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1da177e4 LT |
1 | |
2 | ||
3 | HOWTO for the linux packet generator | |
4 | ------------------------------------ | |
5 | ||
4e081e0c BH |
6 | Enable CONFIG_NET_PKTGEN to compile and build pktgen either in-kernel |
7 | or as a module. A module is preferred; modprobe pktgen if needed. Once | |
ca5b542c BH |
8 | running, pktgen creates a thread for each CPU with affinity to that CPU. |
9 | Monitoring and controlling is done via /proc. It is easiest to select a | |
10 | suitable sample script and configure that. | |
1da177e4 LT |
11 | |
12 | On a dual CPU: | |
13 | ||
14 | ps aux | grep pkt | |
15 | root 129 0.3 0.0 0 0 ? SW 2003 523:20 [pktgen/0] | |
16 | root 130 0.3 0.0 0 0 ? SW 2003 509:50 [pktgen/1] | |
17 | ||
18 | ||
2fe0ae78 | 19 | For monitoring and control pktgen creates: |
1da177e4 LT |
20 | /proc/net/pktgen/pgctrl |
21 | /proc/net/pktgen/kpktgend_X | |
22 | /proc/net/pktgen/ethX | |
23 | ||
24 | ||
9ceb87fc JDB |
25 | Tuning NIC for max performance |
26 | ============================== | |
27 | ||
ca5b542c | 28 | The default NIC settings are (likely) not tuned for pktgen's artificial |
9ceb87fc JDB |
29 | overload type of benchmarking, as this could hurt the normal use-case. |
30 | ||
31 | Specifically increasing the TX ring buffer in the NIC: | |
32 | # ethtool -G ethX tx 1024 | |
33 | ||
34 | A larger TX ring can improve pktgen's performance, while it can hurt | |
35 | in the general case, 1) because the TX ring buffer might get larger | |
ca5b542c | 36 | than the CPU's L1/L2 cache, 2) because it allows more queueing in the |
9ceb87fc JDB |
37 | NIC HW layer (which is bad for bufferbloat). |
38 | ||
ca5b542c | 39 | One should hesitate to conclude that packets/descriptors in the HW |
9ceb87fc | 40 | TX ring cause delay. Drivers usually delay cleaning up the |
ca5b542c BH |
41 | ring-buffers for various performance reasons, and packets stalling |
42 | the TX ring might just be waiting for cleanup. | |
9ceb87fc | 43 | |
ca5b542c BH |
44 | This cleanup issue is specifically the case for the driver ixgbe |
45 | (Intel 82599 chip). This driver (ixgbe) combines TX+RX ring cleanups, | |
9ceb87fc JDB |
46 | and the cleanup interval is affected by the ethtool --coalesce setting |
47 | of parameter "rx-usecs". | |
48 | ||
ca5b542c | 49 | For ixgbe use e.g. "30" resulting in approx 33K interrupts/sec (1/30*10^6): |
9ceb87fc JDB |
50 | # ethtool -C ethX rx-usecs 30 |
51 | ||
52 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
53 | Viewing threads |
54 | =============== | |
55 | /proc/net/pktgen/kpktgend_0 | |
56 | Name: kpktgend_0 max_before_softirq: 10000 | |
57 | Running: | |
58 | Stopped: eth1 | |
59 | Result: OK: max_before_softirq=10000 | |
60 | ||
ca5b542c BH |
61 | Most important are the devices assigned to the thread. Note that a |
62 | device can only belong to one thread. | |
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63 | |
64 | ||
65 | Viewing devices | |
66 | =============== | |
67 | ||
ca5b542c BH |
68 | The Params section holds configured information. The Current section |
69 | holds running statistics. The Result is printed after a run or after | |
70 | interruption. Example: | |
1da177e4 LT |
71 | |
72 | /proc/net/pktgen/eth1 | |
73 | ||
74 | Params: count 10000000 min_pkt_size: 60 max_pkt_size: 60 | |
75 | frags: 0 delay: 0 clone_skb: 1000000 ifname: eth1 | |
76 | flows: 0 flowlen: 0 | |
77 | dst_min: 10.10.11.2 dst_max: | |
78 | src_min: src_max: | |
79 | src_mac: 00:00:00:00:00:00 dst_mac: 00:04:23:AC:FD:82 | |
80 | udp_src_min: 9 udp_src_max: 9 udp_dst_min: 9 udp_dst_max: 9 | |
81 | src_mac_count: 0 dst_mac_count: 0 | |
82 | Flags: | |
83 | Current: | |
84 | pkts-sofar: 10000000 errors: 39664 | |
85 | started: 1103053986245187us stopped: 1103053999346329us idle: 880401us | |
86 | seq_num: 10000011 cur_dst_mac_offset: 0 cur_src_mac_offset: 0 | |
87 | cur_saddr: 0x10a0a0a cur_daddr: 0x20b0a0a | |
88 | cur_udp_dst: 9 cur_udp_src: 9 | |
89 | flows: 0 | |
90 | Result: OK: 13101142(c12220741+d880401) usec, 10000000 (60byte,0frags) | |
91 | 763292pps 390Mb/sec (390805504bps) errors: 39664 | |
92 | ||
5d3f083d ML |
93 | Configuring threads and devices |
94 | ================================ | |
7c95a9d9 BH |
95 | This is done via the /proc interface, and most easily done via pgset |
96 | as defined in the sample scripts. | |
1da177e4 LT |
97 | |
98 | Examples: | |
99 | ||
100 | pgset "clone_skb 1" sets the number of copies of the same packet | |
101 | pgset "clone_skb 0" use single SKB for all transmits | |
38b2cf29 AS |
102 | pgset "burst 8" uses xmit_more API to queue 8 copies of the same |
103 | packet and update HW tx queue tail pointer once. | |
104 | "burst 1" is the default | |
1da177e4 LT |
105 | pgset "pkt_size 9014" sets packet size to 9014 |
106 | pgset "frags 5" packet will consist of 5 fragments | |
107 | pgset "count 200000" sets number of packets to send, set to zero | |
d0f19d82 | 108 | for continuous sends until explicitly stopped. |
1da177e4 LT |
109 | |
110 | pgset "delay 5000" adds delay to hard_start_xmit(). nanoseconds | |
111 | ||
112 | pgset "dst 10.0.0.1" sets IP destination address | |
113 | (BEWARE! This generator is very aggressive!) | |
114 | ||
115 | pgset "dst_min 10.0.0.1" Same as dst | |
116 | pgset "dst_max 10.0.0.254" Set the maximum destination IP. | |
117 | pgset "src_min 10.0.0.1" Set the minimum (or only) source IP. | |
118 | pgset "src_max 10.0.0.254" Set the maximum source IP. | |
119 | pgset "dst6 fec0::1" IPV6 destination address | |
120 | pgset "src6 fec0::2" IPV6 source address | |
121 | pgset "dstmac 00:00:00:00:00:00" sets MAC destination address | |
122 | pgset "srcmac 00:00:00:00:00:00" sets MAC source address | |
123 | ||
896a7cf8 ED |
124 | pgset "queue_map_min 0" Sets the min value of tx queue interval |
125 | pgset "queue_map_max 7" Sets the max value of tx queue interval, for multiqueue devices | |
126 | To select queue 1 of a given device, | |
127 | use queue_map_min=1 and queue_map_max=1 | |
128 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
129 | pgset "src_mac_count 1" Sets the number of MACs we'll range through. |
130 | The 'minimum' MAC is what you set with srcmac. | |
131 | ||
132 | pgset "dst_mac_count 1" Sets the number of MACs we'll range through. | |
133 | The 'minimum' MAC is what you set with dstmac. | |
134 | ||
135 | pgset "flag [name]" Set a flag to determine behaviour. Current flags | |
72f8e06f MK |
136 | are: IPSRC_RND # IP source is random (between min/max) |
137 | IPDST_RND # IP destination is random | |
138 | UDPSRC_RND, UDPDST_RND, | |
139 | MACSRC_RND, MACDST_RND | |
140 | TXSIZE_RND, IPV6, | |
f0e82fd0 | 141 | MPLS_RND, VID_RND, SVID_RND |
72f8e06f | 142 | FLOW_SEQ, |
896a7cf8 ED |
143 | QUEUE_MAP_RND # queue map random |
144 | QUEUE_MAP_CPU # queue map mirrors smp_processor_id() | |
72f8e06f MK |
145 | UDPCSUM, |
146 | IPSEC # IPsec encapsulation (needs CONFIG_XFRM) | |
147 | NODE_ALLOC # node specific memory allocation | |
896a7cf8 | 148 | |
e5f79d11 | 149 | pgset spi SPI_VALUE Set specific SA used to transform packet. |
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150 | |
151 | pgset "udp_src_min 9" set UDP source port min, If < udp_src_max, then | |
152 | cycle through the port range. | |
153 | ||
154 | pgset "udp_src_max 9" set UDP source port max. | |
155 | pgset "udp_dst_min 9" set UDP destination port min, If < udp_dst_max, then | |
156 | cycle through the port range. | |
157 | pgset "udp_dst_max 9" set UDP destination port max. | |
158 | ||
ca6549af SW |
159 | pgset "mpls 0001000a,0002000a,0000000a" set MPLS labels (in this example |
160 | outer label=16,middle label=32, | |
161 | inner label=0 (IPv4 NULL)) Note that | |
162 | there must be no spaces between the | |
163 | arguments. Leading zeros are required. | |
164 | Do not set the bottom of stack bit, | |
fa00e7e1 | 165 | that's done automatically. If you do |
ca6549af SW |
166 | set the bottom of stack bit, that |
167 | indicates that you want to randomly | |
168 | generate that address and the flag | |
169 | MPLS_RND will be turned on. You | |
170 | can have any mix of random and fixed | |
171 | labels in the label stack. | |
172 | ||
173 | pgset "mpls 0" turn off mpls (or any invalid argument works too!) | |
174 | ||
f0e82fd0 FF |
175 | pgset "vlan_id 77" set VLAN ID 0-4095 |
176 | pgset "vlan_p 3" set priority bit 0-7 (default 0) | |
177 | pgset "vlan_cfi 0" set canonical format identifier 0-1 (default 0) | |
178 | ||
179 | pgset "svlan_id 22" set SVLAN ID 0-4095 | |
180 | pgset "svlan_p 3" set priority bit 0-7 (default 0) | |
181 | pgset "svlan_cfi 0" set canonical format identifier 0-1 (default 0) | |
182 | ||
183 | pgset "vlan_id 9999" > 4095 remove vlan and svlan tags | |
184 | pgset "svlan 9999" > 4095 remove svlan tag | |
185 | ||
186 | ||
187 | pgset "tos XX" set former IPv4 TOS field (e.g. "tos 28" for AF11 no ECN, default 00) | |
188 | pgset "traffic_class XX" set former IPv6 TRAFFIC CLASS (e.g. "traffic_class B8" for EF no ECN, default 00) | |
189 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
190 | pgset stop aborts injection. Also, ^C aborts generator. |
191 | ||
43d28b65 DT |
192 | pgset "rate 300M" set rate to 300 Mb/s |
193 | pgset "ratep 1000000" set rate to 1Mpps | |
1da177e4 | 194 | |
7c95a9d9 BH |
195 | Sample scripts |
196 | ============== | |
1da177e4 | 197 | |
7c95a9d9 BH |
198 | A collection of small tutorial scripts for pktgen is in the |
199 | samples/pktgen directory: | |
1da177e4 LT |
200 | |
201 | pktgen.conf-1-1 # 1 CPU 1 dev | |
202 | pktgen.conf-1-2 # 1 CPU 2 dev | |
203 | pktgen.conf-2-1 # 2 CPU's 1 dev | |
204 | pktgen.conf-2-2 # 2 CPU's 2 dev | |
205 | pktgen.conf-1-1-rdos # 1 CPU 1 dev w. route DoS | |
206 | pktgen.conf-1-1-ip6 # 1 CPU 1 dev ipv6 | |
207 | pktgen.conf-1-1-ip6-rdos # 1 CPU 1 dev ipv6 w. route DoS | |
208 | pktgen.conf-1-1-flows # 1 CPU 1 dev multiple flows. | |
209 | ||
ca5b542c BH |
210 | Run in shell: ./pktgen.conf-X-Y |
211 | This does all the setup including sending. | |
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212 | |
213 | ||
214 | Interrupt affinity | |
215 | =================== | |
ca5b542c BH |
216 | Note that when adding devices to a specific CPU it is a good idea to |
217 | also assign /proc/irq/XX/smp_affinity so that the TX interrupts are bound | |
218 | to the same CPU. This reduces cache bouncing when freeing skbs. | |
1da177e4 | 219 | |
e5f79d11 FD |
220 | Enable IPsec |
221 | ============ | |
ca5b542c BH |
222 | Default IPsec transformation with ESP encapsulation plus transport mode |
223 | can be enabled by simply setting: | |
e5f79d11 FD |
224 | |
225 | pgset "flag IPSEC" | |
226 | pgset "flows 1" | |
227 | ||
228 | To avoid breaking existing testbed scripts for using AH type and tunnel mode, | |
ca5b542c | 229 | you can use "pgset spi SPI_VALUE" to specify which transformation mode |
e5f79d11 FD |
230 | to employ. |
231 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
232 | |
233 | Current commands and configuration options | |
234 | ========================================== | |
235 | ||
236 | ** Pgcontrol commands: | |
237 | ||
238 | start | |
239 | stop | |
240 | ||
241 | ** Thread commands: | |
242 | ||
243 | add_device | |
244 | rem_device_all | |
245 | max_before_softirq | |
246 | ||
247 | ||
248 | ** Device commands: | |
249 | ||
250 | count | |
251 | clone_skb | |
252 | debug | |
253 | ||
254 | frags | |
255 | delay | |
256 | ||
257 | src_mac_count | |
258 | dst_mac_count | |
259 | ||
260 | pkt_size | |
261 | min_pkt_size | |
262 | max_pkt_size | |
263 | ||
ca6549af SW |
264 | mpls |
265 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
266 | udp_src_min |
267 | udp_src_max | |
268 | ||
269 | udp_dst_min | |
270 | udp_dst_max | |
271 | ||
272 | flag | |
273 | IPSRC_RND | |
1da177e4 LT |
274 | IPDST_RND |
275 | UDPSRC_RND | |
276 | UDPDST_RND | |
277 | MACSRC_RND | |
278 | MACDST_RND | |
72f8e06f MK |
279 | TXSIZE_RND |
280 | IPV6 | |
281 | MPLS_RND | |
282 | VID_RND | |
283 | SVID_RND | |
284 | FLOW_SEQ | |
285 | QUEUE_MAP_RND | |
286 | QUEUE_MAP_CPU | |
287 | UDPCSUM | |
e5f79d11 | 288 | IPSEC |
72f8e06f | 289 | NODE_ALLOC |
1da177e4 LT |
290 | |
291 | dst_min | |
292 | dst_max | |
293 | ||
294 | src_min | |
295 | src_max | |
296 | ||
297 | dst_mac | |
298 | src_mac | |
299 | ||
300 | clear_counters | |
301 | ||
302 | dst6 | |
303 | src6 | |
304 | ||
305 | flows | |
306 | flowlen | |
307 | ||
43d28b65 DT |
308 | rate |
309 | ratep | |
310 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
311 | References: |
312 | ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/pktgen-testing/ | |
313 | ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/pktgen-testing/examples/ | |
314 | ||
315 | Paper from Linux-Kongress in Erlangen 2004. | |
316 | ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/pktgen-testing/pktgen_paper.pdf | |
317 | ||
318 | Thanks to: | |
319 | Grant Grundler for testing on IA-64 and parisc, Harald Welte, Lennert Buytenhek | |
320 | Stephen Hemminger, Andi Kleen, Dave Miller and many others. | |
321 | ||
322 | ||
ca6549af | 323 | Good luck with the linux net-development. |