[linux-2.6-block.git] / arch / arm64 / mm / init.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Based on arch/arm/mm/init.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
 * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/math.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_fdt.h>
#include <linux/dma-direct.h>
#include <linux/dma-map-ops.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/swiotlb.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/kexec.h>
#include <linux/crash_dump.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/acpi_iort.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/execmem.h>

#include <asm/boot.h>
#include <asm/fixmap.h>
#include <asm/kasan.h>
#include <asm/kernel-pgtable.h>
#include <asm/kvm_host.h>
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/numa.h>
#include <asm/rsi.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <linux/sizes.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/alternative.h>
#include <asm/xen/swiotlb-xen.h>

/*
 * We need to be able to catch inadvertent references to memstart_addr
 * that occur (potentially in generic code) before arm64_memblock_init()
 * executes, which assigns it its actual value. So use a default value
 * that cannot be mistaken for a real physical address.
 */
s64 memstart_addr __ro_after_init = -1;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(memstart_addr);

/*
 * If the corresponding config options are enabled, we create both ZONE_DMA
 * and ZONE_DMA32. By default ZONE_DMA covers the 32-bit addressable memory
 * unless restricted on specific platforms (e.g. 30-bit on Raspberry Pi 4).
 * In such case, ZONE_DMA32 covers the rest of the 32-bit addressable memory,
 * otherwise it is empty.
 */
phys_addr_t __ro_after_init arm64_dma_phys_limit;

/*
 * To make optimal use of block mappings when laying out the linear
 * mapping, round down the base of physical memory to a size that can
 * be mapped efficiently, i.e., either PUD_SIZE (4k granule) or PMD_SIZE
 * (64k granule), or a multiple that can be mapped using contiguous bits
 * in the page tables: 32 * PMD_SIZE (16k granule)
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_ARM64_4K_PAGES)
#define ARM64_MEMSTART_SHIFT            PUD_SHIFT
#elif defined(CONFIG_ARM64_16K_PAGES)
#define ARM64_MEMSTART_SHIFT            CONT_PMD_SHIFT
#else
#define ARM64_MEMSTART_SHIFT            PMD_SHIFT
#endif

/*
 * sparsemem vmemmap imposes an additional requirement on the alignment of
 * memstart_addr, due to the fact that the base of the vmemmap region
 * has a direct correspondence, and needs to appear sufficiently aligned
 * in the virtual address space.
 */
#if ARM64_MEMSTART_SHIFT < SECTION_SIZE_BITS
#define ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN    (1UL << SECTION_SIZE_BITS)
#else
#define ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN    (1UL << ARM64_MEMSTART_SHIFT)
#endif

static void __init arch_reserve_crashkernel(void)
{
        unsigned long long low_size = 0;
        unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size;
        bool high = false;
        int ret;

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CRASH_RESERVE))
                return;

        ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, memblock_phys_mem_size(),
                                &crash_size, &crash_base,
                                &low_size, &high);
        if (ret)
                return;

        reserve_crashkernel_generic(crash_size, crash_base, low_size, high);
}

static phys_addr_t __init max_zone_phys(phys_addr_t zone_limit)
{
        return min(zone_limit, memblock_end_of_DRAM() - 1) + 1;
}

static void __init zone_sizes_init(void)
{
        unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES]  = {0};
        phys_addr_t __maybe_unused acpi_zone_dma_limit;
        phys_addr_t __maybe_unused dt_zone_dma_limit;
        phys_addr_t __maybe_unused dma32_phys_limit =
                max_zone_phys(DMA_BIT_MASK(32));

#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
        acpi_zone_dma_limit = acpi_iort_dma_get_max_cpu_address();
        dt_zone_dma_limit = of_dma_get_max_cpu_address(NULL);
        zone_dma_limit = min(dt_zone_dma_limit, acpi_zone_dma_limit);
        /*
         * Information we get from firmware (e.g. DT dma-ranges) describe DMA
         * bus constraints. Devices using DMA might have their own limitations.
         * Some of them rely on DMA zone in low 32-bit memory. Keep low RAM
         * DMA zone on platforms that have RAM there.
         */
        if (memblock_start_of_DRAM() < U32_MAX)
                zone_dma_limit = min(zone_dma_limit, U32_MAX);
        arm64_dma_phys_limit = max_zone_phys(zone_dma_limit);
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA] = PFN_DOWN(arm64_dma_phys_limit);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = PFN_DOWN(dma32_phys_limit);
        if (!arm64_dma_phys_limit)
                arm64_dma_phys_limit = dma32_phys_limit;
#endif
        if (!arm64_dma_phys_limit)
                arm64_dma_phys_limit = PHYS_MASK + 1;
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max_pfn;

        free_area_init(max_zone_pfns);
}

int pfn_is_map_memory(unsigned long pfn)
{
        phys_addr_t addr = PFN_PHYS(pfn);

        /* avoid false positives for bogus PFNs, see comment in pfn_valid() */
        if (PHYS_PFN(addr) != pfn)
                return 0;

        return memblock_is_map_memory(addr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_is_map_memory);

static phys_addr_t memory_limit __ro_after_init = PHYS_ADDR_MAX;

/*
 * Limit the memory size that was specified via FDT.
 */
static int __init early_mem(char *p)
{
        if (!p)
                return 1;

        memory_limit = memparse(p, &p) & PAGE_MASK;
        pr_notice("Memory limited to %lldMB\n", memory_limit >> 20);

        return 0;
}
early_param("mem", early_mem);

void __init arm64_memblock_init(void)
{
        s64 linear_region_size = PAGE_END - _PAGE_OFFSET(vabits_actual);

        /*
         * Corner case: 52-bit VA capable systems running KVM in nVHE mode may
         * be limited in their ability to support a linear map that exceeds 51
         * bits of VA space, depending on the placement of the ID map. Given
         * that the placement of the ID map may be randomized, let's simply
         * limit the kernel's linear map to 51 bits as well if we detect this
         * configuration.
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM) && vabits_actual == 52 &&
            is_hyp_mode_available() && !is_kernel_in_hyp_mode()) {
                pr_info("Capping linear region to 51 bits for KVM in nVHE mode on LVA capable hardware.\n");
                linear_region_size = min_t(u64, linear_region_size, BIT(51));
        }

        /* Remove memory above our supported physical address size */
        memblock_remove(1ULL << PHYS_MASK_SHIFT, ULLONG_MAX);

        /*
         * Select a suitable value for the base of physical memory.
         */
        memstart_addr = round_down(memblock_start_of_DRAM(),
                                   ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN);

        if ((memblock_end_of_DRAM() - memstart_addr) > linear_region_size)
                pr_warn("Memory doesn't fit in the linear mapping, VA_BITS too small\n");

        /*
         * Remove the memory that we will not be able to cover with the
         * linear mapping. Take care not to clip the kernel which may be
         * high in memory.
         */
        memblock_remove(max_t(u64, memstart_addr + linear_region_size,
                        __pa_symbol(_end)), ULLONG_MAX);
        if (memstart_addr + linear_region_size < memblock_end_of_DRAM()) {
                /* ensure that memstart_addr remains sufficiently aligned */
                memstart_addr = round_up(memblock_end_of_DRAM() - linear_region_size,
                                         ARM64_MEMSTART_ALIGN);
                memblock_remove(0, memstart_addr);
        }

        /*
         * If we are running with a 52-bit kernel VA config on a system that
         * does not support it, we have to place the available physical
         * memory in the 48-bit addressable part of the linear region, i.e.,
         * we have to move it upward. Since memstart_addr represents the
         * physical address of PAGE_OFFSET, we have to *subtract* from it.
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_VA_BITS_52) && (vabits_actual != 52))
                memstart_addr -= _PAGE_OFFSET(vabits_actual) - _PAGE_OFFSET(52);

        /*
         * Apply the memory limit if it was set. Since the kernel may be loaded
         * high up in memory, add back the kernel region that must be accessible
         * via the linear mapping.
         */
        if (memory_limit != PHYS_ADDR_MAX) {
                memblock_mem_limit_remove_map(memory_limit);
                memblock_add(__pa_symbol(_text), (u64)(_end - _text));
        }

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD) && phys_initrd_size) {
                /*
                 * Add back the memory we just removed if it results in the
                 * initrd to become inaccessible via the linear mapping.
                 * Otherwise, this is a no-op
                 */
                u64 base = phys_initrd_start & PAGE_MASK;
                u64 size = PAGE_ALIGN(phys_initrd_start + phys_initrd_size) - base;

                /*
                 * We can only add back the initrd memory if we don't end up
                 * with more memory than we can address via the linear mapping.
                 * It is up to the bootloader to position the kernel and the
                 * initrd reasonably close to each other (i.e., within 32 GB of
                 * each other) so that all granule/#levels combinations can
                 * always access both.
                 */
                if (WARN(base < memblock_start_of_DRAM() ||
                         base + size > memblock_start_of_DRAM() +
                                       linear_region_size,
                        "initrd not fully accessible via the linear mapping -- please check your bootloader ...\n")) {
                        phys_initrd_size = 0;
                } else {
                        memblock_add(base, size);
                        memblock_clear_nomap(base, size);
                        memblock_reserve(base, size);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Register the kernel text, kernel data, initrd, and initial
         * pagetables with memblock.
         */
        memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_stext), _end - _stext);
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD) && phys_initrd_size) {
                /* the generic initrd code expects virtual addresses */
                initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
                initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
        }

        early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
}

void __init bootmem_init(void)
{
        unsigned long min, max;

        min = PFN_UP(memblock_start_of_DRAM());
        max = PFN_DOWN(memblock_end_of_DRAM());

        early_memtest(min << PAGE_SHIFT, max << PAGE_SHIFT);

        max_pfn = max_low_pfn = max;
        min_low_pfn = min;

        arch_numa_init();

        /*
         * must be done after arch_numa_init() which calls numa_init() to
         * initialize node_online_map that gets used in hugetlb_cma_reserve()
         * while allocating required CMA size across online nodes.
         */
#if defined(CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE) && defined(CONFIG_CMA)
        arm64_hugetlb_cma_reserve();
#endif

        kvm_hyp_reserve();

        /*
         * sparse_init() tries to allocate memory from memblock, so must be
         * done after the fixed reservations
         */
        sparse_init();
        zone_sizes_init();

        /*
         * Reserve the CMA area after arm64_dma_phys_limit was initialised.
         */
        dma_contiguous_reserve(arm64_dma_phys_limit);

        /*
         * request_standard_resources() depends on crashkernel's memory being
         * reserved, so do it here.
         */
        arch_reserve_crashkernel();

        memblock_dump_all();
}

void __init arch_mm_preinit(void)
{
        unsigned int flags = SWIOTLB_VERBOSE;
        bool swiotlb = max_pfn > PFN_DOWN(arm64_dma_phys_limit);

        if (is_realm_world()) {
                swiotlb = true;
                flags |= SWIOTLB_FORCE;
        }

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DMA_BOUNCE_UNALIGNED_KMALLOC) && !swiotlb) {
                /*
                 * If no bouncing needed for ZONE_DMA, reduce the swiotlb
                 * buffer for kmalloc() bouncing to 1MB per 1GB of RAM.
                 */
                unsigned long size =
                        DIV_ROUND_UP(memblock_phys_mem_size(), 1024);
                swiotlb_adjust_size(min(swiotlb_size_or_default(), size));
                swiotlb = true;
        }

        swiotlb_init(swiotlb, flags);
        swiotlb_update_mem_attributes();

        /*
         * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can be
         * detected at build time already.
         */
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
        BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE_32 > DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW_64);
#endif

        /*
         * Selected page table levels should match when derived from
         * scratch using the virtual address range and page size.
         */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(ARM64_HW_PGTABLE_LEVELS(CONFIG_ARM64_VA_BITS) !=
                     CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS);

        if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
                extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
                /*
                 * On a machine this small we won't get anywhere without
                 * overcommit, so turn it on by default.
                 */
                sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
        }
}

void free_initmem(void)
{
        void *lm_init_begin = lm_alias(__init_begin);
        void *lm_init_end = lm_alias(__init_end);

        WARN_ON(!IS_ALIGNED((unsigned long)lm_init_begin, PAGE_SIZE));
        WARN_ON(!IS_ALIGNED((unsigned long)lm_init_end, PAGE_SIZE));

        /* Delete __init region from memblock.reserved. */
        memblock_free(lm_init_begin, lm_init_end - lm_init_begin);

        free_reserved_area(lm_init_begin, lm_init_end,
                           POISON_FREE_INITMEM, "unused kernel");
        /*
         * Unmap the __init region but leave the VM area in place. This
         * prevents the region from being reused for kernel modules, which
         * is not supported by kallsyms.
         */
        vunmap_range((u64)__init_begin, (u64)__init_end);
}

void dump_mem_limit(void)
{
        if (memory_limit != PHYS_ADDR_MAX) {
                pr_emerg("Memory Limit: %llu MB\n", memory_limit >> 20);
        } else {
                pr_emerg("Memory Limit: none\n");
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_EXECMEM
static u64 module_direct_base __ro_after_init = 0;
static u64 module_plt_base __ro_after_init = 0;

/*
 * Choose a random page-aligned base address for a window of 'size' bytes which
 * entirely contains the interval [start, end - 1].
 */
static u64 __init random_bounding_box(u64 size, u64 start, u64 end)
{
        u64 max_pgoff, pgoff;

        if ((end - start) >= size)
                return 0;

        max_pgoff = (size - (end - start)) / PAGE_SIZE;
        pgoff = get_random_u32_inclusive(0, max_pgoff);

        return start - pgoff * PAGE_SIZE;
}

/*
 * Modules may directly reference data and text anywhere within the kernel
 * image and other modules. References using PREL32 relocations have a +/-2G
 * range, and so we need to ensure that the entire kernel image and all modules
 * fall within a 2G window such that these are always within range.
 *
 * Modules may directly branch to functions and code within the kernel text,
 * and to functions and code within other modules. These branches will use
 * CALL26/JUMP26 relocations with a +/-128M range. Without PLTs, we must ensure
 * that the entire kernel text and all module text falls within a 128M window
 * such that these are always within range. With PLTs, we can expand this to a
 * 2G window.
 *
 * We chose the 128M region to surround the entire kernel image (rather than
 * just the text) as using the same bounds for the 128M and 2G regions ensures
 * by construction that we never select a 128M region that is not a subset of
 * the 2G region. For very large and unusual kernel configurations this means
 * we may fall back to PLTs where they could have been avoided, but this keeps
 * the logic significantly simpler.
 */
static int __init module_init_limits(void)
{
        u64 kernel_end = (u64)_end;
        u64 kernel_start = (u64)_text;
        u64 kernel_size = kernel_end - kernel_start;

        /*
         * The default modules region is placed immediately below the kernel
         * image, and is large enough to use the full 2G relocation range.
         */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(KIMAGE_VADDR != MODULES_END);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(MODULES_VSIZE < SZ_2G);

        if (!kaslr_enabled()) {
                if (kernel_size < SZ_128M)
                        module_direct_base = kernel_end - SZ_128M;
                if (kernel_size < SZ_2G)
                        module_plt_base = kernel_end - SZ_2G;
        } else {
                u64 min = kernel_start;
                u64 max = kernel_end;

                if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MODULE_REGION_FULL)) {
                        pr_info("2G module region forced by RANDOMIZE_MODULE_REGION_FULL\n");
                } else {
                        module_direct_base = random_bounding_box(SZ_128M, min, max);
                        if (module_direct_base) {
                                min = module_direct_base;
                                max = module_direct_base + SZ_128M;
                        }
                }

                module_plt_base = random_bounding_box(SZ_2G, min, max);
        }

        pr_info("%llu pages in range for non-PLT usage",
                module_direct_base ? (SZ_128M - kernel_size) / PAGE_SIZE : 0);
        pr_info("%llu pages in range for PLT usage",
                module_plt_base ? (SZ_2G - kernel_size) / PAGE_SIZE : 0);

        return 0;
}

static struct execmem_info execmem_info __ro_after_init;

struct execmem_info __init *execmem_arch_setup(void)
{
        unsigned long fallback_start = 0, fallback_end = 0;
        unsigned long start = 0, end = 0;

        module_init_limits();

        /*
         * Where possible, prefer to allocate within direct branch range of the
         * kernel such that no PLTs are necessary.
         */
        if (module_direct_base) {
                start = module_direct_base;
                end = module_direct_base + SZ_128M;

                if (module_plt_base) {
                        fallback_start = module_plt_base;
                        fallback_end = module_plt_base + SZ_2G;
                }
        } else if (module_plt_base) {
                start = module_plt_base;
                end = module_plt_base + SZ_2G;
        }

        execmem_info = (struct execmem_info){
                .ranges = {
                        [EXECMEM_DEFAULT] = {
                                .start  = start,
                                .end    = end,
                                .pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL,
                                .alignment = 1,
                                .fallback_start = fallback_start,
                                .fallback_end   = fallback_end,
                        },
                        [EXECMEM_KPROBES] = {
                                .start  = VMALLOC_START,
                                .end    = VMALLOC_END,
                                .pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL_ROX,
                                .alignment = 1,
                        },
                        [EXECMEM_BPF] = {
                                .start  = VMALLOC_START,
                                .end    = VMALLOC_END,
                                .pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL,
                                .alignment = 1,
                        },
                },
        };

        return &execmem_info;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_EXECMEM */