1 How to use packet injection with mac80211
2 =========================================
4 mac80211 now allows arbitrary packets to be injected down any Monitor Mode
5 interface from userland. The packet you inject needs to be composed in the
12 The radiotap format is discussed in
13 ./Documentation/networking/radiotap-headers.txt.
15 Despite many radiotap parameters being currently defined, most only make sense
16 to appear on received packets. The following information is parsed from the
17 radiotap headers and used to control injection:
19 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_FLAGS
21 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FCS: FCS will be removed and recalculated
22 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_WEP: frame will be encrypted if key available
23 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_FRAG: frame will be fragmented if longer than the
24 current fragmentation threshold.
26 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_TX_FLAGS
28 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_F_TX_NOACK: frame should be sent without waiting for
29 an ACK even if it is a unicast frame
31 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE
33 legacy rate for the transmission (only for devices without own rate control)
35 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS
37 HT rate for the transmission (only for devices without own rate control).
38 Also some flags are parsed
40 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_SGI: use short guard interval
41 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS_BW_40: send in HT40 mode
43 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_DATA_RETRIES
45 number of retries when either IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE or
46 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_MCS was used
48 * IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VHT
50 VHT mcs and number of streams used in the transmission (only for devices
51 without own rate control). Also other fields are parsed
54 IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_VHT_FLAG_SGI: use short guard interval
57 1: send using 40MHz channel width
58 4: send using 80MHz channel width
59 11: send using 160MHz channel width
61 The injection code can also skip all other currently defined radiotap fields
62 facilitating replay of captured radiotap headers directly.
64 Here is an example valid radiotap header defining some parameters
66 0x00, 0x00, // <-- radiotap version
67 0x0b, 0x00, // <- radiotap header length
68 0x04, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, // <-- bitmap
73 The ieee80211 header follows immediately afterwards, looking for example like
76 0x08, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
77 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
78 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66,
79 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66,
82 Then lastly there is the payload.
84 After composing the packet contents, it is sent by send()-ing it to a logical
85 mac80211 interface that is in Monitor mode. Libpcap can also be used,
86 (which is easier than doing the work to bind the socket to the right
87 interface), along the following lines:
89 ppcap = pcap_open_live(szInterfaceName, 800, 1, 20, szErrbuf);
91 r = pcap_inject(ppcap, u8aSendBuffer, nLength);
93 You can also find a link to a complete inject application here:
95 http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/packetspammer
97 Andy Green <andy@warmcat.com>