arm64: introduce aarch64_insn_gen_load_store_reg()
[linux-2.6-block.git] / arch / arm64 / kernel / insn.c
CommitLineData
b11a64a4
JL
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2013 Huawei Ltd.
3 * Author: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
4 *
617d2fbc
ZSL
5 * Copyright (C) 2014 Zi Shen Lim <zlim.lnx@gmail.com>
6 *
b11a64a4
JL
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 *
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 *
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
18 */
5c5bf25d 19#include <linux/bitops.h>
b11a64a4
JL
20#include <linux/compiler.h>
21#include <linux/kernel.h>
ae164807
JL
22#include <linux/smp.h>
23#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
24#include <linux/uaccess.h>
25#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
b11a64a4
JL
26#include <asm/insn.h>
27
617d2fbc
ZSL
28#define AARCH64_INSN_SF_BIT BIT(31)
29
b11a64a4
JL
30static int aarch64_insn_encoding_class[] = {
31 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_UNKNOWN,
32 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_UNKNOWN,
33 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_UNKNOWN,
34 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_UNKNOWN,
35 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_LDST,
36 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_DP_REG,
37 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_LDST,
38 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_DP_FPSIMD,
39 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_DP_IMM,
40 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_DP_IMM,
41 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_BR_SYS,
42 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_BR_SYS,
43 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_LDST,
44 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_DP_REG,
45 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_LDST,
46 AARCH64_INSN_CLS_DP_FPSIMD,
47};
48
49enum aarch64_insn_encoding_class __kprobes aarch64_get_insn_class(u32 insn)
50{
51 return aarch64_insn_encoding_class[(insn >> 25) & 0xf];
52}
53
54/* NOP is an alias of HINT */
55bool __kprobes aarch64_insn_is_nop(u32 insn)
56{
57 if (!aarch64_insn_is_hint(insn))
58 return false;
59
60 switch (insn & 0xFE0) {
61 case AARCH64_INSN_HINT_YIELD:
62 case AARCH64_INSN_HINT_WFE:
63 case AARCH64_INSN_HINT_WFI:
64 case AARCH64_INSN_HINT_SEV:
65 case AARCH64_INSN_HINT_SEVL:
66 return false;
67 default:
68 return true;
69 }
70}
71
ae164807
JL
72/*
73 * In ARMv8-A, A64 instructions have a fixed length of 32 bits and are always
74 * little-endian.
75 */
76int __kprobes aarch64_insn_read(void *addr, u32 *insnp)
77{
78 int ret;
79 u32 val;
80
81 ret = probe_kernel_read(&val, addr, AARCH64_INSN_SIZE);
82 if (!ret)
83 *insnp = le32_to_cpu(val);
84
85 return ret;
86}
87
88int __kprobes aarch64_insn_write(void *addr, u32 insn)
89{
90 insn = cpu_to_le32(insn);
91 return probe_kernel_write(addr, &insn, AARCH64_INSN_SIZE);
92}
93
b11a64a4
JL
94static bool __kprobes __aarch64_insn_hotpatch_safe(u32 insn)
95{
96 if (aarch64_get_insn_class(insn) != AARCH64_INSN_CLS_BR_SYS)
97 return false;
98
99 return aarch64_insn_is_b(insn) ||
100 aarch64_insn_is_bl(insn) ||
101 aarch64_insn_is_svc(insn) ||
102 aarch64_insn_is_hvc(insn) ||
103 aarch64_insn_is_smc(insn) ||
104 aarch64_insn_is_brk(insn) ||
105 aarch64_insn_is_nop(insn);
106}
107
108/*
109 * ARM Architecture Reference Manual for ARMv8 Profile-A, Issue A.a
110 * Section B2.6.5 "Concurrent modification and execution of instructions":
111 * Concurrent modification and execution of instructions can lead to the
112 * resulting instruction performing any behavior that can be achieved by
113 * executing any sequence of instructions that can be executed from the
114 * same Exception level, except where the instruction before modification
115 * and the instruction after modification is a B, BL, NOP, BKPT, SVC, HVC,
116 * or SMC instruction.
117 */
118bool __kprobes aarch64_insn_hotpatch_safe(u32 old_insn, u32 new_insn)
119{
120 return __aarch64_insn_hotpatch_safe(old_insn) &&
121 __aarch64_insn_hotpatch_safe(new_insn);
122}
ae164807
JL
123
124int __kprobes aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(void *addr, u32 insn)
125{
126 u32 *tp = addr;
127 int ret;
128
129 /* A64 instructions must be word aligned */
130 if ((uintptr_t)tp & 0x3)
131 return -EINVAL;
132
133 ret = aarch64_insn_write(tp, insn);
134 if (ret == 0)
135 flush_icache_range((uintptr_t)tp,
136 (uintptr_t)tp + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE);
137
138 return ret;
139}
140
141struct aarch64_insn_patch {
142 void **text_addrs;
143 u32 *new_insns;
144 int insn_cnt;
145 atomic_t cpu_count;
146};
147
148static int __kprobes aarch64_insn_patch_text_cb(void *arg)
149{
150 int i, ret = 0;
151 struct aarch64_insn_patch *pp = arg;
152
153 /* The first CPU becomes master */
154 if (atomic_inc_return(&pp->cpu_count) == 1) {
155 for (i = 0; ret == 0 && i < pp->insn_cnt; i++)
156 ret = aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(pp->text_addrs[i],
157 pp->new_insns[i]);
158 /*
159 * aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync() calls flush_icache_range(),
160 * which ends with "dsb; isb" pair guaranteeing global
161 * visibility.
162 */
163 atomic_set(&pp->cpu_count, -1);
164 } else {
165 while (atomic_read(&pp->cpu_count) != -1)
166 cpu_relax();
167 isb();
168 }
169
170 return ret;
171}
172
173int __kprobes aarch64_insn_patch_text_sync(void *addrs[], u32 insns[], int cnt)
174{
175 struct aarch64_insn_patch patch = {
176 .text_addrs = addrs,
177 .new_insns = insns,
178 .insn_cnt = cnt,
179 .cpu_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0),
180 };
181
182 if (cnt <= 0)
183 return -EINVAL;
184
185 return stop_machine(aarch64_insn_patch_text_cb, &patch,
186 cpu_online_mask);
187}
188
189int __kprobes aarch64_insn_patch_text(void *addrs[], u32 insns[], int cnt)
190{
191 int ret;
192 u32 insn;
193
194 /* Unsafe to patch multiple instructions without synchronizaiton */
195 if (cnt == 1) {
196 ret = aarch64_insn_read(addrs[0], &insn);
197 if (ret)
198 return ret;
199
200 if (aarch64_insn_hotpatch_safe(insn, insns[0])) {
201 /*
202 * ARMv8 architecture doesn't guarantee all CPUs see
203 * the new instruction after returning from function
204 * aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(). So send IPIs to
205 * all other CPUs to achieve instruction
206 * synchronization.
207 */
208 ret = aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(addrs[0], insns[0]);
209 kick_all_cpus_sync();
210 return ret;
211 }
212 }
213
214 return aarch64_insn_patch_text_sync(addrs, insns, cnt);
215}
c84fced8
JL
216
217u32 __kprobes aarch64_insn_encode_immediate(enum aarch64_insn_imm_type type,
218 u32 insn, u64 imm)
219{
220 u32 immlo, immhi, lomask, himask, mask;
221 int shift;
222
223 switch (type) {
224 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_ADR:
225 lomask = 0x3;
226 himask = 0x7ffff;
227 immlo = imm & lomask;
228 imm >>= 2;
229 immhi = imm & himask;
230 imm = (immlo << 24) | (immhi);
231 mask = (lomask << 24) | (himask);
232 shift = 5;
233 break;
234 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_26:
235 mask = BIT(26) - 1;
236 shift = 0;
237 break;
238 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_19:
239 mask = BIT(19) - 1;
240 shift = 5;
241 break;
242 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_16:
243 mask = BIT(16) - 1;
244 shift = 5;
245 break;
246 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_14:
247 mask = BIT(14) - 1;
248 shift = 5;
249 break;
250 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_12:
251 mask = BIT(12) - 1;
252 shift = 10;
253 break;
254 case AARCH64_INSN_IMM_9:
255 mask = BIT(9) - 1;
256 shift = 12;
257 break;
258 default:
259 pr_err("aarch64_insn_encode_immediate: unknown immediate encoding %d\n",
260 type);
261 return 0;
262 }
263
264 /* Update the immediate field. */
265 insn &= ~(mask << shift);
266 insn |= (imm & mask) << shift;
267
268 return insn;
269}
5c5bf25d 270
617d2fbc
ZSL
271static u32 aarch64_insn_encode_register(enum aarch64_insn_register_type type,
272 u32 insn,
273 enum aarch64_insn_register reg)
274{
275 int shift;
276
277 if (reg < AARCH64_INSN_REG_0 || reg > AARCH64_INSN_REG_SP) {
278 pr_err("%s: unknown register encoding %d\n", __func__, reg);
279 return 0;
280 }
281
282 switch (type) {
283 case AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RT:
284 shift = 0;
285 break;
c0cafbae
ZSL
286 case AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RN:
287 shift = 5;
288 break;
17cac179
ZSL
289 case AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RM:
290 shift = 16;
291 break;
617d2fbc
ZSL
292 default:
293 pr_err("%s: unknown register type encoding %d\n", __func__,
294 type);
295 return 0;
296 }
297
298 insn &= ~(GENMASK(4, 0) << shift);
299 insn |= reg << shift;
300
301 return insn;
302}
303
17cac179
ZSL
304static u32 aarch64_insn_encode_ldst_size(enum aarch64_insn_size_type type,
305 u32 insn)
306{
307 u32 size;
308
309 switch (type) {
310 case AARCH64_INSN_SIZE_8:
311 size = 0;
312 break;
313 case AARCH64_INSN_SIZE_16:
314 size = 1;
315 break;
316 case AARCH64_INSN_SIZE_32:
317 size = 2;
318 break;
319 case AARCH64_INSN_SIZE_64:
320 size = 3;
321 break;
322 default:
323 pr_err("%s: unknown size encoding %d\n", __func__, type);
324 return 0;
325 }
326
327 insn &= ~GENMASK(31, 30);
328 insn |= size << 30;
329
330 return insn;
331}
332
617d2fbc
ZSL
333static inline long branch_imm_common(unsigned long pc, unsigned long addr,
334 long range)
5c5bf25d 335{
5c5bf25d
JL
336 long offset;
337
338 /*
339 * PC: A 64-bit Program Counter holding the address of the current
340 * instruction. A64 instructions must be word-aligned.
341 */
342 BUG_ON((pc & 0x3) || (addr & 0x3));
343
617d2fbc
ZSL
344 offset = ((long)addr - (long)pc);
345 BUG_ON(offset < -range || offset >= range);
346
347 return offset;
348}
349
350u32 __kprobes aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(unsigned long pc, unsigned long addr,
351 enum aarch64_insn_branch_type type)
352{
353 u32 insn;
354 long offset;
355
5c5bf25d
JL
356 /*
357 * B/BL support [-128M, 128M) offset
358 * ARM64 virtual address arrangement guarantees all kernel and module
359 * texts are within +/-128M.
360 */
617d2fbc 361 offset = branch_imm_common(pc, addr, SZ_128M);
5c5bf25d 362
c0cafbae
ZSL
363 switch (type) {
364 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK:
5c5bf25d 365 insn = aarch64_insn_get_bl_value();
c0cafbae
ZSL
366 break;
367 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_NOLINK:
5c5bf25d 368 insn = aarch64_insn_get_b_value();
c0cafbae
ZSL
369 break;
370 default:
371 BUG_ON(1);
372 }
5c5bf25d
JL
373
374 return aarch64_insn_encode_immediate(AARCH64_INSN_IMM_26, insn,
375 offset >> 2);
376}
377
617d2fbc
ZSL
378u32 aarch64_insn_gen_comp_branch_imm(unsigned long pc, unsigned long addr,
379 enum aarch64_insn_register reg,
380 enum aarch64_insn_variant variant,
381 enum aarch64_insn_branch_type type)
382{
383 u32 insn;
384 long offset;
385
386 offset = branch_imm_common(pc, addr, SZ_1M);
387
388 switch (type) {
389 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_COMP_ZERO:
390 insn = aarch64_insn_get_cbz_value();
391 break;
392 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_COMP_NONZERO:
393 insn = aarch64_insn_get_cbnz_value();
394 break;
395 default:
396 BUG_ON(1);
397 }
398
399 switch (variant) {
400 case AARCH64_INSN_VARIANT_32BIT:
401 break;
402 case AARCH64_INSN_VARIANT_64BIT:
403 insn |= AARCH64_INSN_SF_BIT;
404 break;
405 default:
406 BUG_ON(1);
407 }
408
409 insn = aarch64_insn_encode_register(AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RT, insn, reg);
410
411 return aarch64_insn_encode_immediate(AARCH64_INSN_IMM_19, insn,
412 offset >> 2);
413}
414
345e0d35
ZSL
415u32 aarch64_insn_gen_cond_branch_imm(unsigned long pc, unsigned long addr,
416 enum aarch64_insn_condition cond)
417{
418 u32 insn;
419 long offset;
420
421 offset = branch_imm_common(pc, addr, SZ_1M);
422
423 insn = aarch64_insn_get_bcond_value();
424
425 BUG_ON(cond < AARCH64_INSN_COND_EQ || cond > AARCH64_INSN_COND_AL);
426 insn |= cond;
427
428 return aarch64_insn_encode_immediate(AARCH64_INSN_IMM_19, insn,
429 offset >> 2);
430}
431
5c5bf25d
JL
432u32 __kprobes aarch64_insn_gen_hint(enum aarch64_insn_hint_op op)
433{
434 return aarch64_insn_get_hint_value() | op;
435}
436
437u32 __kprobes aarch64_insn_gen_nop(void)
438{
439 return aarch64_insn_gen_hint(AARCH64_INSN_HINT_NOP);
440}
c0cafbae
ZSL
441
442u32 aarch64_insn_gen_branch_reg(enum aarch64_insn_register reg,
443 enum aarch64_insn_branch_type type)
444{
445 u32 insn;
446
447 switch (type) {
448 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_NOLINK:
449 insn = aarch64_insn_get_br_value();
450 break;
451 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK:
452 insn = aarch64_insn_get_blr_value();
453 break;
454 case AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_RETURN:
455 insn = aarch64_insn_get_ret_value();
456 break;
457 default:
458 BUG_ON(1);
459 }
460
461 return aarch64_insn_encode_register(AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RN, insn, reg);
462}
17cac179
ZSL
463
464u32 aarch64_insn_gen_load_store_reg(enum aarch64_insn_register reg,
465 enum aarch64_insn_register base,
466 enum aarch64_insn_register offset,
467 enum aarch64_insn_size_type size,
468 enum aarch64_insn_ldst_type type)
469{
470 u32 insn;
471
472 switch (type) {
473 case AARCH64_INSN_LDST_LOAD_REG_OFFSET:
474 insn = aarch64_insn_get_ldr_reg_value();
475 break;
476 case AARCH64_INSN_LDST_STORE_REG_OFFSET:
477 insn = aarch64_insn_get_str_reg_value();
478 break;
479 default:
480 BUG_ON(1);
481 }
482
483 insn = aarch64_insn_encode_ldst_size(size, insn);
484
485 insn = aarch64_insn_encode_register(AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RT, insn, reg);
486
487 insn = aarch64_insn_encode_register(AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RN, insn,
488 base);
489
490 return aarch64_insn_encode_register(AARCH64_INSN_REGTYPE_RM, insn,
491 offset);
492}