m8767->rdev;
761 for (i = 0; i < s5m8767->num_regulators; i++)
763 regulator_unregister(rdev[i]);
768 static const struct platform_device_id s5m8767_pmic_id[] = {
769 { "s5m8767-pmic", 0},
772 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(platform, s5m8767_pmic_id);
774 static struct platform_driver s5m8767_pmic_driver = {
776 .name = "s5m8767-pmic",
777 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
779 .probe = s5m8767_pmic_probe,
780 .remove = __devexit_p(s5m8767_pmic_remove),
781 .id_table = s5m8767_pmic_id,
784 static int __init s5m8767_pmic_init(void)
786 return platform_driver_register(&s5m8767_pmic_driver);
788 subsys_initcall(s5m8767_pmic_init);
790 static void __exit s5m8767_pmic_exit(void)
792 platform_driver_unregister(&s5m8767_pmic_driver);
794 module_exit(s5m8767_pmic_exit);
796 /* Module information */
797 MODULE_AUTHOR("Sangbeom Kim <sbkim73@samsung.com>");
798 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SAMSUNG S5M8767 Regulator Driver");
799 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");