2 * sysctl.c: General linux system control interface
4 * Begun 24 March 1995, Stephen Tweedie
5 * Added /proc support, Dec 1995
6 * Added bdflush entry and intvec min/max checking, 2/23/96, Tom Dyas.
7 * Added hooks for /proc/sys/net (minor, minor patch), 96/4/1, Mike Shaver.
8 * Added kernel/java-{interpreter,appletviewer}, 96/5/10, Mike Shaver.
9 * Dynamic registration fixes, Stephen Tweedie.
10 * Added kswapd-interval, ctrl-alt-del, printk stuff, 1/8/97, Chris Horn.
11 * Made sysctl support optional via CONFIG_SYSCTL, 1/10/97, Chris
13 * Added proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax, 09/08/99, Carlos H. Bauer.
14 * Added proc_doulongvec_minmax, 09/08/99, Carlos H. Bauer.
15 * Changed linked lists to use list.h instead of lists.h, 02/24/00, Bill
17 * The list_for_each() macro wasn't appropriate for the sysctl loop.
18 * Removed it and replaced it with older style, 03/23/00, Bill Wendling
21 #include <linux/module.h>
22 #include <linux/aio.h>
24 #include <linux/swap.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
27 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
28 #include <linux/signal.h>
29 #include <linux/printk.h>
30 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
31 #include <linux/security.h>
32 #include <linux/ctype.h>
33 #include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
34 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
36 #include <linux/init.h>
37 #include <linux/kernel.h>
38 #include <linux/kobject.h>
39 #include <linux/net.h>
40 #include <linux/sysrq.h>
41 #include <linux/highuid.h>
42 #include <linux/writeback.h>
43 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
44 #include <linux/compaction.h>
45 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
46 #include <linux/initrd.h>
47 #include <linux/key.h>
48 #include <linux/times.h>
49 #include <linux/limits.h>
50 #include <linux/dcache.h>
51 #include <linux/dnotify.h>
52 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
53 #include <linux/vmstat.h>
54 #include <linux/nfs_fs.h>
55 #include <linux/acpi.h>
56 #include <linux/reboot.h>
57 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
58 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
59 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
60 #include <linux/pipe_fs_i.h>
61 #include <linux/oom.h>
62 #include <linux/kmod.h>
63 #include <linux/capability.h>
64 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
65 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
66 #include <linux/kexec.h>
67 #include <linux/bpf.h>
68 #include <linux/mount.h>
70 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
71 #include <asm/processor.h>
75 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
79 #include <asm/setup.h>
81 #ifdef CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
82 #include <linux/acct.h>
84 #ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES
85 #include <linux/rtmutex.h>
87 #if defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) || defined(CONFIG_LOCK_STAT)
88 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
90 #ifdef CONFIG_CHR_DEV_SG
94 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKUP_DETECTOR
95 #include <linux/nmi.h>
98 #if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL)
100 /* External variables not in a header file. */
101 extern int suid_dumpable;
102 #ifdef CONFIG_COREDUMP
103 extern int core_uses_pid;
104 extern char core_pattern[];
105 extern unsigned int core_pipe_limit;
108 extern int pid_max_min, pid_max_max;
109 extern int percpu_pagelist_fraction;
110 extern int latencytop_enabled;
111 extern unsigned int sysctl_nr_open_min, sysctl_nr_open_max;
113 extern int sysctl_nr_trim_pages;
116 /* Constants used for minimum and maximum */
117 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKUP_DETECTOR
118 static int sixty = 60;
121 static int __maybe_unused neg_one = -1;
124 static int __maybe_unused one = 1;
125 static int __maybe_unused two = 2;
126 static int __maybe_unused four = 4;
127 static unsigned long one_ul = 1;
128 static int one_hundred = 100;
129 static int one_thousand = 1000;
131 static int ten_thousand = 10000;
133 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
134 static int six_hundred_forty_kb = 640 * 1024;
137 /* this is needed for the proc_doulongvec_minmax of vm_dirty_bytes */
138 static unsigned long dirty_bytes_min = 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
140 /* this is needed for the proc_dointvec_minmax for [fs_]overflow UID and GID */
141 static int maxolduid = 65535;
142 static int minolduid;
144 static int ngroups_max = NGROUPS_MAX;
145 static const int cap_last_cap = CAP_LAST_CAP;
147 /*this is needed for proc_doulongvec_minmax of sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs */
148 #ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK
149 static unsigned long hung_task_timeout_max = (LONG_MAX/HZ);
152 #ifdef CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER
153 #include <linux/inotify.h>
159 extern int pwrsw_enabled;
162 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_ALLOW
163 extern int unaligned_enabled;
167 extern int unaligned_dump_stack;
170 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_NO_WARN
171 extern int no_unaligned_warning;
174 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
176 #define SYSCTL_WRITES_LEGACY -1
177 #define SYSCTL_WRITES_WARN 0
178 #define SYSCTL_WRITES_STRICT 1
180 static int sysctl_writes_strict = SYSCTL_WRITES_STRICT;
182 static int proc_do_cad_pid(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
183 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
184 static int proc_taint(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
185 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
189 static int proc_dointvec_minmax_sysadmin(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
190 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
193 static int proc_dointvec_minmax_coredump(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
194 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
195 #ifdef CONFIG_COREDUMP
196 static int proc_dostring_coredump(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
197 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos);
200 #ifdef CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ
201 /* Note: sysrq code uses it's own private copy */
202 static int __sysrq_enabled = CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE;
204 static int sysrq_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
205 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp,
210 error = proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
215 sysrq_toggle_support(__sysrq_enabled);
222 static struct ctl_table kern_table[];
223 static struct ctl_table vm_table[];
224 static struct ctl_table fs_table[];
225 static struct ctl_table debug_table[];
226 static struct ctl_table dev_table[];
227 extern struct ctl_table random_table[];
229 extern struct ctl_table epoll_table[];
232 #ifdef HAVE_ARCH_PICK_MMAP_LAYOUT
233 int sysctl_legacy_va_layout;
236 /* The default sysctl tables: */
238 static struct ctl_table sysctl_base_table[] = {
240 .procname = "kernel",
257 .child = debug_table,
267 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
268 static int min_sched_granularity_ns = 100000; /* 100 usecs */
269 static int max_sched_granularity_ns = NSEC_PER_SEC; /* 1 second */
270 static int min_wakeup_granularity_ns; /* 0 usecs */
271 static int max_wakeup_granularity_ns = NSEC_PER_SEC; /* 1 second */
273 static int min_sched_tunable_scaling = SCHED_TUNABLESCALING_NONE;
274 static int max_sched_tunable_scaling = SCHED_TUNABLESCALING_END-1;
275 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
276 #endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG */
278 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
279 static int min_extfrag_threshold;
280 static int max_extfrag_threshold = 1000;
283 static struct ctl_table kern_table[] = {
285 .procname = "sched_child_runs_first",
286 .data = &sysctl_sched_child_runs_first,
287 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
289 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
291 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
293 .procname = "sched_min_granularity_ns",
294 .data = &sysctl_sched_min_granularity,
295 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
297 .proc_handler = sched_proc_update_handler,
298 .extra1 = &min_sched_granularity_ns,
299 .extra2 = &max_sched_granularity_ns,
302 .procname = "sched_latency_ns",
303 .data = &sysctl_sched_latency,
304 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
306 .proc_handler = sched_proc_update_handler,
307 .extra1 = &min_sched_granularity_ns,
308 .extra2 = &max_sched_granularity_ns,
311 .procname = "sched_wakeup_granularity_ns",
312 .data = &sysctl_sched_wakeup_granularity,
313 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
315 .proc_handler = sched_proc_update_handler,
316 .extra1 = &min_wakeup_granularity_ns,
317 .extra2 = &max_wakeup_granularity_ns,
321 .procname = "sched_tunable_scaling",
322 .data = &sysctl_sched_tunable_scaling,
323 .maxlen = sizeof(enum sched_tunable_scaling),
325 .proc_handler = sched_proc_update_handler,
326 .extra1 = &min_sched_tunable_scaling,
327 .extra2 = &max_sched_tunable_scaling,
330 .procname = "sched_migration_cost_ns",
331 .data = &sysctl_sched_migration_cost,
332 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
334 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
337 .procname = "sched_nr_migrate",
338 .data = &sysctl_sched_nr_migrate,
339 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
341 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
344 .procname = "sched_time_avg_ms",
345 .data = &sysctl_sched_time_avg,
346 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
348 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
351 .procname = "sched_shares_window_ns",
352 .data = &sysctl_sched_shares_window,
353 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
355 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
357 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
359 .procname = "sched_schedstats",
361 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
363 .proc_handler = sysctl_schedstats,
367 #endif /* CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS */
368 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
369 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
371 .procname = "numa_balancing_scan_delay_ms",
372 .data = &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay,
373 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
375 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
378 .procname = "numa_balancing_scan_period_min_ms",
379 .data = &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_min,
380 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
382 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
385 .procname = "numa_balancing_scan_period_max_ms",
386 .data = &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_max,
387 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
389 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
392 .procname = "numa_balancing_scan_size_mb",
393 .data = &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size,
394 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
396 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
400 .procname = "numa_balancing",
401 .data = NULL, /* filled in by handler */
402 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
404 .proc_handler = sysctl_numa_balancing,
408 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */
409 #endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG */
411 .procname = "sched_rt_period_us",
412 .data = &sysctl_sched_rt_period,
413 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
415 .proc_handler = sched_rt_handler,
418 .procname = "sched_rt_runtime_us",
419 .data = &sysctl_sched_rt_runtime,
420 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
422 .proc_handler = sched_rt_handler,
425 .procname = "sched_rr_timeslice_ms",
426 .data = &sched_rr_timeslice,
427 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
429 .proc_handler = sched_rr_handler,
431 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP
433 .procname = "sched_autogroup_enabled",
434 .data = &sysctl_sched_autogroup_enabled,
435 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
437 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
442 #ifdef CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
444 .procname = "sched_cfs_bandwidth_slice_us",
445 .data = &sysctl_sched_cfs_bandwidth_slice,
446 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
448 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
452 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
454 .procname = "prove_locking",
455 .data = &prove_locking,
456 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
458 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
461 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
463 .procname = "lock_stat",
465 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
467 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
472 .data = &panic_timeout,
473 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
475 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
477 #ifdef CONFIG_COREDUMP
479 .procname = "core_uses_pid",
480 .data = &core_uses_pid,
481 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
483 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
486 .procname = "core_pattern",
487 .data = core_pattern,
488 .maxlen = CORENAME_MAX_SIZE,
490 .proc_handler = proc_dostring_coredump,
493 .procname = "core_pipe_limit",
494 .data = &core_pipe_limit,
495 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
497 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
500 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
502 .procname = "tainted",
503 .maxlen = sizeof(long),
505 .proc_handler = proc_taint,
508 .procname = "sysctl_writes_strict",
509 .data = &sysctl_writes_strict,
510 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
512 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
517 #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP
519 .procname = "latencytop",
520 .data = &latencytop_enabled,
521 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
523 .proc_handler = sysctl_latencytop,
526 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
528 .procname = "real-root-dev",
529 .data = &real_root_dev,
530 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
532 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
536 .procname = "print-fatal-signals",
537 .data = &print_fatal_signals,
538 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
540 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
544 .procname = "reboot-cmd",
545 .data = reboot_command,
548 .proc_handler = proc_dostring,
551 .procname = "stop-a",
552 .data = &stop_a_enabled,
553 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
555 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
558 .procname = "scons-poweroff",
559 .data = &scons_pwroff,
560 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
562 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
565 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARC64
567 .procname = "tsb-ratio",
568 .data = &sysctl_tsb_ratio,
569 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
571 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
576 .procname = "soft-power",
577 .data = &pwrsw_enabled,
578 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
580 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
583 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_ALLOW
585 .procname = "unaligned-trap",
586 .data = &unaligned_enabled,
587 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
589 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
593 .procname = "ctrl-alt-del",
595 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
597 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
599 #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
601 .procname = "ftrace_enabled",
602 .data = &ftrace_enabled,
603 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
605 .proc_handler = ftrace_enable_sysctl,
608 #ifdef CONFIG_STACK_TRACER
610 .procname = "stack_tracer_enabled",
611 .data = &stack_tracer_enabled,
612 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
614 .proc_handler = stack_trace_sysctl,
617 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
619 .procname = "ftrace_dump_on_oops",
620 .data = &ftrace_dump_on_oops,
621 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
623 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
626 .procname = "traceoff_on_warning",
627 .data = &__disable_trace_on_warning,
628 .maxlen = sizeof(__disable_trace_on_warning),
630 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
633 .procname = "tracepoint_printk",
634 .data = &tracepoint_printk,
635 .maxlen = sizeof(tracepoint_printk),
637 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
640 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
642 .procname = "kexec_load_disabled",
643 .data = &kexec_load_disabled,
644 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
646 /* only handle a transition from default "0" to "1" */
647 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
652 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
654 .procname = "modprobe",
655 .data = &modprobe_path,
656 .maxlen = KMOD_PATH_LEN,
658 .proc_handler = proc_dostring,
661 .procname = "modules_disabled",
662 .data = &modules_disabled,
663 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
665 /* only handle a transition from default "0" to "1" */
666 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
671 #ifdef CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER
673 .procname = "hotplug",
674 .data = &uevent_helper,
675 .maxlen = UEVENT_HELPER_PATH_LEN,
677 .proc_handler = proc_dostring,
680 #ifdef CONFIG_CHR_DEV_SG
682 .procname = "sg-big-buff",
683 .data = &sg_big_buff,
684 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
686 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
689 #ifdef CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT
693 .maxlen = 3*sizeof(int),
695 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
698 #ifdef CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ
701 .data = &__sysrq_enabled,
702 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
704 .proc_handler = sysrq_sysctl_handler,
707 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
709 .procname = "cad_pid",
711 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
713 .proc_handler = proc_do_cad_pid,
717 .procname = "threads-max",
719 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
721 .proc_handler = sysctl_max_threads,
724 .procname = "random",
726 .child = random_table,
729 .procname = "usermodehelper",
731 .child = usermodehelper_table,
734 .procname = "overflowuid",
735 .data = &overflowuid,
736 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
738 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
739 .extra1 = &minolduid,
740 .extra2 = &maxolduid,
743 .procname = "overflowgid",
744 .data = &overflowgid,
745 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
747 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
748 .extra1 = &minolduid,
749 .extra2 = &maxolduid,
752 #ifdef CONFIG_MATHEMU
754 .procname = "ieee_emulation_warnings",
755 .data = &sysctl_ieee_emulation_warnings,
756 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
758 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
762 .procname = "userprocess_debug",
763 .data = &show_unhandled_signals,
764 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
766 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
770 .procname = "pid_max",
772 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
774 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
775 .extra1 = &pid_max_min,
776 .extra2 = &pid_max_max,
779 .procname = "panic_on_oops",
780 .data = &panic_on_oops,
781 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
783 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
785 #if defined CONFIG_PRINTK
787 .procname = "printk",
788 .data = &console_loglevel,
789 .maxlen = 4*sizeof(int),
791 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
794 .procname = "printk_ratelimit",
795 .data = &printk_ratelimit_state.interval,
796 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
798 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_jiffies,
801 .procname = "printk_ratelimit_burst",
802 .data = &printk_ratelimit_state.burst,
803 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
805 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
808 .procname = "printk_delay",
809 .data = &printk_delay_msec,
810 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
812 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
814 .extra2 = &ten_thousand,
817 .procname = "printk_devkmsg",
818 .data = devkmsg_log_str,
819 .maxlen = DEVKMSG_STR_MAX_SIZE,
821 .proc_handler = devkmsg_sysctl_set_loglvl,
824 .procname = "dmesg_restrict",
825 .data = &dmesg_restrict,
826 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
828 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax_sysadmin,
833 .procname = "kptr_restrict",
834 .data = &kptr_restrict,
835 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
837 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax_sysadmin,
843 .procname = "ngroups_max",
844 .data = &ngroups_max,
845 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
847 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
850 .procname = "cap_last_cap",
851 .data = (void *)&cap_last_cap,
852 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
854 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
856 #if defined(CONFIG_LOCKUP_DETECTOR)
858 .procname = "watchdog",
859 .data = &watchdog_user_enabled,
860 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
862 .proc_handler = proc_watchdog,
867 .procname = "watchdog_thresh",
868 .data = &watchdog_thresh,
869 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
871 .proc_handler = proc_watchdog_thresh,
876 .procname = "nmi_watchdog",
877 .data = &nmi_watchdog_enabled,
878 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
880 .proc_handler = proc_nmi_watchdog,
882 #if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG) || defined(CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR)
889 .procname = "soft_watchdog",
890 .data = &soft_watchdog_enabled,
891 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
893 .proc_handler = proc_soft_watchdog,
898 .procname = "watchdog_cpumask",
899 .data = &watchdog_cpumask_bits,
902 .proc_handler = proc_watchdog_cpumask,
905 .procname = "softlockup_panic",
906 .data = &softlockup_panic,
907 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
909 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
913 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
915 .procname = "hardlockup_panic",
916 .data = &hardlockup_panic,
917 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
919 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
926 .procname = "softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace",
927 .data = &sysctl_softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace,
928 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
930 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
935 .procname = "hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace",
936 .data = &sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace,
937 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
939 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
943 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
945 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC) && defined(CONFIG_X86)
947 .procname = "unknown_nmi_panic",
948 .data = &unknown_nmi_panic,
949 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
951 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
954 #if defined(CONFIG_X86)
956 .procname = "panic_on_unrecovered_nmi",
957 .data = &panic_on_unrecovered_nmi,
958 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
960 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
963 .procname = "panic_on_io_nmi",
964 .data = &panic_on_io_nmi,
965 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
967 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
969 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACKOVERFLOW
971 .procname = "panic_on_stackoverflow",
972 .data = &sysctl_panic_on_stackoverflow,
973 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
975 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
979 .procname = "bootloader_type",
980 .data = &bootloader_type,
981 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
983 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
986 .procname = "bootloader_version",
987 .data = &bootloader_version,
988 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
990 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
993 .procname = "kstack_depth_to_print",
994 .data = &kstack_depth_to_print,
995 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
997 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1000 .procname = "io_delay_type",
1001 .data = &io_delay_type,
1002 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1004 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1007 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU)
1009 .procname = "randomize_va_space",
1010 .data = &randomize_va_space,
1011 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1013 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1016 #if defined(CONFIG_S390) && defined(CONFIG_SMP)
1018 .procname = "spin_retry",
1019 .data = &spin_retry,
1020 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
1022 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1025 #if defined(CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP) && defined(CONFIG_X86)
1027 .procname = "acpi_video_flags",
1028 .data = &acpi_realmode_flags,
1029 .maxlen = sizeof (unsigned long),
1031 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1034 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_NO_WARN
1036 .procname = "ignore-unaligned-usertrap",
1037 .data = &no_unaligned_warning,
1038 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
1040 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1045 .procname = "unaligned-dump-stack",
1046 .data = &unaligned_dump_stack,
1047 .maxlen = sizeof (int),
1049 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1052 #ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK
1054 .procname = "hung_task_panic",
1055 .data = &sysctl_hung_task_panic,
1056 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1058 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1063 .procname = "hung_task_check_count",
1064 .data = &sysctl_hung_task_check_count,
1065 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1067 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1071 .procname = "hung_task_timeout_secs",
1072 .data = &sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs,
1073 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long),
1075 .proc_handler = proc_dohung_task_timeout_secs,
1076 .extra2 = &hung_task_timeout_max,
1079 .procname = "hung_task_warnings",
1080 .data = &sysctl_hung_task_warnings,
1081 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1083 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1087 #ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES
1089 .procname = "max_lock_depth",
1090 .data = &max_lock_depth,
1091 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1093 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1097 .procname = "poweroff_cmd",
1098 .data = &poweroff_cmd,
1099 .maxlen = POWEROFF_CMD_PATH_LEN,
1101 .proc_handler = proc_dostring,
1107 .child = key_sysctls,
1110 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
1112 * User-space scripts rely on the existence of this file
1113 * as a feature check for perf_events being enabled.
1115 * So it's an ABI, do not remove!
1118 .procname = "perf_event_paranoid",
1119 .data = &sysctl_perf_event_paranoid,
1120 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_perf_event_paranoid),
1122 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1125 .procname = "perf_event_mlock_kb",
1126 .data = &sysctl_perf_event_mlock,
1127 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_perf_event_mlock),
1129 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1132 .procname = "perf_event_max_sample_rate",
1133 .data = &sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate,
1134 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate),
1136 .proc_handler = perf_proc_update_handler,
1140 .procname = "perf_cpu_time_max_percent",
1141 .data = &sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent,
1142 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_perf_cpu_time_max_percent),
1144 .proc_handler = perf_cpu_time_max_percent_handler,
1146 .extra2 = &one_hundred,
1149 .procname = "perf_event_max_stack",
1150 .data = &sysctl_perf_event_max_stack,
1151 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_perf_event_max_stack),
1153 .proc_handler = perf_event_max_stack_handler,
1155 .extra2 = &six_hundred_forty_kb,
1158 .procname = "perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack",
1159 .data = &sysctl_perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack,
1160 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack),
1162 .proc_handler = perf_event_max_stack_handler,
1164 .extra2 = &one_thousand,
1167 #ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
1169 .procname = "kmemcheck",
1170 .data = &kmemcheck_enabled,
1171 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1173 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1177 .procname = "panic_on_warn",
1178 .data = &panic_on_warn,
1179 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1181 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1185 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON)
1187 .procname = "timer_migration",
1188 .data = &sysctl_timer_migration,
1189 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
1191 .proc_handler = timer_migration_handler,
1194 #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
1196 .procname = "unprivileged_bpf_disabled",
1197 .data = &sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled,
1198 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled),
1200 /* only handle a transition from default "0" to "1" */
1201 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1206 #if defined(CONFIG_TREE_RCU) || defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU)
1208 .procname = "panic_on_rcu_stall",
1209 .data = &sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall,
1210 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall),
1212 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1220 static struct ctl_table vm_table[] = {
1222 .procname = "overcommit_memory",
1223 .data = &sysctl_overcommit_memory,
1224 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_overcommit_memory),
1226 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1231 .procname = "panic_on_oom",
1232 .data = &sysctl_panic_on_oom,
1233 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_panic_on_oom),
1235 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1240 .procname = "oom_kill_allocating_task",
1241 .data = &sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task,
1242 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task),
1244 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1247 .procname = "oom_dump_tasks",
1248 .data = &sysctl_oom_dump_tasks,
1249 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_oom_dump_tasks),
1251 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1254 .procname = "overcommit_ratio",
1255 .data = &sysctl_overcommit_ratio,
1256 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_overcommit_ratio),
1258 .proc_handler = overcommit_ratio_handler,
1261 .procname = "overcommit_kbytes",
1262 .data = &sysctl_overcommit_kbytes,
1263 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_overcommit_kbytes),
1265 .proc_handler = overcommit_kbytes_handler,
1268 .procname = "page-cluster",
1269 .data = &page_cluster,
1270 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1272 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1276 .procname = "dirty_background_ratio",
1277 .data = &dirty_background_ratio,
1278 .maxlen = sizeof(dirty_background_ratio),
1280 .proc_handler = dirty_background_ratio_handler,
1282 .extra2 = &one_hundred,
1285 .procname = "dirty_background_bytes",
1286 .data = &dirty_background_bytes,
1287 .maxlen = sizeof(dirty_background_bytes),
1289 .proc_handler = dirty_background_bytes_handler,
1293 .procname = "dirty_ratio",
1294 .data = &vm_dirty_ratio,
1295 .maxlen = sizeof(vm_dirty_ratio),
1297 .proc_handler = dirty_ratio_handler,
1299 .extra2 = &one_hundred,
1302 .procname = "dirty_bytes",
1303 .data = &vm_dirty_bytes,
1304 .maxlen = sizeof(vm_dirty_bytes),
1306 .proc_handler = dirty_bytes_handler,
1307 .extra1 = &dirty_bytes_min,
1310 .procname = "dirty_writeback_centisecs",
1311 .data = &dirty_writeback_interval,
1312 .maxlen = sizeof(dirty_writeback_interval),
1314 .proc_handler = dirty_writeback_centisecs_handler,
1317 .procname = "dirty_expire_centisecs",
1318 .data = &dirty_expire_interval,
1319 .maxlen = sizeof(dirty_expire_interval),
1321 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1325 .procname = "dirtytime_expire_seconds",
1326 .data = &dirtytime_expire_interval,
1327 .maxlen = sizeof(dirty_expire_interval),
1329 .proc_handler = dirtytime_interval_handler,
1333 .procname = "nr_pdflush_threads",
1334 .mode = 0444 /* read-only */,
1335 .proc_handler = pdflush_proc_obsolete,
1338 .procname = "swappiness",
1339 .data = &vm_swappiness,
1340 .maxlen = sizeof(vm_swappiness),
1342 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1344 .extra2 = &one_hundred,
1346 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
1348 .procname = "nr_hugepages",
1350 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long),
1352 .proc_handler = hugetlb_sysctl_handler,
1356 .procname = "nr_hugepages_mempolicy",
1358 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long),
1360 .proc_handler = &hugetlb_mempolicy_sysctl_handler,
1364 .procname = "hugetlb_shm_group",
1365 .data = &sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group,
1366 .maxlen = sizeof(gid_t),
1368 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1371 .procname = "hugepages_treat_as_movable",
1372 .data = &hugepages_treat_as_movable,
1373 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1375 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1378 .procname = "nr_overcommit_hugepages",
1380 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long),
1382 .proc_handler = hugetlb_overcommit_handler,
1386 .procname = "lowmem_reserve_ratio",
1387 .data = &sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio,
1388 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio),
1390 .proc_handler = lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler,
1393 .procname = "drop_caches",
1394 .data = &sysctl_drop_caches,
1395 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1397 .proc_handler = drop_caches_sysctl_handler,
1401 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
1403 .procname = "compact_memory",
1404 .data = &sysctl_compact_memory,
1405 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1407 .proc_handler = sysctl_compaction_handler,
1410 .procname = "extfrag_threshold",
1411 .data = &sysctl_extfrag_threshold,
1412 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1414 .proc_handler = sysctl_extfrag_handler,
1415 .extra1 = &min_extfrag_threshold,
1416 .extra2 = &max_extfrag_threshold,
1419 .procname = "compact_unevictable_allowed",
1420 .data = &sysctl_compact_unevictable_allowed,
1421 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1423 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1428 #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
1430 .procname = "min_free_kbytes",
1431 .data = &min_free_kbytes,
1432 .maxlen = sizeof(min_free_kbytes),
1434 .proc_handler = min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler,
1438 .procname = "watermark_scale_factor",
1439 .data = &watermark_scale_factor,
1440 .maxlen = sizeof(watermark_scale_factor),
1442 .proc_handler = watermark_scale_factor_sysctl_handler,
1444 .extra2 = &one_thousand,
1447 .procname = "percpu_pagelist_fraction",
1448 .data = &percpu_pagelist_fraction,
1449 .maxlen = sizeof(percpu_pagelist_fraction),
1451 .proc_handler = percpu_pagelist_fraction_sysctl_handler,
1456 .procname = "max_map_count",
1457 .data = &sysctl_max_map_count,
1458 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_max_map_count),
1460 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1465 .procname = "nr_trim_pages",
1466 .data = &sysctl_nr_trim_pages,
1467 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_nr_trim_pages),
1469 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1474 .procname = "laptop_mode",
1475 .data = &laptop_mode,
1476 .maxlen = sizeof(laptop_mode),
1478 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_jiffies,
1481 .procname = "block_dump",
1482 .data = &block_dump,
1483 .maxlen = sizeof(block_dump),
1485 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1489 .procname = "vfs_cache_pressure",
1490 .data = &sysctl_vfs_cache_pressure,
1491 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_vfs_cache_pressure),
1493 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1496 #ifdef HAVE_ARCH_PICK_MMAP_LAYOUT
1498 .procname = "legacy_va_layout",
1499 .data = &sysctl_legacy_va_layout,
1500 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_legacy_va_layout),
1502 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1508 .procname = "zone_reclaim_mode",
1509 .data = &node_reclaim_mode,
1510 .maxlen = sizeof(node_reclaim_mode),
1512 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1516 .procname = "min_unmapped_ratio",
1517 .data = &sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio,
1518 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio),
1520 .proc_handler = sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio_sysctl_handler,
1522 .extra2 = &one_hundred,
1525 .procname = "min_slab_ratio",
1526 .data = &sysctl_min_slab_ratio,
1527 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_min_slab_ratio),
1529 .proc_handler = sysctl_min_slab_ratio_sysctl_handler,
1531 .extra2 = &one_hundred,
1536 .procname = "stat_interval",
1537 .data = &sysctl_stat_interval,
1538 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_stat_interval),
1540 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_jiffies,
1543 .procname = "stat_refresh",
1547 .proc_handler = vmstat_refresh,
1552 .procname = "mmap_min_addr",
1553 .data = &dac_mmap_min_addr,
1554 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long),
1556 .proc_handler = mmap_min_addr_handler,
1561 .procname = "numa_zonelist_order",
1562 .data = &numa_zonelist_order,
1563 .maxlen = NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN,
1565 .proc_handler = numa_zonelist_order_handler,
1568 #if (defined(CONFIG_X86_32) && !defined(CONFIG_UML))|| \
1569 (defined(CONFIG_SUPERH) && defined(CONFIG_VSYSCALL))
1571 .procname = "vdso_enabled",
1572 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1573 .data = &vdso32_enabled,
1574 .maxlen = sizeof(vdso32_enabled),
1576 .data = &vdso_enabled,
1577 .maxlen = sizeof(vdso_enabled),
1580 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1584 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
1586 .procname = "highmem_is_dirtyable",
1587 .data = &vm_highmem_is_dirtyable,
1588 .maxlen = sizeof(vm_highmem_is_dirtyable),
1590 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1595 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
1597 .procname = "memory_failure_early_kill",
1598 .data = &sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill,
1599 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill),
1601 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1606 .procname = "memory_failure_recovery",
1607 .data = &sysctl_memory_failure_recovery,
1608 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_memory_failure_recovery),
1610 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1616 .procname = "user_reserve_kbytes",
1617 .data = &sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes,
1618 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes),
1620 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1623 .procname = "admin_reserve_kbytes",
1624 .data = &sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes,
1625 .maxlen = sizeof(sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes),
1627 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1629 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
1631 .procname = "mmap_rnd_bits",
1632 .data = &mmap_rnd_bits,
1633 .maxlen = sizeof(mmap_rnd_bits),
1635 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1636 .extra1 = (void *)&mmap_rnd_bits_min,
1637 .extra2 = (void *)&mmap_rnd_bits_max,
1640 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
1642 .procname = "mmap_rnd_compat_bits",
1643 .data = &mmap_rnd_compat_bits,
1644 .maxlen = sizeof(mmap_rnd_compat_bits),
1646 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1647 .extra1 = (void *)&mmap_rnd_compat_bits_min,
1648 .extra2 = (void *)&mmap_rnd_compat_bits_max,
1654 static struct ctl_table fs_table[] = {
1656 .procname = "inode-nr",
1657 .data = &inodes_stat,
1658 .maxlen = 2*sizeof(long),
1660 .proc_handler = proc_nr_inodes,
1663 .procname = "inode-state",
1664 .data = &inodes_stat,
1665 .maxlen = 7*sizeof(long),
1667 .proc_handler = proc_nr_inodes,
1670 .procname = "file-nr",
1671 .data = &files_stat,
1672 .maxlen = sizeof(files_stat),
1674 .proc_handler = proc_nr_files,
1677 .procname = "file-max",
1678 .data = &files_stat.max_files,
1679 .maxlen = sizeof(files_stat.max_files),
1681 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1684 .procname = "nr_open",
1685 .data = &sysctl_nr_open,
1686 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
1688 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1689 .extra1 = &sysctl_nr_open_min,
1690 .extra2 = &sysctl_nr_open_max,
1693 .procname = "dentry-state",
1694 .data = &dentry_stat,
1695 .maxlen = 6*sizeof(long),
1697 .proc_handler = proc_nr_dentry,
1700 .procname = "overflowuid",
1701 .data = &fs_overflowuid,
1702 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1704 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1705 .extra1 = &minolduid,
1706 .extra2 = &maxolduid,
1709 .procname = "overflowgid",
1710 .data = &fs_overflowgid,
1711 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1713 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1714 .extra1 = &minolduid,
1715 .extra2 = &maxolduid,
1717 #ifdef CONFIG_FILE_LOCKING
1719 .procname = "leases-enable",
1720 .data = &leases_enable,
1721 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1723 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1726 #ifdef CONFIG_DNOTIFY
1728 .procname = "dir-notify-enable",
1729 .data = &dir_notify_enable,
1730 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1732 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1736 #ifdef CONFIG_FILE_LOCKING
1738 .procname = "lease-break-time",
1739 .data = &lease_break_time,
1740 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1742 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
1747 .procname = "aio-nr",
1749 .maxlen = sizeof(aio_nr),
1751 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1754 .procname = "aio-max-nr",
1755 .data = &aio_max_nr,
1756 .maxlen = sizeof(aio_max_nr),
1758 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1760 #endif /* CONFIG_AIO */
1761 #ifdef CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER
1763 .procname = "inotify",
1765 .child = inotify_table,
1770 .procname = "epoll",
1772 .child = epoll_table,
1777 .procname = "protected_symlinks",
1778 .data = &sysctl_protected_symlinks,
1779 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1781 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1786 .procname = "protected_hardlinks",
1787 .data = &sysctl_protected_hardlinks,
1788 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1790 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1795 .procname = "suid_dumpable",
1796 .data = &suid_dumpable,
1797 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1799 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax_coredump,
1803 #if defined(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) || defined(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC_MODULE)
1805 .procname = "binfmt_misc",
1807 .child = sysctl_mount_point,
1811 .procname = "pipe-max-size",
1812 .data = &pipe_max_size,
1813 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1815 .proc_handler = &pipe_proc_fn,
1816 .extra1 = &pipe_min_size,
1819 .procname = "pipe-user-pages-hard",
1820 .data = &pipe_user_pages_hard,
1821 .maxlen = sizeof(pipe_user_pages_hard),
1823 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1826 .procname = "pipe-user-pages-soft",
1827 .data = &pipe_user_pages_soft,
1828 .maxlen = sizeof(pipe_user_pages_soft),
1830 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
1833 .procname = "mount-max",
1834 .data = &sysctl_mount_max,
1835 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
1837 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
1843 static struct ctl_table debug_table[] = {
1844 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL_EXCEPTION_TRACE
1846 .procname = "exception-trace",
1847 .data = &show_unhandled_signals,
1848 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1850 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec
1853 #if defined(CONFIG_OPTPROBES)
1855 .procname = "kprobes-optimization",
1856 .data = &sysctl_kprobes_optimization,
1857 .maxlen = sizeof(int),
1859 .proc_handler = proc_kprobes_optimization_handler,
1867 static struct ctl_table dev_table[] = {
1871 int __init sysctl_init(void)
1873 struct ctl_table_header *hdr;
1875 hdr = register_sysctl_table(sysctl_base_table);
1876 kmemleak_not_leak(hdr);
1880 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
1886 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
1888 static int _proc_do_string(char *data, int maxlen, int write,
1889 char __user *buffer,
1890 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
1896 if (!data || !maxlen || !*lenp) {
1902 if (sysctl_writes_strict == SYSCTL_WRITES_STRICT) {
1903 /* Only continue writes not past the end of buffer. */
1905 if (len > maxlen - 1)
1912 /* Start writing from beginning of buffer. */
1918 while ((p - buffer) < *lenp && len < maxlen - 1) {
1919 if (get_user(c, p++))
1921 if (c == 0 || c == '\n')
1942 if (copy_to_user(buffer, data, len))
1945 if (put_user('\n', buffer + len))
1955 static void warn_sysctl_write(struct ctl_table *table)
1957 pr_warn_once("%s wrote to %s when file position was not 0!\n"
1958 "This will not be supported in the future. To silence this\n"
1959 "warning, set kernel.sysctl_writes_strict = -1\n",
1960 current->comm, table->procname);
1964 * proc_dostring - read a string sysctl
1965 * @table: the sysctl table
1966 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
1967 * @buffer: the user buffer
1968 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
1969 * @ppos: file position
1971 * Reads/writes a string from/to the user buffer. If the kernel
1972 * buffer provided is not large enough to hold the string, the
1973 * string is truncated. The copied string is %NULL-terminated.
1974 * If the string is being read by the user process, it is copied
1975 * and a newline '\n' is added. It is truncated if the buffer is
1978 * Returns 0 on success.
1980 int proc_dostring(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
1981 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
1983 if (write && *ppos && sysctl_writes_strict == SYSCTL_WRITES_WARN)
1984 warn_sysctl_write(table);
1986 return _proc_do_string((char *)(table->data), table->maxlen, write,
1987 (char __user *)buffer, lenp, ppos);
1990 static size_t proc_skip_spaces(char **buf)
1993 char *tmp = skip_spaces(*buf);
1999 static void proc_skip_char(char **buf, size_t *size, const char v)
2009 #define TMPBUFLEN 22
2011 * proc_get_long - reads an ASCII formatted integer from a user buffer
2013 * @buf: a kernel buffer
2014 * @size: size of the kernel buffer
2015 * @val: this is where the number will be stored
2016 * @neg: set to %TRUE if number is negative
2017 * @perm_tr: a vector which contains the allowed trailers
2018 * @perm_tr_len: size of the perm_tr vector
2019 * @tr: pointer to store the trailer character
2021 * In case of success %0 is returned and @buf and @size are updated with
2022 * the amount of bytes read. If @tr is non-NULL and a trailing
2023 * character exists (size is non-zero after returning from this
2024 * function), @tr is updated with the trailing character.
2026 static int proc_get_long(char **buf, size_t *size,
2027 unsigned long *val, bool *neg,
2028 const char *perm_tr, unsigned perm_tr_len, char *tr)
2031 char *p, tmp[TMPBUFLEN];
2037 if (len > TMPBUFLEN - 1)
2038 len = TMPBUFLEN - 1;
2040 memcpy(tmp, *buf, len);
2044 if (*p == '-' && *size > 1) {
2052 *val = simple_strtoul(p, &p, 0);
2056 /* We don't know if the next char is whitespace thus we may accept
2057 * invalid integers (e.g. 1234...a) or two integers instead of one
2058 * (e.g. 123...1). So lets not allow such large numbers. */
2059 if (len == TMPBUFLEN - 1)
2062 if (len < *size && perm_tr_len && !memchr(perm_tr, *p, perm_tr_len))
2065 if (tr && (len < *size))
2075 * proc_put_long - converts an integer to a decimal ASCII formatted string
2077 * @buf: the user buffer
2078 * @size: the size of the user buffer
2079 * @val: the integer to be converted
2080 * @neg: sign of the number, %TRUE for negative
2082 * In case of success %0 is returned and @buf and @size are updated with
2083 * the amount of bytes written.
2085 static int proc_put_long(void __user **buf, size_t *size, unsigned long val,
2089 char tmp[TMPBUFLEN], *p = tmp;
2091 sprintf(p, "%s%lu", neg ? "-" : "", val);
2095 if (copy_to_user(*buf, tmp, len))
2103 static int proc_put_char(void __user **buf, size_t *size, char c)
2106 char __user **buffer = (char __user **)buf;
2107 if (put_user(c, *buffer))
2109 (*size)--, (*buffer)++;
2115 static int do_proc_dointvec_conv(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
2117 int write, void *data)
2121 if (*lvalp > (unsigned long) INT_MAX + 1)
2125 if (*lvalp > (unsigned long) INT_MAX)
2133 *lvalp = -(unsigned long)val;
2136 *lvalp = (unsigned long)val;
2142 static int do_proc_douintvec_conv(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
2144 int write, void *data)
2151 unsigned int val = *valp;
2152 *lvalp = (unsigned long)val;
2157 static const char proc_wspace_sep[] = { ' ', '\t', '\n' };
2159 static int __do_proc_dointvec(void *tbl_data, struct ctl_table *table,
2160 int write, void __user *buffer,
2161 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos,
2162 int (*conv)(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp, int *valp,
2163 int write, void *data),
2166 int *i, vleft, first = 1, err = 0;
2168 char *kbuf = NULL, *p;
2170 if (!tbl_data || !table->maxlen || !*lenp || (*ppos && !write)) {
2175 i = (int *) tbl_data;
2176 vleft = table->maxlen / sizeof(*i);
2180 conv = do_proc_dointvec_conv;
2184 switch (sysctl_writes_strict) {
2185 case SYSCTL_WRITES_STRICT:
2187 case SYSCTL_WRITES_WARN:
2188 warn_sysctl_write(table);
2195 if (left > PAGE_SIZE - 1)
2196 left = PAGE_SIZE - 1;
2197 p = kbuf = memdup_user_nul(buffer, left);
2199 return PTR_ERR(kbuf);
2202 for (; left && vleft--; i++, first=0) {
2207 left -= proc_skip_spaces(&p);
2211 err = proc_get_long(&p, &left, &lval, &neg,
2213 sizeof(proc_wspace_sep), NULL);
2216 if (conv(&neg, &lval, i, 1, data)) {
2221 if (conv(&neg, &lval, i, 0, data)) {
2226 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, '\t');
2229 err = proc_put_long(&buffer, &left, lval, neg);
2235 if (!write && !first && left && !err)
2236 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, '\n');
2237 if (write && !err && left)
2238 left -= proc_skip_spaces(&p);
2242 return err ? : -EINVAL;
2250 static int do_proc_dointvec(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2251 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos,
2252 int (*conv)(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp, int *valp,
2253 int write, void *data),
2256 return __do_proc_dointvec(table->data, table, write,
2257 buffer, lenp, ppos, conv, data);
2261 * proc_dointvec - read a vector of integers
2262 * @table: the sysctl table
2263 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2264 * @buffer: the user buffer
2265 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2266 * @ppos: file position
2268 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) integer
2269 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2271 * Returns 0 on success.
2273 int proc_dointvec(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2274 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2276 return do_proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos, NULL, NULL);
2280 * proc_douintvec - read a vector of unsigned integers
2281 * @table: the sysctl table
2282 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2283 * @buffer: the user buffer
2284 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2285 * @ppos: file position
2287 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) unsigned integer
2288 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2290 * Returns 0 on success.
2292 int proc_douintvec(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2293 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2295 return do_proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos,
2296 do_proc_douintvec_conv, NULL);
2300 * Taint values can only be increased
2301 * This means we can safely use a temporary.
2303 static int proc_taint(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2304 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2307 unsigned long tmptaint = get_taint();
2310 if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
2315 err = proc_doulongvec_minmax(&t, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
2321 * Poor man's atomic or. Not worth adding a primitive
2322 * to everyone's atomic.h for this
2325 for (i = 0; i < BITS_PER_LONG && tmptaint >> i; i++) {
2326 if ((tmptaint >> i) & 1)
2327 add_taint(i, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK);
2334 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
2335 static int proc_dointvec_minmax_sysadmin(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2336 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2338 if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
2341 return proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
2345 struct do_proc_dointvec_minmax_conv_param {
2350 static int do_proc_dointvec_minmax_conv(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
2352 int write, void *data)
2354 struct do_proc_dointvec_minmax_conv_param *param = data;
2356 int val = *negp ? -*lvalp : *lvalp;
2357 if ((param->min && *param->min > val) ||
2358 (param->max && *param->max < val))
2365 *lvalp = -(unsigned long)val;
2368 *lvalp = (unsigned long)val;
2375 * proc_dointvec_minmax - read a vector of integers with min/max values
2376 * @table: the sysctl table
2377 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2378 * @buffer: the user buffer
2379 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2380 * @ppos: file position
2382 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) integer
2383 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2385 * This routine will ensure the values are within the range specified by
2386 * table->extra1 (min) and table->extra2 (max).
2388 * Returns 0 on success.
2390 int proc_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2391 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2393 struct do_proc_dointvec_minmax_conv_param param = {
2394 .min = (int *) table->extra1,
2395 .max = (int *) table->extra2,
2397 return do_proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos,
2398 do_proc_dointvec_minmax_conv, ¶m);
2401 static void validate_coredump_safety(void)
2403 #ifdef CONFIG_COREDUMP
2404 if (suid_dumpable == SUID_DUMP_ROOT &&
2405 core_pattern[0] != '/' && core_pattern[0] != '|') {
2406 printk(KERN_WARNING "Unsafe core_pattern used with "\
2407 "suid_dumpable=2. Pipe handler or fully qualified "\
2408 "core dump path required.\n");
2413 static int proc_dointvec_minmax_coredump(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2414 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2416 int error = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
2418 validate_coredump_safety();
2422 #ifdef CONFIG_COREDUMP
2423 static int proc_dostring_coredump(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2424 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2426 int error = proc_dostring(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
2428 validate_coredump_safety();
2433 static int __do_proc_doulongvec_minmax(void *data, struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2434 void __user *buffer,
2435 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos,
2436 unsigned long convmul,
2437 unsigned long convdiv)
2439 unsigned long *i, *min, *max;
2440 int vleft, first = 1, err = 0;
2442 char *kbuf = NULL, *p;
2444 if (!data || !table->maxlen || !*lenp || (*ppos && !write)) {
2449 i = (unsigned long *) data;
2450 min = (unsigned long *) table->extra1;
2451 max = (unsigned long *) table->extra2;
2452 vleft = table->maxlen / sizeof(unsigned long);
2457 switch (sysctl_writes_strict) {
2458 case SYSCTL_WRITES_STRICT:
2460 case SYSCTL_WRITES_WARN:
2461 warn_sysctl_write(table);
2468 if (left > PAGE_SIZE - 1)
2469 left = PAGE_SIZE - 1;
2470 p = kbuf = memdup_user_nul(buffer, left);
2472 return PTR_ERR(kbuf);
2475 for (; left && vleft--; i++, first = 0) {
2481 left -= proc_skip_spaces(&p);
2483 err = proc_get_long(&p, &left, &val, &neg,
2485 sizeof(proc_wspace_sep), NULL);
2490 if ((min && val < *min) || (max && val > *max))
2494 val = convdiv * (*i) / convmul;
2496 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, '\t');
2500 err = proc_put_long(&buffer, &left, val, false);
2506 if (!write && !first && left && !err)
2507 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, '\n');
2509 left -= proc_skip_spaces(&p);
2513 return err ? : -EINVAL;
2521 static int do_proc_doulongvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2522 void __user *buffer,
2523 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos,
2524 unsigned long convmul,
2525 unsigned long convdiv)
2527 return __do_proc_doulongvec_minmax(table->data, table, write,
2528 buffer, lenp, ppos, convmul, convdiv);
2532 * proc_doulongvec_minmax - read a vector of long integers with min/max values
2533 * @table: the sysctl table
2534 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2535 * @buffer: the user buffer
2536 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2537 * @ppos: file position
2539 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned long) unsigned long
2540 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2542 * This routine will ensure the values are within the range specified by
2543 * table->extra1 (min) and table->extra2 (max).
2545 * Returns 0 on success.
2547 int proc_doulongvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2548 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2550 return do_proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos, 1l, 1l);
2554 * proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax - read a vector of millisecond values with min/max values
2555 * @table: the sysctl table
2556 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2557 * @buffer: the user buffer
2558 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2559 * @ppos: file position
2561 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned long) unsigned long
2562 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string. The values
2563 * are treated as milliseconds, and converted to jiffies when they are stored.
2565 * This routine will ensure the values are within the range specified by
2566 * table->extra1 (min) and table->extra2 (max).
2568 * Returns 0 on success.
2570 int proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2571 void __user *buffer,
2572 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2574 return do_proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer,
2575 lenp, ppos, HZ, 1000l);
2579 static int do_proc_dointvec_jiffies_conv(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
2581 int write, void *data)
2584 if (*lvalp > LONG_MAX / HZ)
2586 *valp = *negp ? -(*lvalp*HZ) : (*lvalp*HZ);
2592 lval = -(unsigned long)val;
2595 lval = (unsigned long)val;
2602 static int do_proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies_conv(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
2604 int write, void *data)
2607 if (USER_HZ < HZ && *lvalp > (LONG_MAX / HZ) * USER_HZ)
2609 *valp = clock_t_to_jiffies(*negp ? -*lvalp : *lvalp);
2615 lval = -(unsigned long)val;
2618 lval = (unsigned long)val;
2620 *lvalp = jiffies_to_clock_t(lval);
2625 static int do_proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies_conv(bool *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
2627 int write, void *data)
2630 unsigned long jif = msecs_to_jiffies(*negp ? -*lvalp : *lvalp);
2640 lval = -(unsigned long)val;
2643 lval = (unsigned long)val;
2645 *lvalp = jiffies_to_msecs(lval);
2651 * proc_dointvec_jiffies - read a vector of integers as seconds
2652 * @table: the sysctl table
2653 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2654 * @buffer: the user buffer
2655 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2656 * @ppos: file position
2658 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) integer
2659 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2660 * The values read are assumed to be in seconds, and are converted into
2663 * Returns 0 on success.
2665 int proc_dointvec_jiffies(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2666 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2668 return do_proc_dointvec(table,write,buffer,lenp,ppos,
2669 do_proc_dointvec_jiffies_conv,NULL);
2673 * proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies - read a vector of integers as 1/USER_HZ seconds
2674 * @table: the sysctl table
2675 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2676 * @buffer: the user buffer
2677 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2678 * @ppos: pointer to the file position
2680 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) integer
2681 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2682 * The values read are assumed to be in 1/USER_HZ seconds, and
2683 * are converted into jiffies.
2685 * Returns 0 on success.
2687 int proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2688 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2690 return do_proc_dointvec(table,write,buffer,lenp,ppos,
2691 do_proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies_conv,NULL);
2695 * proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies - read a vector of integers as 1 milliseconds
2696 * @table: the sysctl table
2697 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2698 * @buffer: the user buffer
2699 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2700 * @ppos: file position
2701 * @ppos: the current position in the file
2703 * Reads/writes up to table->maxlen/sizeof(unsigned int) integer
2704 * values from/to the user buffer, treated as an ASCII string.
2705 * The values read are assumed to be in 1/1000 seconds, and
2706 * are converted into jiffies.
2708 * Returns 0 on success.
2710 int proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2711 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2713 return do_proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos,
2714 do_proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies_conv, NULL);
2717 static int proc_do_cad_pid(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2718 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2720 struct pid *new_pid;
2724 tmp = pid_vnr(cad_pid);
2726 r = __do_proc_dointvec(&tmp, table, write, buffer,
2727 lenp, ppos, NULL, NULL);
2731 new_pid = find_get_pid(tmp);
2735 put_pid(xchg(&cad_pid, new_pid));
2740 * proc_do_large_bitmap - read/write from/to a large bitmap
2741 * @table: the sysctl table
2742 * @write: %TRUE if this is a write to the sysctl file
2743 * @buffer: the user buffer
2744 * @lenp: the size of the user buffer
2745 * @ppos: file position
2747 * The bitmap is stored at table->data and the bitmap length (in bits)
2750 * We use a range comma separated format (e.g. 1,3-4,10-10) so that
2751 * large bitmaps may be represented in a compact manner. Writing into
2752 * the file will clear the bitmap then update it with the given input.
2754 * Returns 0 on success.
2756 int proc_do_large_bitmap(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2757 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2761 size_t left = *lenp;
2762 unsigned long bitmap_len = table->maxlen;
2763 unsigned long *bitmap = *(unsigned long **) table->data;
2764 unsigned long *tmp_bitmap = NULL;
2765 char tr_a[] = { '-', ',', '\n' }, tr_b[] = { ',', '\n', 0 }, c;
2767 if (!bitmap || !bitmap_len || !left || (*ppos && !write)) {
2775 if (left > PAGE_SIZE - 1)
2776 left = PAGE_SIZE - 1;
2778 p = kbuf = memdup_user_nul(buffer, left);
2780 return PTR_ERR(kbuf);
2782 tmp_bitmap = kzalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(bitmap_len) * sizeof(unsigned long),
2788 proc_skip_char(&p, &left, '\n');
2789 while (!err && left) {
2790 unsigned long val_a, val_b;
2793 err = proc_get_long(&p, &left, &val_a, &neg, tr_a,
2797 if (val_a >= bitmap_len || neg) {
2809 err = proc_get_long(&p, &left, &val_b,
2810 &neg, tr_b, sizeof(tr_b),
2814 if (val_b >= bitmap_len || neg ||
2825 bitmap_set(tmp_bitmap, val_a, val_b - val_a + 1);
2827 proc_skip_char(&p, &left, '\n');
2831 unsigned long bit_a, bit_b = 0;
2834 bit_a = find_next_bit(bitmap, bitmap_len, bit_b);
2835 if (bit_a >= bitmap_len)
2837 bit_b = find_next_zero_bit(bitmap, bitmap_len,
2841 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, ',');
2845 err = proc_put_long(&buffer, &left, bit_a, false);
2848 if (bit_a != bit_b) {
2849 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, '-');
2852 err = proc_put_long(&buffer, &left, bit_b, false);
2860 err = proc_put_char(&buffer, &left, '\n');
2866 bitmap_or(bitmap, bitmap, tmp_bitmap, bitmap_len);
2868 bitmap_copy(bitmap, tmp_bitmap, bitmap_len);
2880 #else /* CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL */
2882 int proc_dostring(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2883 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2888 int proc_dointvec(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2889 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2894 int proc_douintvec(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2895 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2900 int proc_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2901 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2906 int proc_dointvec_jiffies(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2907 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2912 int proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2913 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2918 int proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2919 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2924 int proc_doulongvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2925 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2930 int proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
2931 void __user *buffer,
2932 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
2938 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL */
2941 * No sense putting this after each symbol definition, twice,
2942 * exception granted :-)
2944 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec);
2945 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_douintvec);
2946 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec_jiffies);
2947 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec_minmax);
2948 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies);
2949 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies);
2950 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_dostring);
2951 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_doulongvec_minmax);
2952 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax);