[PATCH] fio: 'directory' option debug kill
[disktools.git] / fio.c
diff --git a/fio.c b/fio.c
index f8bfef21595ba25695c7bf0f60ab332bb8d361f2..038c18c7e01a4026516bfe51d2482d2fbb4f4c2e 100644 (file)
--- a/fio.c
+++ b/fio.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <libaio.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <semaphore.h>
 #include <sys/ipc.h>
 #include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
 #include <asm/types.h>
+#include <asm/bitops.h>
 
+#include "arch.h"
 #include "list.h"
 #include "md5.h"
 
-#define MAX_JOBS       (1024)
-
-/*
- * assume we don't have _get either, if _set isn't defined
- */
-#ifndef __NR_ioprio_set
-#if defined(__i386__)
-#define __NR_ioprio_set                289
-#define __NR_ioprio_get                290
-#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
-#define __NR_ioprio_set                273
-#define __NR_ioprio_get                274
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-#define __NR_ioprio_set                251
-#define __NR_ioprio_get                252
-#elif defined(__ia64__)
-#define __NR_ioprio_set                1274
-#define __NR_ioprio_get                1275
-#elif defined(__alpha__)
-#define __NR_ioprio_set                442
-#define __NR_ioprio_get                443
-#elif defined(__s390x__) || defined(__s390__)
-#define __NR_ioprio_set                282
-#define __NR_ioprio_get                283
-#else
-#error "Unsupported arch"
-#endif
+#ifndef BLKGETSIZE64
+#define BLKGETSIZE64   _IOR(0x12,114,size_t)
 #endif
 
-#ifndef __NR_fadvise64
-#if defined(__i386__)
-#define __NR_fadvise64         250
-#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
-#define __NR_fadvise64         233
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-#define __NR_fadvise64         221
-#elif defined(__ia64__)
-#define __NR_fadvise64         1234
-#elif defined(__alpha__)
-#define __NR_fadvise64         413
-#elif defined(__s390x__) || defined(__s390__)
-#define __NR_fadvise64         253
-#else
-#error "Unsupported arch"
-#endif
-#endif
+#define MAX_JOBS       (1024)
 
 static int ioprio_set(int which, int who, int ioprio)
 {
@@ -119,7 +82,7 @@ enum {
 #define MASK   (4095)
 
 #define DEF_BS         (4096)
-#define DEF_TIMEOUT    (30)
+#define DEF_TIMEOUT    (0)
 #define DEF_RATE_CYCLE (1000)
 #define DEF_ODIRECT    (1)
 #define DEF_SEQUENTIAL (1)
@@ -134,6 +97,8 @@ enum {
 #define DEF_CREATE_FSYNC       (1)
 #define DEF_LOOPS      (1)
 #define DEF_VERIFY     (0)
+#define DEF_STONEWALL  (0)
+#define DEF_NUMJOBS    (1)
 
 #define ALIGN(buf)     (char *) (((unsigned long) (buf) + MASK) & ~(MASK))
 
@@ -223,10 +188,17 @@ struct verify_header {
 };
 
 #define td_read(td)            ((td)->ddir == DDIR_READ)
-#define should_fsync(td)       (!td_read(td) && !(td)->odirect)
+#define td_write(td)           ((td)->ddir == DDIR_WRITE)
+#define should_fsync(td)       (td_write(td) && !(td)->odirect)
+
+#define BLOCKS_PER_MAP         (8 * sizeof(long))
+#define TO_MAP_BLOCK(td, b)    ((b) - ((td)->file_offset / (td)->min_bs))
+#define RAND_MAP_IDX(td, b)    (TO_MAP_BLOCK(td, b) / BLOCKS_PER_MAP)
+#define RAND_MAP_BIT(td, b)    (TO_MAP_BLOCK(td, b) & (BLOCKS_PER_MAP - 1))
 
 struct thread_data {
        char file_name[256];
+       char directory[256];
        int thread_number;
        int error;
        int fd;
@@ -259,6 +231,8 @@ struct thread_data {
        unsigned int sync_io;
        unsigned int mem_type;
        unsigned int verify;
+       unsigned int stonewall;
+       unsigned int numjobs;
        cpu_set_t cpumask;
 
        struct drand48_data bsrange_state;
@@ -281,18 +255,21 @@ struct thread_data {
        unsigned int ratecycle;
        unsigned long rate_usec_cycle;
        long rate_pending_usleep;
-       unsigned long rate_sectors;
+       unsigned long rate_bytes;
        struct timeval lastrate;
 
        unsigned long runtime;          /* sec */
-       unsigned long sectors;
+       unsigned long long io_size;
 
        unsigned long io_blocks;
-       unsigned long io_sectors;
-       unsigned long this_io_sectors;
-       unsigned long last_sectors;
+       unsigned long io_bytes;
+       unsigned long this_io_bytes;
+       unsigned long last_bytes;
        sem_t mutex;
+
        struct drand48_data random_state;
+       unsigned long *file_map;
+       unsigned int num_maps;
 
        /*
         * bandwidth and latency stats
@@ -301,13 +278,15 @@ struct thread_data {
        struct io_stat slat_stat;               /* submission latency */
 
        struct io_stat bw_stat;                 /* bandwidth stats */
-       unsigned long stat_io_sectors;
+       unsigned long stat_io_bytes;
        struct timeval stat_sample_time;
 
        struct io_log *lat_log;
        struct io_log *bw_log;
 
        struct timeval start;
+       struct rusage ru_start;
+       struct rusage ru_end;
 
        struct list_head io_hist_list;
 };
@@ -332,7 +311,7 @@ static void sig_handler(int sig)
 static int init_random_state(struct thread_data *td)
 {
        unsigned long seed;
-       int fd;
+       int fd, num_maps, blocks;
 
        fd = open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY);
        if (fd == -1) {
@@ -357,6 +336,12 @@ static int init_random_state(struct thread_data *td)
        if (repeatable)
                seed = DEF_RANDSEED;
 
+       blocks = (td->io_size + td->min_bs - 1) / td->min_bs;
+       num_maps = blocks / BLOCKS_PER_MAP;
+       td->file_map = malloc(num_maps * sizeof(long));
+       td->num_maps = num_maps;
+       memset(td->file_map, 0, num_maps * sizeof(long));
+
        srand48_r(seed, &td->random_state);
        return 0;
 }
@@ -377,6 +362,14 @@ static unsigned long utime_since(struct timeval *s, struct timeval *e)
        return sec + usec;
 }
 
+static unsigned long utime_since_now(struct timeval *s)
+{
+       struct timeval t;
+
+       gettimeofday(&t, NULL);
+       return utime_since(s, &t);
+}
+
 static unsigned long mtime_since(struct timeval *s, struct timeval *e)
 {
        double sec, usec;
@@ -407,22 +400,86 @@ static inline unsigned long msec_now(struct timeval *s)
        return s->tv_sec * 1000 + s->tv_usec / 1000;
 }
 
-static unsigned long long get_next_offset(struct thread_data *td)
+static int random_map_free(struct thread_data *td, unsigned long long block)
+{
+       unsigned int idx = RAND_MAP_IDX(td, block);
+       unsigned int bit = RAND_MAP_BIT(td, block);
+
+       return (td->file_map[idx] & (1UL << bit)) == 0;
+}
+
+static int get_next_free_block(struct thread_data *td, unsigned long long *b)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       *b = 0;
+       i = 0;
+       while ((*b) * td->min_bs < td->io_size) {
+               if (td->file_map[i] != -1UL) {
+                       *b += ffz(td->file_map[i]);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               *b += BLOCKS_PER_MAP;
+               i++;
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+static void mark_random_map(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 {
-       unsigned long long kb;
+       unsigned long block = io_u->offset / td->min_bs;
+       unsigned int blocks = 0;
+
+       while (blocks < (io_u->buflen / td->min_bs)) {
+               int idx, bit;
+
+               if (!random_map_free(td, block))
+                       break;
+
+               idx = RAND_MAP_IDX(td, block);
+               bit = RAND_MAP_BIT(td, block);
+
+               assert(idx < td->num_maps);
+
+               td->file_map[idx] |= (1UL << bit);
+               block++;
+               blocks++;
+       }
+
+       if ((blocks * td->min_bs) < io_u->buflen)
+               io_u->buflen = blocks * td->min_bs;
+}
+
+static int get_next_offset(struct thread_data *td, unsigned long long *offset)
+{
+       unsigned long long b, rb;
        long r;
 
        if (!td->sequential) {
-               int min_bs_kb = td->min_bs >> 10;
-               unsigned long max_kb = td->sectors << 1;
-
-               lrand48_r(&td->random_state, &r);
-               kb = (1+(double) (max_kb-1) * r / (RAND_MAX+1.0));
-               kb = (kb + min_bs_kb - 1) & ~(min_bs_kb - 1);
+               unsigned long max_blocks = td->io_size / td->min_bs;
+               int loops = 50;
+
+               do {
+                       lrand48_r(&td->random_state, &r);
+                       b = ((max_blocks - 1) * r / (RAND_MAX+1.0));
+                       rb = b + (td->file_offset / td->min_bs);
+                       loops--;
+               } while (!random_map_free(td, rb) && loops);
+
+               if (!loops) {
+                       if (get_next_free_block(td, &b))
+                               return 1;
+               }
        } else
-               kb = td->last_sectors << 1;
+               b = td->last_bytes / td->min_bs;
+
+       *offset = (b * td->min_bs) + td->file_offset;
+       if (*offset > td->file_size)
+               return 1;
 
-       return (kb << 10) + td->file_offset;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static unsigned int get_next_buflen(struct thread_data *td)
@@ -438,10 +495,9 @@ static unsigned int get_next_buflen(struct thread_data *td)
                buflen = (buflen + td->min_bs - 1) & ~(td->min_bs - 1);
        }
 
-       if (buflen > ((td->sectors - td->this_io_sectors) << 9))
-               buflen = (td->sectors - td->this_io_sectors) << 9;
+       if (buflen > td->io_size - td->this_io_bytes)
+               buflen = td->io_size - td->this_io_bytes;
 
-       td->last_sectors += buflen >> 9;
        return buflen;
 }
 
@@ -494,14 +550,26 @@ static void add_bw_sample(struct thread_data *td)
        if (spent < td->bw_avg_time)
                return;
 
-       rate = ((td->this_io_sectors - td->stat_io_sectors) << 9) / spent;
+       rate = (td->this_io_bytes - td->stat_io_bytes) / spent;
        add_stat_sample(td, &td->bw_stat, rate);
 
        if (td->bw_log)
                add_log_sample(td, td->bw_log, rate);
 
        gettimeofday(&td->stat_sample_time, NULL);
-       td->stat_io_sectors = td->this_io_sectors;
+       td->stat_io_bytes = td->this_io_bytes;
+}
+
+/*
+ * busy looping version for the last few usec
+ */
+static void __usec_sleep(int usec)
+{
+       struct timeval start;
+
+       gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
+       while (utime_since_now(&start) < usec)
+                __asm__ __volatile__("rep;nop": : :"memory");
 }
 
 static void usec_sleep(int usec)
@@ -510,12 +578,17 @@ static void usec_sleep(int usec)
        struct timespec rem;
 
        do {
+               if (usec < 5000) {
+                       __usec_sleep(usec);
+                       break;
+               }
                rem.tv_sec = rem.tv_nsec = 0;
                nanosleep(&req, &rem);
                if (!rem.tv_nsec)
                        break;
 
                req.tv_nsec = rem.tv_nsec;
+               usec = rem.tv_nsec * 1000;
        } while (1);
 }
 
@@ -558,12 +631,12 @@ static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now)
        /*
         * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
         */
-       if (td->rate_sectors) {
+       if (td->rate_bytes) {
                spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate, now);
                if (spent < td->ratecycle)
                        return 0;
 
-               rate = ((td->this_io_sectors - td->rate_sectors) << 9) / spent;
+               rate = (td->this_io_bytes - td->rate_bytes) / spent;
                if (rate < td->ratemin) {
                        printf("Client%d: min rate %d not met, got %ldKiB/sec\n", td->thread_number, td->ratemin, rate);
                        if (rate_quit)
@@ -572,13 +645,15 @@ static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now)
                }
        }
 
-       td->rate_sectors = td->this_io_sectors;
+       td->rate_bytes = td->this_io_bytes;
        memcpy(&td->lastrate, now, sizeof(*now));
        return 0;
 }
 
 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 {
+       if (!td->timeout)
+               return 0;
        if (mtime_since(&td->start, t) >= td->timeout * 1000)
                return 1;
 
@@ -609,11 +684,22 @@ static void fill_random_bytes(struct thread_data *td,
        }
 }
 
+static void hexdump(void *buffer, int len)
+{
+       unsigned char *p = buffer;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+               printf("%02x", p[i]);
+       printf("\n");
+}
+
 static int verify_io_u(struct io_u *io_u)
 {
        struct verify_header *hdr = (struct verify_header *) io_u->buf;
        unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) io_u->buf;
        struct md5_ctx md5_ctx;
+       int ret;
 
        if (hdr->fio_magic != FIO_HDR_MAGIC)
                return 1;
@@ -622,7 +708,13 @@ static int verify_io_u(struct io_u *io_u)
        p += sizeof(*hdr);
        md5_update(&md5_ctx, p, hdr->len - sizeof(*hdr));
 
-       return memcmp(hdr->md5_digest, md5_ctx.hash, sizeof(md5_ctx.hash));
+       ret = memcmp(hdr->md5_digest, md5_ctx.hash, sizeof(md5_ctx.hash));
+       if (ret) {
+               hexdump(hdr->md5_digest, sizeof(hdr->md5_digest));
+               hexdump(md5_ctx.hash, sizeof(md5_ctx.hash));
+       }
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -677,14 +769,26 @@ static struct io_u *get_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
        if (!io_u)
                return NULL;
 
-       io_u->offset = get_next_offset(td);
+       if (get_next_offset(td, &io_u->offset)) {
+               put_io_u(td, io_u);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
        io_u->buflen = get_next_buflen(td);
        if (!io_u->buflen) {
                put_io_u(td, io_u);
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       if (!td_read(td) && td->verify)
+       if (io_u->buflen + io_u->offset > td->file_size)
+               io_u->buflen = td->file_size - io_u->offset;
+
+       if (!td->sequential)
+               mark_random_map(td, io_u);
+
+       td->last_bytes += io_u->buflen;
+
+       if (td->verify)
                populate_io_u(td, io_u);
 
        if (td->use_aio) {
@@ -721,6 +825,54 @@ static int get_next_verify(struct thread_data *td,
        return 0;
 }
 
+static void prune_io_piece_log(struct thread_data *td)
+{
+       struct io_piece *ipo;
+
+       while (!list_empty(&td->io_hist_list)) {
+               ipo = list_entry(td->io_hist_list.next, struct io_piece, list);
+
+               list_del(&ipo->list);
+               free(ipo);
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * log a succesful write, so we can unwind the log for verify
+ */
+static void log_io_piece(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
+{
+       struct io_piece *ipo = malloc(sizeof(struct io_piece));
+       struct list_head *entry;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ipo->list);
+       ipo->offset = io_u->offset;
+       ipo->len = io_u->buflen;
+
+       /*
+        * for random io where the writes extend the file, it will typically
+        * be laid out with the block scattered as written. it's faster to
+        * read them in in that order again, so don't sort
+        */
+       if (td->sequential || !td->overwrite) {
+               list_add_tail(&ipo->list, &td->io_hist_list);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * for random io, sort the list so verify will run faster
+        */
+       entry = &td->io_hist_list;
+       while ((entry = entry->prev) != &td->io_hist_list) {
+               struct io_piece *__ipo = list_entry(entry, struct io_piece, list);
+
+               if (__ipo->offset < ipo->offset)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       list_add(&ipo->list, entry);
+}
+
 static void do_sync_verify(struct thread_data *td)
 {
        struct timeval t;
@@ -732,9 +884,7 @@ static void do_sync_verify(struct thread_data *td)
        io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 
        if (!td->odirect) {
-               unsigned long size = td->sectors << 9;
-
-               if (fadvise(td->fd, 0, size, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) < 0) {
+               if (fadvise(td->fd, td->file_offset, td->io_size, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) < 0) {
                        td->error = errno;
                        goto out;
                }
@@ -780,50 +930,13 @@ out:
        put_io_u(td, io_u);
 }
 
-/*
- * log a succesful write, so we can unwind the log for verify
- */
-static void log_io_piece(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
-{
-       struct io_piece *ipo = malloc(sizeof(*ipo));
-       struct list_head *entry;
-
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ipo->list);
-       ipo->offset = io_u->offset;
-       ipo->len = io_u->buflen;
-
-       if (td->sequential) {
-               list_add_tail(&ipo->list, &td->io_hist_list);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * for random io, sort the list so verify will run faster
-        */
-       entry = &td->io_hist_list;
-       while ((entry = entry->prev) != &td->io_hist_list) {
-               struct io_piece *__ipo = list_entry(entry, struct io_piece, list);
-
-               if (__ipo->offset == ipo->offset &&
-                   __ipo->len == ipo->len) {
-                       free(ipo);
-                       ipo = NULL;
-                       break;
-               } else if (__ipo->offset < ipo->offset)
-                       break;
-       }
-
-       if (ipo)
-               list_add(&ipo->list, entry);
-}
-
 static void do_sync_io(struct thread_data *td)
 {
        unsigned long msec, usec;
        struct io_u *io_u = NULL;
        struct timeval e;
 
-       while (td->this_io_sectors < td->sectors) {
+       while (td->this_io_bytes < td->io_size) {
                int ret;
 
                if (td->terminate)
@@ -851,12 +964,12 @@ static void do_sync_io(struct thread_data *td)
                        break;
                }
 
-               if (!td_read(td))
+               if (td_write(td))
                        log_io_piece(td, io_u);
 
                td->io_blocks++;
-               td->io_sectors += io_u->buflen >> 9;
-               td->this_io_sectors += io_u->buflen >> 9;
+               td->io_bytes += io_u->buflen;
+               td->this_io_bytes += io_u->buflen;
                td->cur_off = io_u->offset + io_u->buflen;
 
                gettimeofday(&e, NULL);
@@ -895,6 +1008,20 @@ static void do_sync_io(struct thread_data *td)
                fsync(td->fd);
 }
 
+static int io_u_getevents(struct thread_data *td, int min, int max,
+                         struct timespec *t)
+{
+       int r;
+
+       do {
+               r = io_getevents(td->aio_ctx, min, max, td->aio_events, t);
+               if (r != -EAGAIN && r != -EINTR)
+                       break;
+       } while (1);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
 static int io_u_queue(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
 {
        struct iocb *iocb = &io_u->iocb;
@@ -904,9 +1031,9 @@ static int io_u_queue(struct thread_data *td, struct io_u *io_u)
                ret = io_submit(td->aio_ctx, 1, &iocb);
                if (ret == 1)
                        return 0;
-               else if (ret == EAGAIN)
+               else if (ret == -EAGAIN)
                        usleep(100);
-               else if (ret == EINTR)
+               else if (ret == -EINTR)
                        continue;
                else
                        break;
@@ -931,15 +1058,15 @@ static int ios_completed(struct thread_data *td, int nr)
                io_u = ev_to_iou(td->aio_events + i);
 
                td->io_blocks++;
-               td->io_sectors += io_u->buflen >> 9;
-               td->this_io_sectors += io_u->buflen >> 9;
+               td->io_bytes += io_u->buflen;
+               td->this_io_bytes += io_u->buflen;
 
                msec = mtime_since(&io_u->issue_time, &e);
 
                add_clat_sample(td, msec);
                add_bw_sample(td);
 
-               if (!td_read(td))
+               if (td_write(td))
                        log_io_piece(td, io_u);
 
                bytes_done += io_u->buflen;
@@ -959,7 +1086,7 @@ static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
        /*
         * get immediately available events, if any
         */
-       r = io_getevents(td->aio_ctx, 0, td->cur_depth, td->aio_events, &ts);
+       r = io_u_getevents(td, 0, td->cur_depth, &ts);
        if (r > 0)
                ios_completed(td, r);
 
@@ -975,7 +1102,7 @@ static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
        }
 
        if (td->cur_depth) {
-               r = io_getevents(td->aio_ctx, td->cur_depth, td->cur_depth, td->aio_events, NULL);
+               r = io_u_getevents(td, td->cur_depth, td->cur_depth, NULL);
                if (r > 0)
                        ios_completed(td, r);
        }
@@ -1035,7 +1162,7 @@ static void do_async_verify(struct thread_data *td)
                if (async_do_verify(td, &v_io_u))
                        break;
 
-               ret = io_getevents(td->aio_ctx, 1, 1, td->aio_events, NULL);
+               ret = io_u_getevents(td, 1, 1, NULL);
                if (ret != 1) {
                        if (ret < 0)
                                td->error = ret;
@@ -1067,7 +1194,7 @@ static void do_async_io(struct thread_data *td)
        struct timeval s, e;
        unsigned long usec;
 
-       while (td->this_io_sectors < td->sectors) {
+       while (td->this_io_bytes < td->io_size) {
                struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0};
                struct timespec *timeout;
                int ret, min_evts = 0;
@@ -1100,9 +1227,9 @@ static void do_async_io(struct thread_data *td)
                        min_evts = 1;
                }
 
-               ret = io_getevents(td->aio_ctx, min_evts, td->cur_depth, td->aio_events, timeout);
+               ret = io_u_getevents(td, min_evts, td->cur_depth, timeout);
                if (ret < 0) {
-                       td->error = errno;
+                       td->error = ret;
                        break;
                } else if (!ret)
                        continue;
@@ -1272,7 +1399,7 @@ static int create_file(struct thread_data *td)
        /*
         * unless specifically asked for overwrite, let normal io extend it
         */
-       if (!td_read(td) && !td->overwrite)
+       if (td_write(td) && !td->overwrite)
                return 0;
 
        if (!td->file_size) {
@@ -1289,7 +1416,12 @@ static int create_file(struct thread_data *td)
                return 1;
        }
 
-       td->sectors = td->file_size >> 9;
+       if (ftruncate(td->fd, td->file_size) == -1) {
+               td->error = errno;
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       td->io_size = td->file_size;
        b = malloc(td->max_bs);
        memset(b, 0, td->max_bs);
 
@@ -1333,9 +1465,58 @@ static int file_exists(struct thread_data *td)
        return errno != ENOENT;
 }
 
-static int setup_file(struct thread_data *td)
+static int get_file_size(struct thread_data *td)
 {
+       size_t bytes = 0;
        struct stat st;
+
+       if (fstat(td->fd, &st) == -1) {
+               td->error = errno;
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * if block device, get size via BLKGETSIZE64 ioctl. try that as well
+        * if this is a link, fall back to st.st_size if it fails
+        */
+       if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+               if (ioctl(td->fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &bytes)) {
+                       if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
+                               td->error = errno;
+                               return 1;
+                       } else
+                               bytes = st.st_size;
+               }
+       } else
+               bytes = st.st_size;
+
+       if (td_read(td)) {
+               if (td->file_size > bytes)
+                       bytes = td->file_size;
+       } else {
+               if (!td->file_size)
+                       td->file_size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+               bytes = td->file_size;
+       }
+
+       if (td->file_offset > bytes) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Client%d: offset larger than length\n", td->thread_number);
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       td->io_size = bytes - td->file_offset;
+       if (td->io_size == 0) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Client%d: no io blocks\n", td->thread_number);
+               td->error = EINVAL;
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int setup_file(struct thread_data *td)
+{
        int flags = 0;
 
        if (!file_exists(td)) {
@@ -1370,30 +1551,16 @@ static int setup_file(struct thread_data *td)
                return 1;
        }
 
-       if (td_read(td)) {
-               if (fstat(td->fd, &st) == -1) {
-                       td->error = errno;
-                       return 1;
-               }
-
-               if (td->file_size > st.st_size)
-                       st.st_size = td->file_size;
-       } else {
-               if (!td->file_size)
-                       td->file_size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-               st.st_size = td->file_size;
-       }
+       if (get_file_size(td))
+               return 1;
 
-       td->sectors = (st.st_size - td->file_offset) / 1024;
-       if (!td->sectors) {
-               fprintf(stderr, "Client%d: no io blocks\n", td->thread_number);
-               td->error = EINVAL;
+       if (td_write(td) && ftruncate(td->fd, td->file_size) == -1) {
+               td->error = errno;
                return 1;
        }
 
        if (td->invalidate_cache) {
-               if (fadvise(td->fd, 0, st.st_size, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) < 0) {
+               if (fadvise(td->fd, td->file_offset, td->file_size, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) < 0) {
                        td->error = errno;
                        return 1;
                }
@@ -1404,10 +1571,16 @@ static int setup_file(struct thread_data *td)
 
 static void clear_io_state(struct thread_data *td)
 {
+       if (!td->use_aio)
+               lseek(td->fd, SEEK_SET, 0);
+
        td->cur_off = 0;
-       td->last_sectors = 0;
-       td->stat_io_sectors = 0;
-       td->this_io_sectors = 0;
+       td->last_bytes = 0;
+       td->stat_io_bytes = 0;
+       td->this_io_bytes = 0;
+
+       if (td->file_map)
+               memset(td->file_map, 0, td->num_maps * sizeof(long));
 }
 
 static void *thread_main(int shm_id, int offset, char *argv[])
@@ -1440,9 +1613,6 @@ static void *thread_main(int shm_id, int offset, char *argv[])
        if (td->use_aio && init_aio(td))
                goto err;
 
-       if (init_random_state(td))
-               goto err;
-
        if (td->ioprio) {
                if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
                        td->error = errno;
@@ -1456,8 +1626,13 @@ static void *thread_main(int shm_id, int offset, char *argv[])
        if (!td->create_serialize && setup_file(td))
                goto err;
 
+       if (init_random_state(td))
+               goto err;
+
        gettimeofday(&td->start, NULL);
 
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ru_start);
+
        while (td->loops--) {
                gettimeofday(&td->stat_sample_time, NULL);
 
@@ -1465,6 +1640,7 @@ static void *thread_main(int shm_id, int offset, char *argv[])
                        memcpy(&td->lastrate, &td->stat_sample_time, sizeof(td->lastrate));
 
                clear_io_state(td);
+               prune_io_piece_log(td);
 
                if (!td->use_aio)
                        do_sync_io(td);
@@ -1489,6 +1665,7 @@ static void *thread_main(int shm_id, int offset, char *argv[])
        }
 
        td->runtime = mtime_since_now(&td->start);
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ru_end);
        ret = 0;
 
        if (td->bw_log)
@@ -1547,19 +1724,19 @@ static int calc_lat(struct io_stat *is, unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max,
 static void show_thread_status(struct thread_data *td)
 {
        int prio, prio_class;
-       unsigned long min, max, bw = 0;
-       double mean, dev;
+       unsigned long min, max, bw = 0, ctx;
+       double mean, dev, usr_cpu, sys_cpu;
 
-       if (!td->io_sectors && !td->error)
+       if (!td->io_bytes && !td->error)
                return;
 
        if (td->runtime)
-               bw = (td->io_sectors << 9) / td->runtime;
+               bw = td->io_bytes / td->runtime;
 
        prio = td->ioprio & 0xff;
        prio_class = td->ioprio >> IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT;
 
-       printf("Client%d: err=%2d, io=%6luMiB, bw=%6luKiB/s, runt=%6lumsec\n", td->thread_number, td->error, td->io_sectors << 9, bw, td->runtime);
+       printf("Client%d: err=%2d, io=%6luMiB, bw=%6luKiB/s, runt=%6lumsec\n", td->thread_number, td->error, td->io_bytes >> 20, bw, td->runtime);
 
        if (calc_lat(&td->slat_stat, &min, &max, &mean, &dev))
                printf("  slat (msec): min=%5lu, max=%5lu, avg=%5.02f, dev=%5.02f\n", min, max, mean, dev);
@@ -1567,6 +1744,23 @@ static void show_thread_status(struct thread_data *td)
                printf("  clat (msec): min=%5lu, max=%5lu, avg=%5.02f, dev=%5.02f\n", min, max, mean, dev);
        if (calc_lat(&td->bw_stat, &min, &max, &mean, &dev))
                printf("  bw (KiB/s) : min=%5lu, max=%5lu, avg=%5.02f, dev=%5.02f\n", min, max, mean, dev);
+
+       if (td->runtime) {
+               unsigned long t;
+
+               t = mtime_since(&td->ru_start.ru_utime, &td->ru_end.ru_utime);
+               usr_cpu = (double) t * 100 / (double) td->runtime;
+
+               t = mtime_since(&td->ru_start.ru_stime, &td->ru_end.ru_stime);
+               sys_cpu = (double) t * 100 / (double) td->runtime;
+       } else {
+               usr_cpu = 0;
+               sys_cpu = 0;
+       }
+
+       ctx = td->ru_end.ru_nvcsw + td->ru_end.ru_nivcsw - (td->ru_start.ru_nvcsw + td->ru_start.ru_nivcsw);
+
+       printf("  cpu        : usr=%3.2f%%, sys=%3.2f%%, ctx=%lu\n", usr_cpu, sys_cpu, ctx);
 }
 
 static int setup_rate(struct thread_data *td)
@@ -1581,13 +1775,13 @@ static int setup_rate(struct thread_data *td)
                return -1;
        }
 
-       nr_reads_per_sec = td->rate * 1024 / td->min_bs;
+       nr_reads_per_sec = (td->rate * 1024) / td->min_bs;
        td->rate_usec_cycle = 1000000 / nr_reads_per_sec;
        td->rate_pending_usleep = 0;
        return 0;
 }
 
-static struct thread_data *get_new_job(int global)
+static struct thread_data *get_new_job(int global, struct thread_data *parent)
 {
        struct thread_data *td;
 
@@ -1599,38 +1793,42 @@ static struct thread_data *get_new_job(int global)
        td = &threads[thread_number++];
        memset(td, 0, sizeof(*td));
 
+       sprintf(td->directory, ".");
+
        td->fd = -1;
        td->thread_number = thread_number;
 
-       td->ddir = def_thread.ddir;
-       td->ioprio = def_thread.ioprio;
-       td->sequential = def_thread.sequential;
-       td->bs = def_thread.bs;
-       td->min_bs = def_thread.min_bs;
-       td->max_bs = def_thread.max_bs;
-       td->odirect = def_thread.odirect;
-       td->thinktime = def_thread.thinktime;
-       td->fsync_blocks = def_thread.fsync_blocks;
-       td->start_delay = def_thread.start_delay;
-       td->timeout = def_thread.timeout;
-       td->use_aio = def_thread.use_aio;
-       td->create_file = def_thread.create_file;
-       td->overwrite = def_thread.overwrite;
-       td->invalidate_cache = def_thread.invalidate_cache;
-       td->file_size = def_thread.file_size;
-       td->file_offset = def_thread.file_offset;
-       td->rate = def_thread.rate;
-       td->ratemin = def_thread.ratemin;
-       td->ratecycle = def_thread.ratecycle;
-       td->aio_depth = def_thread.aio_depth;
-       td->sync_io = def_thread.sync_io;
-       td->mem_type = def_thread.mem_type;
-       td->bw_avg_time = def_thread.bw_avg_time;
-       td->create_serialize = def_thread.create_serialize;
-       td->create_fsync = def_thread.create_fsync;
-       td->loops = def_thread.loops;
-       td->verify = def_thread.verify;
-       memcpy(&td->cpumask, &def_thread.cpumask, sizeof(td->cpumask));
+       td->ddir = parent->ddir;
+       td->ioprio = parent->ioprio;
+       td->sequential = parent->sequential;
+       td->bs = parent->bs;
+       td->min_bs = parent->min_bs;
+       td->max_bs = parent->max_bs;
+       td->odirect = parent->odirect;
+       td->thinktime = parent->thinktime;
+       td->fsync_blocks = parent->fsync_blocks;
+       td->start_delay = parent->start_delay;
+       td->timeout = parent->timeout;
+       td->use_aio = parent->use_aio;
+       td->create_file = parent->create_file;
+       td->overwrite = parent->overwrite;
+       td->invalidate_cache = parent->invalidate_cache;
+       td->file_size = parent->file_size;
+       td->file_offset = parent->file_offset;
+       td->rate = parent->rate;
+       td->ratemin = parent->ratemin;
+       td->ratecycle = parent->ratecycle;
+       td->aio_depth = parent->aio_depth;
+       td->sync_io = parent->sync_io;
+       td->mem_type = parent->mem_type;
+       td->bw_avg_time = parent->bw_avg_time;
+       td->create_serialize = parent->create_serialize;
+       td->create_fsync = parent->create_fsync;
+       td->loops = parent->loops;
+       td->verify = parent->verify;
+       td->stonewall = parent->stonewall;
+       td->numjobs = parent->numjobs;
+       memcpy(&td->cpumask, &parent->cpumask, sizeof(td->cpumask));
 
        return td;
 }
@@ -1641,13 +1839,15 @@ static void put_job(struct thread_data *td)
        thread_number--;
 }
 
-static int add_job(struct thread_data *td, const char *filename, int prioclass,
+static int add_job(struct thread_data *td, const char *jobname, int prioclass,
                   int prio)
 {
+       int numjobs;
+
        if (td == &def_thread)
                return 0;
 
-       strcpy(td->file_name, filename);
+       sprintf(td->file_name, "%s/%s.%d", td->directory, jobname, td->thread_number);
        sem_init(&td->mutex, 1, 0);
        td->ioprio = (prioclass << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) | prio;
 
@@ -1668,15 +1868,36 @@ static int add_job(struct thread_data *td, const char *filename, int prioclass,
                td->verify = 0;
 
        if (setup_rate(td))
-               return -1;
+               goto err;
 
        if (write_lat_log)
                setup_log(&td->lat_log);
        if (write_bw_log)
                setup_log(&td->bw_log);
 
-       printf("Client%d: file=%s, rw=%d, prio=%d/%d, seq=%d, odir=%d, bs=%d-%d, rate=%d, aio=%d, aio_depth=%d\n", td->thread_number, filename, td->ddir, prioclass, prio, td->sequential, td->odirect, td->min_bs, td->max_bs, td->rate, td->use_aio, td->aio_depth);
+       printf("Client%d: rw=%d, prio=%d/%d, seq=%d, odir=%d, bs=%d-%d, rate=%d, aio=%d, aio_depth=%d\n", td->thread_number, td->ddir, prioclass, prio, td->sequential, td->odirect, td->min_bs, td->max_bs, td->rate, td->use_aio, td->aio_depth);
+
+       /*
+        * recurse add identical jobs, clear numjobs and stonewall options
+        * as they don't apply to sub-jobs
+        */
+       numjobs = td->numjobs;
+       while (--numjobs) {
+               struct thread_data *td_new = get_new_job(0, td);
+
+               if (!td_new)
+                       break;
+
+               td_new->numjobs = 1;
+               td_new->stonewall = 0;
+
+               if (add_job(td_new, jobname, prioclass, prio))
+                       break;
+       }
        return 0;
+err:
+       put_job(td);
+       return -1;
 }
 
 static void fill_cpu_mask(cpu_set_t cpumask, int cpu)
@@ -1753,6 +1974,25 @@ static int check_str(char *p, char *name, char *option)
        return 1;
 }
 
+static int check_strstore(char *p, char *name, char *dest)
+{
+       char *s = strstr(p, name);
+
+       if (!s)
+               return 1;
+
+       s = strstr(p, "=");
+       if (!s)
+               return 1;
+
+       s++;
+       while (isblank(*s))
+               s++;
+
+       strcpy(dest, s);
+       return 0;
+}
+
 static int check_range(char *p, char *name, unsigned long *s, unsigned long *e)
 {
        char str[128];
@@ -1843,7 +2083,7 @@ static int parse_jobs_ini(char *file)
 
                name[strlen(name) - 1] = '\0';
 
-               td = get_new_job(global);
+               td = get_new_job(global, &def_thread);
                if (!td)
                        break;
 
@@ -1937,6 +2177,10 @@ static int parse_jobs_ini(char *file)
                                fgetpos(f, &off);
                                continue;
                        }
+                       if (!check_int(p, "numjobs", &td->numjobs)) {
+                               fgetpos(f, &off);
+                               continue;
+                       }
                        if (!check_range(p, "bsrange", &ul1, &ul2)) {
                                if (ul1 & 511)
                                        printf("bad min block size, must be a multiple of 512\n");
@@ -1965,6 +2209,10 @@ static int parse_jobs_ini(char *file)
                                fgetpos(f, &off);
                                continue;
                        }
+                       if (!check_strstore(p, "directory", td->directory)) {
+                               fgetpos(f, &off);
+                               continue;
+                       }
                        if (!check_str(p, "mem", "malloc")) {
                                td->mem_type = MEM_MALLOC;
                                fgetpos(f, &off);
@@ -2005,12 +2253,17 @@ static int parse_jobs_ini(char *file)
                                fgetpos(f, &off);
                                continue;
                        }
+                       if (!strncmp(p, "stonewall", 9)) {
+                               td->stonewall = 1;
+                               fgetpos(f, &off);
+                               continue;
+                       }
                        printf("Client%d: bad option %s\n",td->thread_number,p);
                }
                fsetpos(f, &off);
 
                if (add_job(td, name, prioclass, prio))
-                       put_job(td);
+                       break;
        }
 
        free(string);
@@ -2108,7 +2361,17 @@ static void check_str_update(struct thread_data *td, int n, int t, int m)
                        c = 'E';
                        break;
                case TD_RUNNING:
-                       c = '+';
+                       if (td_read(td)) {
+                               if (td->sequential)
+                                       c = 'R';
+                               else
+                                       c = 'r';
+                       } else {
+                               if (td->sequential)
+                                       c = 'W';
+                               else
+                                       c = 'w';
+                       }
                        break;
                case TD_VERIFYING:
                        c = 'V';
@@ -2160,7 +2423,7 @@ static void run_threads(char *argv[])
        struct timeval genesis;
        struct thread_data *td;
        unsigned long spent;
-       int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate;
+       int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;
 
        printf("Starting %d threads\n", thread_number);
        fflush(stdout);
@@ -2169,6 +2432,7 @@ static void run_threads(char *argv[])
 
        todo = thread_number;
        nr_running = 0;
+       nr_started = 0;
        m_rate = t_rate = 0;
 
        for (i = 0; i < thread_number; i++) {
@@ -2216,10 +2480,14 @@ static void run_threads(char *argv[])
                                        continue;
                        }
 
+                       if (td->stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running))
+                               break;
+
                        td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
                        check_str_update(td, nr_running, t_rate, m_rate);
                        sem_init(&startup_sem, 1, 1);
                        todo--;
+                       nr_started++;
 
                        if (fork())
                                sem_wait(&startup_sem);
@@ -2240,6 +2508,7 @@ static void run_threads(char *argv[])
 
                        td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
                        nr_running++;
+                       nr_started--;
                        m_rate += td->ratemin;
                        t_rate += td->rate;
                        check_str_update(td, nr_running, t_rate, m_rate);
@@ -2249,11 +2518,8 @@ static void run_threads(char *argv[])
                for (i = 0; i < thread_number; i++) {
                        struct thread_data *td = &threads[i];
 
-                       if (td->runstate == TD_RUNNING)
-                               run_str[td->thread_number - 1] = '+';
-                       else if (td->runstate == TD_VERIFYING)
-                               run_str[td->thread_number - 1] = 'V';
-                       else
+                       if (td->runstate != TD_RUNNING &&
+                           td->runstate != TD_VERIFYING)
                                continue;
 
                        check_str_update(td, nr_running, t_rate, m_rate);
@@ -2340,6 +2606,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
        def_thread.create_fsync = DEF_CREATE_FSYNC;
        def_thread.loops = DEF_LOOPS;
        def_thread.verify = DEF_VERIFY;
+       def_thread.stonewall = DEF_STONEWALL;
+       def_thread.numjobs = DEF_NUMJOBS;
 
        i = parse_options(argc, argv);
 
@@ -2373,22 +2641,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                                max_run[td->ddir] = td->runtime;
 
                        if (td->runtime)
-                               bw = (td->io_sectors << 9) / td->runtime;
+                               bw = td->io_bytes / td->runtime;
                        if (bw < min_bw[td->ddir])
                                min_bw[td->ddir] = bw;
                        if (bw > max_bw[td->ddir])
                                max_bw[td->ddir] = bw;
 
-                       io_mb[td->ddir] += td->io_sectors >> 9;
+                       io_mb[td->ddir] += td->io_bytes >> 20;
                }
 
                show_thread_status(td);
        }
        
        if (max_run[0])
-               agg[0] = io_mb[0] * 1024 * 1000 / max_run[0];
+               agg[0] = (io_mb[0] * 1024 * 1000) / max_run[0];
        if (max_run[1])
-               agg[1] = io_mb[1] * 1024 * 1000 / max_run[1];
+               agg[1] = (io_mb[1] * 1024 * 1000) / max_run[1];
 
        printf("\nRun status:\n");
        if (max_run[DDIR_READ])