1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
5 * Created by: Hariprasad Nellitheertha (hari@in.ibm.com)
7 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2004. All rights reserved.
8 * Copyright (C) Red Hat Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
10 * Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
14 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec: " fmt
16 #include <linux/types.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
18 #include <linux/smp.h>
19 #include <linux/reboot.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/delay.h>
22 #include <linux/elf.h>
23 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
24 #include <linux/export.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
27 #include <linux/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
30 #include <asm/processor.h>
31 #include <asm/hardirq.h>
33 #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
35 #include <asm/e820/types.h>
36 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
38 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
40 #include <asm/reboot.h>
41 #include <asm/intel_pt.h>
42 #include <asm/crash.h>
43 #include <asm/cmdline.h>
46 /* Used while preparing memory map entries for second kernel */
47 struct crash_memmap_data {
48 struct boot_params *params;
53 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC)
55 static void kdump_nmi_callback(int cpu, struct pt_regs *regs)
57 crash_save_cpu(regs, cpu);
60 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
62 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
69 void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
71 nmi_shootdown_cpus(kdump_nmi_callback);
76 /* Override the weak function in kernel/panic.c */
77 void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
79 static int cpus_stopped;
84 if (smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus)
85 smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus();
93 void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
95 /* There are no cpus to shootdown */
99 void native_machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
101 /* This function is only called after the system
102 * has panicked or is otherwise in a critical state.
103 * The minimum amount of code to allow a kexec'd kernel
104 * to run successfully needs to happen here.
106 * In practice this means shooting down the other cpus in
109 /* The kernel is broken so disable interrupts */
112 crash_smp_send_stop();
114 cpu_emergency_disable_virtualization();
117 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
119 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
121 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
122 /* Prevent crash_kexec() from deadlocking on ioapic_lock. */
127 restore_boot_irq_mode();
128 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET_TIMER
133 * Non-crash kexec calls enc_kexec_begin() while scheduling is still
134 * active. This allows the callback to wait until all in-flight
135 * shared<->private conversions are complete. In a crash scenario,
136 * enc_kexec_begin() gets called after all but one CPU have been shut
137 * down and interrupts have been disabled. This allows the callback to
138 * detect a race with the conversion and report it.
140 x86_platform.guest.enc_kexec_begin();
141 x86_platform.guest.enc_kexec_finish();
143 crash_save_cpu(regs, smp_processor_id());
146 #if defined(CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE) || defined(CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG)
147 static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
149 unsigned int *nr_ranges = arg;
155 /* Gather all the required information to prepare elf headers for ram regions */
156 static struct crash_mem *fill_up_crash_elf_data(void)
158 unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
159 struct crash_mem *cmem;
161 walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
166 * Exclusion of crash region and/or crashk_low_res may cause
167 * another range split. So add extra two slots here.
170 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, nr_ranges));
174 cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
181 * Look for any unwanted ranges between mstart, mend and remove them. This
182 * might lead to split and split ranges are put in cmem->ranges[] array
184 static int elf_header_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
188 /* Exclude the low 1M because it is always reserved */
189 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, 0, SZ_1M - 1);
193 /* Exclude crashkernel region */
194 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
198 if (crashk_low_res.end)
199 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start,
205 static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
207 struct crash_mem *cmem = arg;
209 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = res->start;
210 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].end = res->end;
216 /* Prepare elf headers. Return addr and size */
217 static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz,
218 unsigned long *nr_mem_ranges)
220 struct crash_mem *cmem;
223 cmem = fill_up_crash_elf_data();
227 ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
231 /* Exclude unwanted mem ranges */
232 ret = elf_header_exclude_ranges(cmem);
236 /* Return the computed number of memory ranges, for hotplug usage */
237 *nr_mem_ranges = cmem->nr_ranges;
239 /* By default prepare 64bit headers */
240 ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), addr, sz);
248 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
249 static int add_e820_entry(struct boot_params *params, struct e820_entry *entry)
251 unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
253 nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
254 if (nr_e820_entries >= E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE)
257 memcpy(¶ms->e820_table[nr_e820_entries], entry, sizeof(struct e820_entry));
258 params->e820_entries++;
262 static int memmap_entry_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
264 struct crash_memmap_data *cmd = arg;
265 struct boot_params *params = cmd->params;
266 struct e820_entry ei;
268 ei.addr = res->start;
269 ei.size = resource_size(res);
271 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
276 static int memmap_exclude_ranges(struct kimage *image, struct crash_mem *cmem,
277 unsigned long long mstart,
278 unsigned long long mend)
280 unsigned long start, end;
283 cmem->ranges[0].start = mstart;
284 cmem->ranges[0].end = mend;
287 /* Exclude elf header region */
288 start = image->elf_load_addr;
289 end = start + image->elf_headers_sz - 1;
290 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
295 /* Exclude dm crypt keys region */
296 if (image->dm_crypt_keys_addr) {
297 start = image->dm_crypt_keys_addr;
298 end = start + image->dm_crypt_keys_sz - 1;
299 return crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
305 /* Prepare memory map for crash dump kernel */
306 int crash_setup_memmap_entries(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params)
308 unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
311 struct e820_entry ei;
312 struct crash_memmap_data cmd;
313 struct crash_mem *cmem;
316 * Using random kexec_buf for passing dm crypt keys may cause a range
317 * split. So use two slots here.
320 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, nr_ranges));
324 cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
327 memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct crash_memmap_data));
331 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
332 flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
333 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_NONE, flags, 0, (1<<20)-1, &cmd,
334 memmap_entry_callback);
336 /* Add ACPI tables */
337 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_ACPI;
338 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
339 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_TABLES, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
340 memmap_entry_callback);
342 /* Add ACPI Non-volatile Storage */
343 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_NVS;
344 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_NV_STORAGE, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
345 memmap_entry_callback);
347 /* Add e820 reserved ranges */
348 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RESERVED;
349 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
350 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_RESERVED, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
351 memmap_entry_callback);
353 /* Add crashk_low_res region */
354 if (crashk_low_res.end) {
355 ei.addr = crashk_low_res.start;
356 ei.size = resource_size(&crashk_low_res);
357 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
358 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
361 /* Exclude some ranges from crashk_res and add rest to memmap */
362 ret = memmap_exclude_ranges(image, cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
366 for (i = 0; i < cmem->nr_ranges; i++) {
367 ei.size = cmem->ranges[i].end - cmem->ranges[i].start + 1;
369 /* If entry is less than a page, skip it */
370 if (ei.size < PAGE_SIZE)
372 ei.addr = cmem->ranges[i].start;
373 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
374 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
382 int crash_load_segments(struct kimage *image)
385 unsigned long pnum = 0;
386 struct kexec_buf kbuf = { .image = image, .buf_min = 0,
387 .buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = false };
389 /* Prepare elf headers and add a segment */
390 ret = prepare_elf_headers(&kbuf.buffer, &kbuf.bufsz, &pnum);
394 image->elf_headers = kbuf.buffer;
395 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.bufsz;
396 kbuf.memsz = kbuf.bufsz;
398 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
400 * The elfcorehdr segment size accounts for VMCOREINFO, kernel_map,
401 * maximum CPUs and maximum memory ranges.
403 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG))
404 pnum = 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT + CONFIG_CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES;
406 pnum += 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT;
408 if (pnum < (unsigned long)PN_XNUM) {
409 kbuf.memsz = pnum * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
410 kbuf.memsz += sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
412 image->elfcorehdr_index = image->nr_segments;
414 /* Mark as usable to crash kernel, else crash kernel fails on boot */
415 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.memsz;
417 pr_err("number of Phdrs %lu exceeds max\n", pnum);
421 kbuf.buf_align = ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN;
422 kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
423 ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
426 image->elf_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
427 kexec_dprintk("Loaded ELF headers at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
428 image->elf_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.memsz);
432 #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */
434 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
437 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "crash hp: " fmt
439 int arch_crash_hotplug_support(struct kimage *image, unsigned long kexec_flags)
442 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
443 if (image->file_mode)
447 * Initially, crash hotplug support for kexec_load was added
448 * with the KEXEC_UPDATE_ELFCOREHDR flag. Later, this
449 * functionality was expanded to accommodate multiple kexec
450 * segment updates, leading to the introduction of the
451 * KEXEC_CRASH_HOTPLUG_SUPPORT kexec flag bit. Consequently,
452 * when the kexec tool sends either of these flags, it indicates
453 * that the required kexec segment (elfcorehdr) is excluded from
454 * the SHA calculation.
456 return (kexec_flags & KEXEC_UPDATE_ELFCOREHDR ||
457 kexec_flags & KEXEC_CRASH_HOTPLUG_SUPPORT);
460 unsigned int arch_crash_get_elfcorehdr_size(void)
464 /* kernel_map, VMCOREINFO and maximum CPUs */
465 sz = 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT;
466 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG))
467 sz += CONFIG_CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES;
468 sz *= sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
473 * arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event() - Handle hotplug elfcorehdr changes
474 * @image: a pointer to kexec_crash_image
475 * @arg: struct memory_notify handler for memory hotplug case and
476 * NULL for CPU hotplug case.
478 * Prepare the new elfcorehdr and replace the existing elfcorehdr.
480 void arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event(struct kimage *image, void *arg)
482 void *elfbuf = NULL, *old_elfcorehdr;
483 unsigned long nr_mem_ranges;
484 unsigned long mem, memsz;
485 unsigned long elfsz = 0;
488 * As crash_prepare_elf64_headers() has already described all
489 * possible CPUs, there is no need to update the elfcorehdr
490 * for additional CPU changes.
492 if ((image->file_mode || image->elfcorehdr_updated) &&
493 ((image->hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_CPU) ||
494 (image->hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_CPU)))
498 * Create the new elfcorehdr reflecting the changes to CPU and/or
501 if (prepare_elf_headers(&elfbuf, &elfsz, &nr_mem_ranges)) {
502 pr_err("unable to create new elfcorehdr");
507 * Obtain address and size of the elfcorehdr segment, and
508 * check it against the new elfcorehdr buffer.
510 mem = image->segment[image->elfcorehdr_index].mem;
511 memsz = image->segment[image->elfcorehdr_index].memsz;
513 pr_err("update elfcorehdr elfsz %lu > memsz %lu",
519 * Copy new elfcorehdr over the old elfcorehdr at destination.
521 old_elfcorehdr = kmap_local_page(pfn_to_page(mem >> PAGE_SHIFT));
522 if (!old_elfcorehdr) {
523 pr_err("mapping elfcorehdr segment failed\n");
528 * Temporarily invalidate the crash image while the
529 * elfcorehdr is updated.
531 xchg(&kexec_crash_image, NULL);
532 memcpy_flushcache(old_elfcorehdr, elfbuf, elfsz);
533 xchg(&kexec_crash_image, image);
534 kunmap_local(old_elfcorehdr);
535 pr_debug("updated elfcorehdr\n");