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1 | Intro |
2 | ===== | |
3 | ||
4 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
5 | software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief | |
6 | instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when | |
7 | trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x | |
8 | kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for | |
9 | additional information; most of that information will not be repeated | |
10 | here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already | |
11 | functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels. | |
12 | ||
13 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
14 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
15 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
16 | 'net). | |
17 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
18 | Current Minimal Requirements |
19 | ============================ | |
20 | ||
21 | Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've | |
22 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently | |
23 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
24 | ||
25 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already | |
26 | functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are | |
5085cb26 DB |
27 | necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN |
28 | hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with | |
29 | isdn4k-utils. | |
1da177e4 | 30 | |
a1365647 | 31 | o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version |
2185a5ec | 32 | o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version |
1da177e4 LT |
33 | o binutils 2.12 # ld -v |
34 | o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version | |
35 | o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V | |
242f45da | 36 | o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V |
1da177e4 LT |
37 | o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V |
38 | o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs | |
39 | o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V | |
242f45da BN |
40 | o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version |
41 | o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck | |
e4121712 | 42 | o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V |
1da177e4 LT |
43 | o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
44 | o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version | |
45 | o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version | |
46 | o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version | |
47 | o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version | |
0c0a400d | 48 | o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version |
e4121712 | 49 | o udev 081 # udevinfo -V |
c3887cd7 | 50 | o grub 0.93 # grub --version |
172d899d | 51 | o mcelog 0.6 |
1da177e4 LT |
52 | |
53 | Kernel compilation | |
54 | ================== | |
55 | ||
56 | GCC | |
57 | --- | |
58 | ||
59 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 60 | computer. |
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61 | |
62 | Make | |
63 | ---- | |
64 | ||
2185a5ec | 65 | You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel. |
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66 | |
67 | Binutils | |
68 | -------- | |
69 | ||
70 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for | |
71 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile | |
72 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent | |
73 | release of binutils. | |
74 | ||
75 | System utilities | |
76 | ================ | |
77 | ||
78 | Architectural changes | |
79 | --------------------- | |
80 | ||
81 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
82 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) | |
83 | ||
84 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
85 | ||
86 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
87 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
88 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the | |
89 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook | |
90 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, | |
91 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from | |
92 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as | |
93 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. | |
94 | ||
95 | Util-linux | |
96 | ---------- | |
97 | ||
98 | New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, | |
99 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition | |
100 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
101 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
102 | ||
103 | Ksymoops | |
104 | -------- | |
105 | ||
62a07e6e JJ |
106 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
107 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
108 | In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with | |
109 | CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is | |
110 | (this also produces better output than ksymoops). | |
111 | If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and | |
112 | you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then | |
113 | you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops. | |
1da177e4 LT |
114 | |
115 | Module-Init-Tools | |
116 | ----------------- | |
117 | ||
118 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools | |
119 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. | |
120 | ||
121 | Mkinitrd | |
122 | -------- | |
123 | ||
124 | These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that | |
125 | mkinitrd be upgraded. | |
126 | ||
127 | E2fsprogs | |
128 | --------- | |
129 | ||
130 | The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and | |
131 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. | |
132 | ||
133 | JFSutils | |
134 | -------- | |
135 | ||
136 | The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. | |
137 | The following utilities are available: | |
138 | o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
139 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. | |
140 | o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
141 | o other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
142 | ||
143 | Reiserfsprogs | |
144 | ------------- | |
145 | ||
146 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
147 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
148 | versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and | |
149 | reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
150 | ||
151 | Xfsprogs | |
152 | -------- | |
153 | ||
154 | The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the | |
155 | xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
156 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should | |
157 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
158 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
159 | ||
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160 | PCMCIAutils |
161 | ----------- | |
162 | ||
163 | PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up | |
164 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules | |
165 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
166 | subsystem is used. | |
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167 | |
168 | Pcmcia-cs | |
169 | --------- | |
170 | ||
171 | PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main | |
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172 | kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs |
173 | for newest kernels. | |
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174 | |
175 | Quota-tools | |
176 | ----------- | |
177 | ||
178 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
179 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
180 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
181 | from the table above. | |
182 | ||
183 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
184 | -------------------- | |
185 | ||
186 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
890fbae2 GKH |
187 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
188 | udev you may need to: | |
1da177e4 LT |
189 | |
190 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
191 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
192 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
193 | ||
194 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
195 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
196 | ||
197 | Powertweak | |
198 | ---------- | |
199 | ||
200 | If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to | |
201 | version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems | |
202 | with programs using shared memory. | |
203 | ||
204 | udev | |
205 | ---- | |
206 | udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with | |
890fbae2 | 207 | only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic |
03a67a46 | 208 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
890fbae2 | 209 | devices. |
1da177e4 | 210 | |
909021ea MS |
211 | FUSE |
212 | ---- | |
213 | ||
214 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
215 | options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. | |
216 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
217 | Networking |
218 | ========== | |
219 | ||
220 | General changes | |
221 | --------------- | |
222 | ||
223 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
224 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
225 | ||
226 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
227 | ------------------- | |
228 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
229 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
230 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
231 | ||
232 | PPP | |
233 | --- | |
234 | ||
235 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
236 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
237 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
238 | ||
890fbae2 | 239 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
1da177e4 LT |
240 | which can be made by: |
241 | ||
242 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
243 | ||
244 | as root. | |
245 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
246 | Isdn4k-utils |
247 | ------------ | |
248 | ||
249 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils | |
250 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. | |
251 | ||
252 | NFS-utils | |
253 | --------- | |
254 | ||
255 | In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any | |
256 | client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
257 | information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client | |
258 | mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs | |
259 | would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. | |
260 | ||
261 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
262 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
263 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from | |
264 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. | |
265 | ||
266 | With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it | |
267 | gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate | |
268 | export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on | |
269 | rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently | |
270 | active clients. | |
271 | ||
272 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: | |
273 | ||
e4121712 | 274 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
1da177e4 LT |
275 | |
276 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
277 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
278 | that is possible. | |
279 | ||
172d899d AK |
280 | mcelog |
281 | ------ | |
282 | ||
283 | In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility | |
284 | as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log | |
285 | machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check | |
286 | events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. | |
287 | All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to | |
288 | process machine checks. | |
289 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
290 | Getting updated software |
291 | ======================== | |
292 | ||
293 | Kernel compilation | |
294 | ****************** | |
295 | ||
a1365647 AM |
296 | gcc |
297 | --- | |
298 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
299 | |
300 | Make | |
301 | ---- | |
302 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
303 | ||
304 | Binutils | |
305 | -------- | |
306 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> | |
307 | ||
308 | System utilities | |
309 | **************** | |
310 | ||
311 | Util-linux | |
312 | ---------- | |
313 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> | |
314 | ||
315 | Ksymoops | |
316 | -------- | |
317 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> | |
318 | ||
319 | Module-Init-Tools | |
320 | ----------------- | |
321 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> | |
322 | ||
323 | Mkinitrd | |
324 | -------- | |
325 | o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/> | |
326 | ||
327 | E2fsprogs | |
328 | --------- | |
329 | o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> | |
330 | ||
331 | JFSutils | |
332 | -------- | |
333 | o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
334 | ||
335 | Reiserfsprogs | |
336 | ------------- | |
337 | o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz> | |
338 | ||
339 | Xfsprogs | |
340 | -------- | |
341 | o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/> | |
342 | ||
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343 | Pcmciautils |
344 | ----------- | |
345 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> | |
346 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
347 | Pcmcia-cs |
348 | --------- | |
5085cb26 | 349 | o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/> |
1da177e4 LT |
350 | |
351 | Quota-tools | |
352 | ---------- | |
353 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
354 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
355 | DocBook Stylesheets |
356 | ------------------- | |
357 | o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/> | |
358 | ||
8b0c2d98 MW |
359 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
360 | ------------------- | |
361 | o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> | |
362 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
363 | Intel P6 microcode |
364 | ------------------ | |
365 | o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/> | |
366 | ||
367 | Powertweak | |
368 | ---------- | |
369 | o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/> | |
370 | ||
371 | udev | |
372 | ---- | |
373 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html> | |
374 | ||
909021ea MS |
375 | FUSE |
376 | ---- | |
377 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> | |
378 | ||
172d899d AK |
379 | mcelog |
380 | ------ | |
381 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/> | |
382 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
383 | Networking |
384 | ********** | |
385 | ||
386 | PPP | |
387 | --- | |
388 | o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz> | |
389 | ||
390 | Isdn4k-utils | |
391 | ------------ | |
392 | o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz> | |
393 | ||
394 | NFS-utils | |
395 | --------- | |
396 | o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
397 | ||
398 | Iptables | |
399 | -------- | |
400 | o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> | |
401 | ||
402 | Ip-route2 | |
403 | --------- | |
404 | o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz> | |
405 | ||
406 | OProfile | |
407 | -------- | |
408 | o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
409 | ||
410 | NFS-Utils | |
411 | --------- | |
412 | o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
413 |